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Vol. 220. Issue 2.
Pages 109-114 (March 2020)
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Vol. 220. Issue 2.
Pages 109-114 (March 2020)
Brief Original
Haemophagocytic syndrome associated with infections: Not so uncommon
Síndrome hemofagocítico asociado a infecciones: no tan infrecuente
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F.F. Rodríguez Vidigal, A. Calvo Cano, M. Sánchez Sánchez, N. Nogales Muñoz, A. Vera Tomé, A. Muñoz Sanz
Corresponding author
oyacoi@unex.es

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Patología Infecciosa, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Table 1. Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with infections.
Table 2. European series of infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in adults.
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Abstract
Background

Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a severe immunological disorder characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and multiple organ failure. HPS can be triggered by viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitical infections. We report our experience with infection-related HPS and estimate its local incidence.

Material and method

We conducted an observational retrospective study of infection-associated HPS in patients treated in the Department of Infectious Diseases of a university hospital within a 5-year period, as well as a review of the published series in Europe.

Results

HPS was associated with infection by cytomegalovirus in 2 women with Crohn's disease and was associated with visceral leishmaniosis in 4 patients (3 men, 1 woman; 1 case of multiple myeloma; 2 cases of solid tumors; 1 case of no apparent disease). Two patients died, and the estimated incidence rate was 0.58/100,000 inhabitants/year. The published series are mixed.

Conclusions

Infection-related HPS must be more common than reported. The geographical environment can influence the triggering infections (in our environment, Leishmania should be considered).

Keywords:
Haemophagocytic syndrome
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Infection
Cytomegalovirus
Leishmania
Trigger
Resumen
Introducción

El síndrome hemofagocítico (SHF) es un trastorno inmunológico grave caracterizado por una inflamación descontrolada con fracaso multiorgánico. Puede estar desencadenado por infecciones víricas, bacterianas, fúngicas o parasitarias. Se describe nuestra experiencia de SHF asociado a infecciones y se estima su incidencia local.

Material y método

Estudio retrospectivo observacional de SHF asociado a infecciones en adultos atendidos en el Servicio de Patología Infecciosa de un hospital universitario durante 5años y revisión de las series publicadas en Europa.

Resultados

En 2mujeres con enfermedad de Crohn, el SHF se asoció a infección por citomegalovirus y a leishmaniosis visceral (mieloma múltiple 1, tumor sólido 2, sin enfermedad evidente 1) en 4pacientes (3 hombres). Fallecieron 2enfermos. La incidencia estimada fue 0,58/100.000/año. Las series publicadas son heterogéneas.

Conclusiones

El SHF asociado a infecciones debe de ser más frecuente de lo descrito. El entorno geográfico puede influir en las infecciones desencadenantes (en nuestro medio, debe buscarse Leishmania).

Palabras clave:
Síndrome hemofagocítico
Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica
Infección
Citomegalovirus
Leishmania
Desencadenante

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