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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In December 2019&#44; the World Health Organization &#40;WHO&#41; reported the presence of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in the city of Wuhan&#44; China&#46; The authorities later identified a novel coronavirus &#40;SARS-CoV-2&#41; as the causal agent of this disease &#40;COVID-19&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; The WHO declared this illness to be a global public health emergency on January 30&#44; 2020 and the first case was reported in Latin America approximately one month later<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first person with COVID-19 in Mexico was detected on February 27 of that year&#46; Two days later&#44; the state of Coahuila reported its first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection &#40;the fourth in Mexico&#41;&#46; On March 30&#44; a healthcare emergency was declared in the country<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The high rates of hypertension&#44; obesity&#44; and diabetes in Mexico are worrying&#59; it has been demonstrated that the presence of comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of mortality&#46; However&#44; the majority of the evidence comes from studies conducted in Asia and thus other investigations that analyze these data in other regions are necessary<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in a state in Northern Mexico and determine the comorbidities associated with mortality for the purpose of implementing better measures aimed at safeguarding the at-risk population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work is a retrospective cohort study&#46; The data were obtained from the Respiratory Diseases Surveillance System &#40;SISVER&#44; for its initials in Spanish&#41; platform in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System &#40;SINAVE&#44; for its initials in Spanish&#41; of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of Secretariat of Health of Mexico&#46; This study was approved by the research ethics committee and no data that could identify patients on an individual level were used&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included patients from the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza &#40;Mexico&#41; with a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 on a real-time polymerase chain reaction test recorded from March 17 to August 12&#44; 2020&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The real-time polymerase chain reaction test was performed in patients who met the operational definition of a suspected case of COVID-19&#58; &#8220;a person of any age who&#44; in the last ten days&#44; has presented with at least one of the following symptoms&#58; cough&#44; dyspnea&#44; fever&#44; or headache accompanied by at least one of the following signs or symptoms&#58; myalgia&#44; arthralgia&#44; odynophagia&#44; chills&#44; chest pain&#44; rhinorrhea&#44; polypnea&#44; anosmia&#44; dysgeusia&#44; or conjunctivitis&#46;&#8221; This definition is included in the standard guidelines for epidemiological surveillance and viral respiratory disease laboratory of the Secretary of State of Mexico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical analysis considered age&#44; sex&#44; need for in-hospital treatment&#44; requirement for the administration of supplemental oxygen&#44; reported symptoms &#40;fever&#44; cough&#44; rhinorrhea&#44; sore throat&#44; conjunctivitis&#44; anosmia&#44; headache&#44; diarrheal stools&#44; vomiting&#44; abdominal pain&#44; myalgia&#44; arthralgia&#44; overall condition&#44; chest pain&#44; dyspnea&#44; and cyanosis&#41; as well as associated comorbidities &#40;diabetes mellitus&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44; asthma&#44; systemic hypertension&#44; heart disease&#44; obesity&#44; chronic kidney disease&#44; tobacco use&#44; and human immunodeficiency virus infection&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The outcome variable analyzed was mortality&#46; As such&#44; patients were divided into two groups&#58; survivors and nonsurvivors&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quantitative data were expressed as means and standard deviations&#46; The qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages&#46; The chi square test and independent Student&#8217;s t-test were used to compare the groups&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To determine the risk factors for mortality&#44; age and associated comorbidities were taken into account by means of a univariate and multivariate Cox regression model&#46; 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&#40;1&#44;094 patients&#41; and 60&#46;5&#37; of those were patients older than 60 years&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common symptoms were headache &#40;75&#46;2&#37;&#41; dry cough &#40;69&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and fever &#40;58&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#59; 23&#37; presented with dyspnea and 1&#46;2&#37; with cyanosis&#46; Systemic hypertension&#44; obesity&#44; and diabetes mellitus were the most frequently reported comorbidities&#58; 13&#46;5&#37;&#59; 11&#46;6&#37;&#44; and 10&#46;9&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Age&#44; need for in-hospital treatment&#44; and requirement for supplementary oxygen showed significant differences when comparing survivors versus nonsurvivors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the nonsurvivor group&#44; 34&#46;1&#37; presented with diabetes mellitus&#44; 39&#46;9&#37; with systemic hypertension&#44; and 19&#46;8&#37; with obesity vs&#46; 9&#46;4&#37;&#44; 11&#46;7&#37;&#44; and 11&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; in the survivor group &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;0001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The rest of the characteristics of the general population as well as the comparisons between groups are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the data examined by means of the univariate Cox regression model&#44; the following were associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;0001&#41;&#58; age over 60 years&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44; systemic hypertension&#44; heart disease&#44; and chronic kidney disease&#46; These variables were analyzed together by means of a multivariate Cox regression model&#46; Age over 60 years had a hazard ratio &#40;HR&#41; of 8&#46;04 with a 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;95&#37; CI&#41; of 7&#46;03&#8211;9&#46;19&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the comorbidities&#44; the risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 were&#58; diabetes mellitus &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;63&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;40&#8211;1&#46;89&#41;&#44; systemic hypertension &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;48&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;28&#8211;1&#46;72&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;37&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;18&#8211;1&#46;60&#41;&#44; and chronic kidney disease &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#46;06&#59; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;64&#8211;2&#46;59&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In regard to clinical characteristics&#44; the most frequently reported symptoms in the literature worldwide were fever&#44; cough&#44; and fatigue&#44; the same as in our study&#46; Likewise&#44; the most frequently associated comorbidities were hypertension&#44; cardiovascular disease&#44; and diabetes mellitus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; However&#44; though these characteristics are similar among different countries and regions&#44; mortality varies greatly<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One probable explanation is that though comorbidities linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection increase mortality&#44; age is a determining risk factor for a fatal outcome in patients with COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a study in Brazil that