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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; presenta una prevalencia creciente que causa una gran morbimortalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; En el curso de la EPOC las agudizaciones &#40;AEPOC&#41; son acontecimientos frecuentes que necesitan en muchos casos atenci&#243;n hospitalaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n el Ministerio de Sanidad&#44; Servicios Sociales e Igualdad&#44; la estancia hospitalaria &#40;EH&#41; se considera un indicador de la capacidad resolutiva&#44; pero tambi&#233;n permite una visi&#243;n de la efectividad cl&#237;nica&#44; ya que est&#225; muy influida por las complicaciones y los efectos adversos de la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En Espa&#241;a se producen cada a&#241;o m&#225;s de 73&#46;000 altas con diagn&#243;stico primario de AEPOC&#44; con una estancia mediana de 8&#44;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se estima que entre el 60 y el 70&#37; del coste directo de la EPOC en Espa&#241;a est&#225; relacionado con las AEPOC&#44; especialmente las que derivan en hospitalizaci&#243;n&#44; que suponen un 45&#37; del gasto total<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Una EH prolongada &#40;EHP&#41; en AEPOC aumenta significativamente los costes de la atenci&#243;n a esta enfermedad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; por lo que el desarrollo de programas que la reduzcan de forma segura ha sido motivo de m&#250;ltiples programas de mejora asistencial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se conoce el papel que juega la estacionalidad&#44; confluyendo picos epid&#233;micos de gripe con el aumento en las exacerbaciones&#44; lo que realza a&#250;n m&#225;s el beneficio de estancias m&#225;s cortas desde un punto de vista de coste-oportunidad&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los factores que influyen en la EHP por AEPOC son diversos y se basan en trabajos que abarcan estudios de cohortes&#44; revisiones de series hist&#243;ricas y bases de datos institucionales y grandes auditor&#237;as internacionales&#44; con casu&#237;sticas y registros de variables muy diferentes&#44; utiliz&#225;ndose distintos puntos de corte en la consideraci&#243;n de qu&#233; es una EHP &#40;desde 4 hasta 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10-17</span></a>&#46; En ellos se han descrito m&#250;ltiples factores cl&#237;nicos y demogr&#225;ficos que pueden influir en la EH&#44; como la edad&#44; la persistencia del tabaquismo&#44; variables relacionadas con la gravedad de la EPOC &#40;disnea basal&#44; funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; par&#225;metros indicativos del intercambio gaseoso&#41; o del episodio de AEPOC &#40;ingreso en UCI&#44; hipercapnia con&#47;sin ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#44; presencia de g&#233;rmenes en esputo&#41; y la coexistencia de comorbilidades &#40;cardiovasculares&#44; diabetes&#44; depresi&#243;n&#44; malnutrici&#243;n&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10-17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; la informaci&#243;n sobre la influencia en la EH de otras variables del entorno del paciente&#44; como recursos disponibles&#44; grado de dependencia o situaci&#243;n de riesgo social&#44; es casi inexistente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;17&#44;18</span></a>&#46; Conocer si estos factores influyen en la EH de los pacientes con AEPOC graves puede ser la base de intervenciones precoces y de planes de atenci&#243;n m&#225;s personalizados&#44; eficientes e integrales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46; El objetivo principal del presente estudio es conocer en qu&#233; medida los factores sociales&#44; adem&#225;s de los cl&#237;nicos&#44; predicen EHP en pacientes con AEPOC&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Metodolog&#237;a</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo de cohortes&#44; con reclutamiento de pacientes consecutivos con un ingreso &#237;ndice &#40;primer ingreso en el periodo de estudio&#41; con diagn&#243;stico primario de AEPOC en el servicio de Neumolog&#237;a de un hospital de tercer nivel &#40;poblaci&#243;n de referencia de 375&#46;000 habitantes&#41; a lo largo de un a&#241;o &#40;2 de enero-31 de diciembre de 2017&#41;&#46; No se incluyeron los que no aceptaron participar y se excluy&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de EPOC o AEPOC durante el ingreso o seguimiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El material y los m&#233;todos de este estudio han sido publicados anteriormente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al tercer o cuarto d&#237;a del ingreso&#44; en funci&#243;n de la situaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del paciente&#44; personal sanitario y una trabajadora social entrenada del equipo investigador solicitaban el consentimiento para su inclusi&#243;n en el estudio y recog&#237;an de forma sistematizada&#44; revisando la historia cl&#237;nica electr&#243;nica y entrevistando al paciente y sus cuidadores&#44; informaci&#243;n demogr&#225;fica&#44; cl&#237;nica y