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Vol. 223. Issue 9.
Pages 523-584 (November 2023)
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Vol. 223. Issue 9.
Pages 523-584 (November 2023)
ORIGINAL

Impacto pronóstico de metformina en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Análisis combinado de los registros EAHFE y RICA

Prognostic impact of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute heart failure: Combined analysis of the EAHFE and RICA registries
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M. Povar-Echeverríaa,
Corresponding author
mpovar@salud.aragon.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, M. Méndez-Bailónb,c,d, F.J. Martín-Sánchezc,d,e, M. Montero-Pérez-Barquerof,g, J.C. Trullàsh,i, Ò. Mirój,k
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Comarcal de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
c Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
d Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISS), Madrid, España
e Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
f Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
g Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
h Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital d’Olot i Comarcal de la Garrotxa, Olot, Girona, España
i Grupo de Investigación en Reparación y Regeneración Tisular (TR2Lab), Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central, Barcelona, España
j Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
k Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Introducción

Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) e insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) presentan peor pronóstico a pesar de los avances terapéuticos en ambas enfermedades. Los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 y agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 han demostrado beneficios cardiovasculares y se han posicionado como primer escalón en el tratamiento de DM en pacientes con IC o elevado riesgo cardiovascular. Sin embargo, en los ensayos pivotales la mayoría de los pacientes recibe tratamiento concomitante con metformina. Todavía no se han desarrollado ensayos clínicos aleatorizados para evaluar el impacto pronóstico de la metformina a nivel cardiovascular. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar si los pacientes con DM e IC aguda que recibían tratamiento con metformina en el momento del alta podrían presentar mejor pronóstico al año de seguimiento.

Métodos

Ensayo de cohortes prospectivo mediante el análisis combinado de los 2 principales registros españoles de IC: el Registro Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Departments –EAHFE– y el Registro Nacional de Pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca –RICA–.

Resultados

De un total de 4.403 pacientes con DM tipo 2, recibió tratamiento con metformina el 33% (1.453). Este grupo presentó una mortalidad significativamente inferior al año de tratamiento (22 versus 32%; test de Log Rank p<0,001). En el análisis ajustado de mortalidad, los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con metformina presentaron menor mortalidad al año de seguimiento independientemente del resto de las variables (RR 0,814; IC 95% 0,712-0,930; p<0,01).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con DM tipo 2 e IC aguda que recibieron metformina presentaron mejor pronóstico al año de seguimiento, por lo que consideramos que este fármaco debe continuar siendo un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia cardiaca
Diabetes mellitus
Metformina
Pronóstico
Registro
Abstract
Introduction

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) have a worse prognosis despite therapeutic advances in both diseases. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 and GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown cardiovascular benefits and have been positioned as the first step in the treatment of DM in patients with HF or high cardiovascular risk. However, in the pivotal trials the majority of patients receives concomitant treatment with metformin. Randomized clinical trials have not yet been developed to assess the prognostic impact of metformin at the cardiovascular level. Our objective was to analyze whether patients with DM and acute HF who receive treatment with metformin at the time of discharge may have had a better prognosis at one year of follow-up.

Methods

Prospective cohort trial using the combined analysis of the 2 main Spanish HF registries: the Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Departments registry –EAHFE– and the National Registry of Patients with Heart Failure –RICA–.

Results

33% (1453) of a total of 4403 patients with DM type 2 received treatment with metformin. This group presented significantly lower mortality after one year of treatment (22 vs. 32%; Log Rank test, p<0.001). In the adjusted analysis of mortality, patients receiving treatment with metformin had lower mortality at one year of follow-up regardless of the rest of the variables (RR 0.814; 95% CI: 0.712–0.930; p<0.01).

Conclusions

Patients with DM type 2 and acute HF who received metformin had a better prognosis after one year of follow-up, so we believe that this drug should continue to be a fundamental pillar in the treatment of these patients.

Keywords:
Heart failure
Diabetes mellitus
Metformin
Prognostic
Registry

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