included 2070 patients with this disease&#44; though the proportion of diabetes &#40;7&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;0&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; and kidney disease &#40;1&#37;&#41; were lower than in our work&#44; the mortality rate reported was 6&#37;&#46; Furthermore&#44; 75&#37; of patients who had a fatal outcome were in the group of patients over 60 years of age&#44; many of whom had associated comorbidities<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a cohort of 13&#44;842 patients in Mexico&#44; 18&#37; were in the group of patients older than 60 years&#46; People with comorbidities had a greater risk of a fatal outcome&#44; yet the reported mortality was 9&#46;4&#37; vs&#46; 6&#46;3&#37; in our study&#46; A likely explanation of the different in lethality could be the lower proportion of individuals over 60 years of age in our study &#40;14&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Along these lines&#44; a transversal study which included 1&#44;456 patients from different countries with a mortality rate of 26&#46;4&#37;&#44; 80&#37; of those who died were older than 65 years of age and the associated cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases increased mortality<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When comparing our study to the work by Parra-Bracamonte et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; some interesting points can be seen&#46; Though the mean age of the population studied was similar&#44; the mortality rate was significantly different&#58; 11&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 6&#46;3&#37; in our analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This could be due to the lower proportion of people over 60 years of age with COVID-19 in our study &#40;14&#37; vs&#46; 18&#46;5&#37;&#41; as well as the lower percentage of individuals in our analysis with diabetes &#40;10&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 16&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; hypertension &#40;13&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 20&#37;&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;11&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 19&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; and chronic kidney disease &#40;1&#46;4&#37; vs&#46; 2&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These differences regarding the population with SARS-CoV-2 infection in our region compared to the rest of Mexico could be a result of the strategies implemented by the healthcare authorities to protect the at-risk population&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be observed that&#44; regardless of the geographic region&#44; the presence of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 is a risk factor for mortality and an important associated factor which substantially increases this risk in people over 60 years of age&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; systemic hypertension&#44; obesity&#44; and chronic kidney disease increase mortality in patients with COVID-19 among the population of Coahuila &#40;Mexico&#41;&#46; However&#44; age over 60 years is the factor which most contributes to risk of death&#46; It is important to continue applying strategies aimed at protecting this vulnerable population&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We recognize that our study has some limitations&#44; such as its retrospective nature and the fact that the variables analyzed were obtained from an electronic database&#44; which hindered patient follow-up&#46; Therefore&#44; more studies in different populations are needed in order to identify modifiable factors and implement strategies that impact patient survival&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Funding</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research has not received specific grants from agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or non-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-08-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-12-21"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Comorbidities"
            1 => "Mortality"
            2 => "Risk factors"
            3 => "COVID-19"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Comorbilidades"
            1 => "Mortalidad"
            2 => "Factores de riesgo"
            3 => "COVID-19"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in a state in northern Mexico and establish the comorbidities associated with mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with COVID-19&#44; divided into survivors and non-survivors&#44; were analyzed&#46; The data were analyzed using the chi-square test&#44; Student&#8217;s t-test&#44; and Cox&#8217;s regression model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 17&#44;479 patients were included and mortality rate of 6&#46;3&#37; was reported&#46; Age over 60 years &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#46;04&#59; 95&#37;CI 7&#46;03&#8211;9&#46;19&#41;&#44; diabetes &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;63&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;40&#8211;1&#46;89&#41;&#44; high blood pressure &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;48&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;28&#8211;1&#46;72&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;37&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;18&#8211;1&#46;60&#41; and chronic kidney disease &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#46;06&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;64&#8211;2&#46;59&#41; were significantly associated with mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diabetes&#44; high blood pressure&#44; obesity&#44; and chronic kidney disease increased mortality among patients with COVID-19 in the population of Coahuila&#44; Mexico&#46; The factor that most contributed to risk of death was age over 60 years&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
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            "titulo" => "Methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes y objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio es describir las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un estado del norte de M&#233;xico y determinar las comorbilidades asociadas con la mortalidad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se examinaron pacientes con COVID-19&#44; divididos en supervivientes y no supervivientes&#46; Los datos fueron analizados mediante las pruebas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">X</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; t de Student y el modelo de regresi&#243;n de Cox&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 17&#46;479 pacientes&#44; reportando un 6&#44;3&#37; de mortalidad&#46; Los factores que se asociaron con esta fueron&#58; edad mayor a 60 a&#241;os &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#44;04&#59; IC 95&#37; 7&#44;03 a 9&#44;19&#41;&#44; diabetes &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44;63&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;40 a 1&#44;89&#41;&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial sist&#233;mica &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;28 a 1&#44;72&#41;&#44; obesidad &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#44;37&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;18 a 1&#44;60&#41; y da&#241;o renal cr&#243;nico &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;2&#44;06&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;64 a 2&#44;59&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La diabetes&#44; la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la obesidad y el da&#241;o renal cr&#243;nico incrementan la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 en la poblaci&#243;n de Coahuila&#44; M&#233;xico&#59; el factor que m&#225;s contribuye para el riesgo de muerte es la edad mayor a 60 a&#241;os&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Salinas-Aguirre JE&#44; S&#225;nchez-Garc&#237;a C&#44; Rodr&#237;guez-Sanchez R&#44; Rodr&#237;guez-Mu&#241;oz L&#44; D&#237;az-Casta&#241;o A&#44; Bernal-G&#243;mez R&#46; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y