Article information
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more vulnerable to infections that may favor disease progression. Vaccination in COPD is an effective intervention that helps reduce infectious exacerbations, as well as associated morbidity and mortality.
In recent years, the use of new vaccines has become widespread, not only targeting specific infections but also contributing to long-lasting immunity and slowing the process of immune aging (immunosenescence).
Current clinical practice guidelines recommend the administration of six vaccines (against Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, Bordetella pertussis, and varicella-zoster virus) for all COPD patients.
However, vaccination rates in many countries still fall short of the established targets. Therefore, it is crucial to design a specific vaccination schedule tailored for COPD patients.
Keywords:
COPD
Vaccination
Immunosenescence
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenza
SARS-CoV-2
Respiratory syncytial virus
Bordetella pertussis
Herpes zoster
Resumen
Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) son más susceptibles a padecer infecciones que modifican negativamente la historia natural de la enfermedad. La vacunación en la EPOC es una intervención efectiva que reduce las exacerbaciones infecciosas y la morbimortalidad asociada a las mismas.
En los últimos años se ha extendido el uso de nuevas vacunas que no solo ayudan a combatir infecciones específicas, sino que también contribuyen a lograr una inmunidad duradera y a enlentecer el envejecimiento inmunológico (inmunosenescencia).
Las principales guías de práctica clínica ya recomiendan la administración de 6 vacunas (frente a Streptococcus pneumoniae, virus influenza, SARS-CoV-2, virus respiratorio sincitial, Bordetella pertussis y virus varicela-zoster) a todos los pacientes con EPOC.
A pesar de ello, la tasa de vacunación en la mayoría de los países de nuestro entorno está alejada de los objetivos planteados, por lo que es fundamental diseñar un calendario vacunal específico para la EPOC.
Palabras clave:
EPOC
Vacunación
Inmunosenescencia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Influenza
SARS-CoV-2
Virus respiratorio sincitial
Bordetella pertussis
Herpes zoster
Article
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