social&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Recogida de informaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas las variables registradas se incluyen en las <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tablas 1 y 2</a>&#46; B&#225;sicamente&#44; se incluyeron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; peso&#44; altura&#44; lugar de residencia&#44; estudios realizados&#44; etiolog&#237;a de la enfermedad&#44; consumo de tabaco&#44; alcohol o drogas&#44; inmunizaciones&#44; n&#250;mero de AEPOC graves y pruebas microbiol&#243;gicas en el a&#241;o previo&#44; anal&#237;tica sangu&#237;nea del ingreso &#40;hemoglobina&#44; eosin&#243;filos&#41;&#44; n&#250;mero y tipo de comorbilidades mediante el &#237;ndice de Charlson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> y la escala de Goldberg de ansiedad y depresi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; la presencia de s&#237;ndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41; o fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&#44; impacto de la enfermedad mediante el cuestionario <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">COPD Assessment Test</span> &#40;CAT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#44; nivel de disnea basal &#40;escala modificada de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medical Research Council</span> &#91;mMRC&#93;&#41;&#44; funci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41; y necesidad en domicilio de oxigenoterapia continua o ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#46; Se recalcularon otras variables&#44; como los &#237;ndices de masa corporal y BODEX&#44; se agruparon otras &#40;enfermedad cardiovascular&#41; y se convirtieron en dicot&#243;micas varias de las cuantitativas &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; mMRC&#44; CAT&#44; Charlson&#44; Goldberg&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La trabajadora social registr&#243; los ingresos econ&#243;micos mensuales y prestaciones recibidas&#44; r&#233;gimen laboral&#44; tipo y r&#233;gimen de utilizaci&#243;n de la vivienda&#44; caracter&#237;sticas convivenciales&#44; disponibilidad de cuidador y su parentesco y remuneraci&#243;n&#44; contacto previo con los servicios sociales&#44; discapacidad para las actividades b&#225;sicas de la vida diaria &#40;&#237;ndice de Barthel&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> o elaboradas &#40;&#237;ndice de Lawton y Brody&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; fragilidad social &#40;cuestionario de Barber&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; situaci&#243;n social y familiar &#40;escala de valoraci&#243;n sociofamiliar de Gij&#243;n&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> y sobrecarga del cuidador &#40;test de Zarit&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46; Las variables sociales se convirtieron en dicot&#243;micas en funci&#243;n de los puntos de corte recomendados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23-27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El estudio fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica e Investigaci&#243;n de Galicia &#40;2016&#47;524&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la metodolog&#237;a y la comunicaci&#243;n de resultados se sigui&#243; la gu&#237;a STROBE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables cualitativas se describieron mediante el n&#250;mero de casos y su porcentaje y las num&#233;ricas por la media y desviaci&#243;n t&#237;pica&#46; Para su comparaci&#243;n&#44; en el an&#225;lisis univariante se utilizaron la prueba de ji-cuadrado o el test exacto de Fisher para comparar las primeras y la t de Student para las segundas&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Directivos Sanitarios&#44; la EH de cada paciente se determin&#243; restando a la fecha en la que el paciente fue alta &#40;m&#233;dica&#44; voluntaria o fallecimiento&#41; la fecha de su ingreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; La variable resultado fue el tiempo de EHP&#44; considerado como tal el superior a la mediana del tiempo de EH de la muestra &#40;&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con el fin de identificar los factores independientes asociados a la EHP&#44; se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica adelante condicional en el cual se incluyeron todas las variables con una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15 en el modelo univariado&#46; Se calcularon las odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; con su intervalo de confianza del 95&#37; &#40;IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#41;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis se hizo con el paquete estad&#237;stico IBM SPSS Statistics 21 &#40;IBM Corporation&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 253 pacientes&#46; Cinco no se pudieron incluir&#58; tres porque no aceptaron participar y dos por su inestabilidad cl&#237;nica&#46; La EH media fue de 8&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#44; con una mediana de 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as y un IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37; entre 