comorbilidades asociadas a mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 en Coahuila &#40;M&#233;xico&#41;&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2022&#59;222&#58;288&#8211;292&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; COPD&#58; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#59; HT&#58; hypertension&#59; HIV&#58; human immunodeficiency virus&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">637 &#40;58&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;263 &#40;50&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">457 &#40;41&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital treatment&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;393 &#40;13&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;429 &#40;9&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">901 &#40;82&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Supplemental oxygen&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;107 &#40;23&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;252 &#40;19&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">855 &#40;78&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;901 &#40;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;529 &#40;9&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">372 &#40;34&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COPD&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">104 &#40;0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">80 &#40;0&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asthma&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">308 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">288 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;874&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HT&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;344 &#40;13&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;908 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">436 &#40;39&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heart disease&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">213 &#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">154 &#40;0&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obesity&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;016 &#40;11&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;799 &#40;11&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">217 &#40;19&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic kidney disease&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">250 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">160 &#40;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tobacco use&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">926 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">868 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;990&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HIV&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;0&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;960&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Symptoms</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fever&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;176 &#40;58&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;341 &#40;57&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">835 &#40;76&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dry cough&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;125 &#40;69&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;247 &#40;68&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">878 &#40;80&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sore throat&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;331 &#40;30&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;946 &#40;30&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">385 &#40;35&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dyspnea&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;006 &#40;23&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;175 &#40;19&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">831 &#40;76&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diarrhea&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;454 &#40;14&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;327 &#40;14&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">127 &#40;11&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chest pain&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;958 &#40;17&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;606 &#40;15&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">352 &#40;32&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Headache&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;125 &#40;75&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#44;327 &#40;75&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">798 &#40;73&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;086&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Myalgia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;020 &#40;46&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;464 &#40;45&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">556 &#40;50&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;03&#8211;5&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;40&#8211;1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">COPD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">HT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;28&#8211;1&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Heart disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;86&#8211;6&#46;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;18&#8211;1&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic renal disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;80&#8211;8&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tobacco use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Asthma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;64&#8211;1&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;993&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HIV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;23&#8211;3&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;947&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2892433.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Novel coronavirus &#40;2019-nCoV&#41; situation report &#8212; 1"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "WWW" => array:2 [
                        "link" => "https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;who&#46;int&#47;docs&#47;default-source&#47;coronaviruse&#47;situation-reports&#47;20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov&#46;pdf&#63;sfvrsn&#61;20a99c10&#95;4"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                      ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0010"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41; en Am&#233;rica Latina&#58; papel de la atenci&#243;n primaria en la preparaci&#243;n y respuesta"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; S&#225;nchez-Duque"
                            1 => "L&#46;R&#46; Arce-Villalobos"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Morales"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.aprim.2020.04.001"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "372"
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Journal Information
Vol. 222. Issue 5.
Pages 288-292 (May 2022)
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Vol. 222. Issue 5.
Pages 288-292 (May 2022)
Brief Original
Clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 in Coahuila (Mexico)
Características clínicas y comorbilidades asociadas a mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 en Coahuila (México)
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J.E. Salinas-Aguirre, C. Sánchez-García
Corresponding author
sanchez.carlos8516@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, R. Rodríguez-Sanchez, L. Rodríguez-Muñoz, A. Díaz-Castaño, R. Bernal-Gómez
Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Characteristics of patients with COVID-19.
Table 2. Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19.
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Abstract
Background and objective

