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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; we have witnessed the advent and establishment of polypathological patients in the practice of internal medicine&#46; The inversion of the population pyramid&#44; medical advances and social progress form the three pillars of this new patient profile&#44; which expends a considerable portion of our time and healthcare resources&#44; with still much more to come&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This expanding group typically shares the traits of frailty and high dependence&#44; an increasingly common situation in internal medicine&#46; These patients are elderly&#44; often live alone&#44; and many times require assistance for their daily activities&#46; Their needs grow the older they get&#44; as their loneliness deepens and as their polypathology progresses&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is therefore a growing need to go beyond the clinical assessment and physical examination performed in daily practice and that is taught to internal medicine students&#46; These patients&#8217; frailty and thus their degree of dependence should form part of the clinical assessment&#44; given the percentage of polypathological patients treated in internal medicine&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study by Bernabeu-Wittel et al&#46; published in this issue of the journal highlights this problem&#46; As mentioned by the authors&#44; most polypathological patients have varying degrees of dependence&#44; which can be severe in more than 30&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> A healthcare intervention cannot be conducted&#44; either individually or as a whole&#44; for these patients without first conducting a frailty assessment&#46; The Barthel index &#40;BI&#41; is the most commonly used tool for this assessment&#44; but employing the index lengthens the time clinicians spend with patients in the initial clinical assessment&#46; The authors propose simplifying the previous screening using an abbreviated BI that facilitates and shortens the initial assessment&#46; To this end&#44; the authors designed a cross-sectional multicenter study that included more than 1600 patients &#40;most from hospitals with some outpatient representation and home hospitalization&#41;&#46; After performing a complete BI&#44; the authors identified those items with better positive and negative predictive values for obtaining a BI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90 points&#46; The item with the highest negative predictive value was the ability to feed and groom oneself&#46; The items with the highest positive predictive value were the ability to walk and go up and down stairs&#46; The authors proposed an algorithm for applying this simplified BI whose first question is&#44; &#8220;Can the patient go up and down stairs&#63;&#8221; If the patient is able to do so&#44; the BI is &#62;90&#44; and a full BI needs to be performed&#46; If the patient is unable to do so&#44; the next question is&#44; &#8220;Can the patient feed themselves&#63;&#8221; If they can&#44; the BI is between 60 and 89&#44; indicating the patient has moderate dependence and that a full BI needs to be performed&#46; If they unable to do so&#44; the BI is &#60;60&#44; indicating the patient has severe dependence&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors recognize that the lack of validation of the study&#39;s results with an independent patient cohort is one of the study&#39;s weaknesses&#46; There is also a disproportion between the number of hospitalized patients and outpatients in the sample&#46; The study&#39;s strengths are the participation of 37 hospital centers distributed throughout Spain and the considerable number of patients&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our opinion&#44; this is an original study in its approach&#44; which achieves useful results if they can be validated&#46; Of course&#44; the authors are aiming in the right direction&#46; One has to look no further than the study&#39;s first table&#44; which shows the characteristics of this consecutively recruited patient cohort&#46; Here are just some of the data&#58; the number of comorbidities per patient was 4&#46;5&#44; 70&#37; had high blood pressure&#44; 35&#37; had atrial fibrillation&#44; the mean Charlson index was 4&#44; 47&#37; had a New York Heart Association classification of III-IV&#44; and 31&#37; had a BI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the setting in which we work&#44; a scenario that could worsen&#46; Including information regarding frailty and dependence in the assessment of our patients in a global and practical manner appears to be essential&#46; On the other hand&#44; we increasingly need to work fast and in a variety of settings&#46; In our opinion&#44; the study by Bernabeu-Wittel et al&#46; is heading in that direction&#58; an abbreviated and fast BI&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At this time&#44; 46&#37; of discharges from internal medicine departments are of patients 80 years or older&#44; and attendance in internal medicine departments increases as the population age group that requires the most treatment increases&#46; The latest RECALMIN report<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> recommends having specific information on the healthcare needs of patients older than 80 years admitted to internal medicine departments&#46; It is precisely these groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> that have specific requirements and for which the same hospitalization process can increase the patient&#39;s frailty and vulnerability and result in readmissions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The latest RECALMIN survey showed that only 54&#37; of the departments stated having implemented a systematic care program for complex chronic patients&#44; which covered only 31&#37; of the Spanish population&#46; There is therefore a noticeable gap between the recommendations of the standards document for multiple-disease units<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and the strategy for approaching chronicity in the Spanish national health system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is still much to do&#46; It is essential that we give frailty and dependence the place they deserve and include them definitively in our medical records&#44; assessments and documents&#46; A major step would be to progress toward their quick and reliable assessment&#46;</p></span>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 219. Issue 8.
Pages 449-450 (November 2019)
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Vol. 219. Issue 8.
Pages 449-450 (November 2019)
Editorial
The importance of evaluating fragility and dependence
La importancia de evaluar la fragilidad y la dependencia
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J. Marco Martíneza,
Corresponding author
javiermarco.z@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, S. Plaza Cantelib
a Sección Medicina Perioperatoria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain
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