2 y 17&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#44; un m&#237;nimo de 1 y un m&#225;ximo de 91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#46; Seis pacientes &#40;2&#44;3&#37;&#41; fallecieron durante su ingreso&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas y cl&#237;nicas del total de la muestra categorizadas como EHP s&#237; o no se incluyen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De forma general&#44; los pacientes tienen en torno a 70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; con una EPOC grave y frecuentes comorbilidades&#46; El 40&#37; fuman activamente&#46; La mayor parte cursaron solo estudios primarios y la mitad viven en &#225;reas rurales en domicilios particulares&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se resumen y se comparan las variables sociales en funci&#243;n de la EHP&#46; De forma resumida&#44; la mayor&#237;a son pensionistas y m&#225;s de la mitad con rentas bajas&#44; casi la cuarta parte viven solos&#44; casi la mitad presentan alguna dependencia para las actividades b&#225;sicas de la vida diaria &#40;71&#44;1&#37; moderada-grave&#41;&#44; el 90&#37; para actividades instrumentales y el 60&#37; presentan alg&#250;n riesgo&#47;problema sociofamiliar&#46; Solo la mitad disponen de cuidador&#44; la mayor&#237;a no formales&#44; generalmente mujeres&#44; la mitad de ellas con sobrecarga&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica se incluyeron las variables que en el estudio univariante presentaron una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15 &#40;tabaquismo activo&#44; valor del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; puntuaci&#243;n en el CAT &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44; disnea 3-4&#44; presencia de g&#233;rmenes en cultivos de esputo en el a&#241;o previo&#44; presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular o anemia&#44; oxigenoterapia domiciliaria&#44; vivir solo&#44; residencia en zona rural&#44; sobrecarga del cuidador&#44; detecci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema sociofamiliar&#41;&#44; excluyendo la puntuaci&#243;n del BODEX&#44; dado que incluye varios &#237;tems de los anteriores&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables que se asociaron en este modelo de forma independiente y positiva con la posibilidad de una EHP fueron la puntuaci&#243;n en cuestionario CAT &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;9&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;01-38&#44;2&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04&#41; y la detecci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema social &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;63&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;03-7&#44;03&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04&#41;&#44; y de forma negativa la presencia de tabaquismo activo &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#59; IC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;04-0&#44;51&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con una buena o aceptable situaci&#243;n social y familiar seg&#250;n la escala de valoraci&#243;n sociofamiliar de Gij&#243;n &#40;puntuaci&#243;n de 5 a 9&#41; tuvieron una estancia de 6&#44;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#59; los que se encontraban en situaci&#243;n de riesgo &#40;puntuaci&#243;n de 10 a 14&#41;&#44; de 8&#44;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#44; mientras que los que ya ten&#237;an una situaci&#243;n de problema social &#40;puntaci&#243;n en cuestionario &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#41; la estancia fue de 11&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as &#40;con respecto al primer grupo&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 y p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio es uno de los primeros en demostrar que los factores de la esfera social tienen una importante relevancia en la EHP de un paciente con una AEPOC grave&#44; siendo el primero que hace un completo abordaje de la influencia de caracter&#237;sticas del perfil social del paciente&#44; abarcando todos sus &#225;mbitos &#40;recursos&#44; dependencia&#44; soledad&#44; relaciones&#44; cuidados&#8230;&#41;&#46; Es adem&#225;s el primer estudio que ha incluido un cuestionario de impacto de la enfermedad&#44; como es el CAT&#44; en el estudio de la EH por AEPOC&#44; y que se ha mostrado como el predictor m&#225;s relevante&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque existen muchos estudios que han analizado los factores predictores de una EHP en pacientes con AEPOC graves&#44; casi todos se han centrado en variables cl&#237;nico-demogr&#225;ficas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10-16</span></a>&#46; Solo la situaci&#243;n marital&#44; la necesidad de contacto con trabajadores sociales o su derivaci&#243;n a centros de larga estancia se han relacionado con una EHP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;17</span></a>&#46; Barton et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; en una completa revisi&#243;n en la que analizan los resultados de la eficacia de las intervenciones sociales sobre