This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in a state in northern Mexico and establish the comorbidities associated with mortality.

Methods

Patients with COVID-19, divided into survivors and non-survivors, were analyzed. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Student’s t-test, and Cox’s regression model.

Results

A total of 17,479 patients were included and mortality rate of 6.3% was reported. Age over 60 years (HR = 8.04; 95%CI 7.03–9.19), diabetes (HR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.40–1.89), high blood pressure (HR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.28–1.72), obesity (HR = 1.37; 95%CI 1.18–1.60) and chronic kidney disease (HR = 2.06; 95%CI 1.64–2.59) were significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions

Diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and chronic kidney disease increased mortality among patients with COVID-19 in the population of Coahuila, Mexico. The factor that most contributed to risk of death was age over 60 years.

Keywords:
Comorbidities
Mortality
Risk factors
COVID-19
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un estado del norte de México y determinar las comorbilidades asociadas con la mortalidad.

Métodos

Se examinaron pacientes con COVID-19, divididos en supervivientes y no supervivientes. Los datos fueron analizados mediante las pruebas de X2, t de Student y el modelo de regresión de Cox.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 17.479 pacientes, reportando un 6,3% de mortalidad. Los factores que se asociaron con esta fueron: edad mayor a 60 años (HR = 8,04; IC 95% 7,03 a 9,19), diabetes (HR = 1,63; IC 95% 1,40 a 1,89), hipertensión arterial sistémica (HR = 1,48; IC 95% 1,28 a 1,72), obesidad (HR = 1,37; IC 95% 1,18 a 1,60) y daño renal crónico (HR = 2,06; IC 95% 1,64 a 2,59).

Conclusiones

La diabetes, la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y el daño renal crónico incrementan la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 en la población de Coahuila, México; el factor que más contribuye para el riesgo de muerte es la edad mayor a 60 años.

Palabras clave:
Comorbilidades
Mortalidad
Factores de riesgo
COVID-19

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