resultados en salud de pacientes con EPOC&#44; no citan ninguno dirigido a analizar su influencia en la EH&#46; Mulpuru et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; en una cohorte canadiense en la que estudian los costes relacionados con la EHP en pacientes con AEPOC&#44; indican que pueden distinguirse dos tipos de pacientes&#58; unos que requieren una alta intensidad de cuidados especializados en relaci&#243;n con la gravedad de la AEPOC y otros con una importante limitaci&#243;n funcional que precisan asistencia para sus funciones b&#225;sicas&#46; Por tanto&#44; parece que la combinaci&#243;n de ambos tipos de variables debe ser consideradas a la hora de poder predecir una EHP&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Si un paciente con AEPOC es fumador activo antes del ingreso&#44; la probabilidad de que presente una EHP tras ajustarla por todas las dem&#225;s variables es mucho menor&#46; En los estudios analizados los resultados han sido contradictorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; ya que o no se ha encontrado ninguna asociaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; o esta solo aparece en el estudio univariante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; o s&#237; lo hizo en el mismo sentido que en el presente estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; En la gran auditor&#237;a europea COPD Audit&#44; que incluy&#243; m&#225;s de 16&#46;000 pacientes de 13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pa&#237;ses&#44; tambi&#233;n se describe este resultado&#44; aunque la asociaci&#243;n fue menor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Al igual que los autores de este estudio creemos que esto se puede atribuir al <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;healthy smoker effect&#187;</span>&#44; en el que los fumadores pueden tener una mayor tolerancia a los s&#237;ntomas o que en la EH influyan factores motivacionales adicionales como el deseo de poder salir del hospital para fumar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;31</span></a>&#46; Es posible que este factor tenga alguna relaci&#243;n con otros factores del &#225;mbito psicol&#243;gico y&#47;o social&#44; ya que ambos pueden influir en la falta de eficacia del tratamiento de deshabituaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El segundo factor que se asoci&#243; de forma independiente fue presentar un impacto de moderado a muy grave &#40;puntuaci&#243;n &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41; en el cuestionario CAT&#46; La diferencia media del CAT en los pacientes con EHP y sin EHP super&#243; ligeramente los 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>puntos&#44; cifra que es considerada el m&#237;nimo cl&#237;nicamente relevante cuando se eval&#250;an en un mismo paciente los efectos de un determinado tratamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; Aunque no hemos encontrado otros estudios que hayan relacionado de esta forma el impacto de la enfermedad medido por el CAT con la duraci&#243;n de la EH&#44; s&#237; existe evidencia de que las variaciones en el CAT se relacionan con la recuperaci&#243;n o el fracaso tras las AEPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46; Garc&#237;a-Sidro et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> describen una correlaci&#243;n positiva&#44; aunque d&#233;bil&#44; entre el valor del CAT al ingreso y los d&#237;as de EH&#44; aunque en su estudio no se realizaron ajustes por otras variables&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de que en el an&#225;lisis no ajustado el encontrase en una situaci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema social seg&#250;n la escala de Gij&#243;n&#44; la mayor sobrecarga del cuidador y vivir solo presentaron una asociaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica o se acercaron a ella con una EHP&#44; solo el primero lo hizo de forma independiente&#46; No hemos encontrado estudios que hayan utilizado escalas como la de Gij&#243;n o similares y las hayan relacionado con la EH en pacientes con AEPOC graves o pluripatol&#243;gicos hospitalizados&#46; Parece&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; que cuanto peor es la situaci&#243;n social seg&#250;n esta escala&#44; se describe un aumento de la EH&#46; Al contrario que en nuestro trabajo&#44; en el estudio canadiense de Wong et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> no vivir en pareja o haber contactado con los servicios sociales predicen una EHP&#44; lo que puede explicarse por las diferencias de los sistemas sociosanitarios o una mayor concienciaci&#243;n de la importancia de estos factores en sistemas con otro tipo de cobertura sanitaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; En nuestro pa&#237;s&#44; y a pesar de las recomendaciones que se realizan en los documentos institucionales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#44; no se suele realizar una evaluaci&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de la situaci&#243;n social de los pacientes que ingresan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio los cl&#237;nicos responsables del paciente desconoc&#237;an los resultados de los cuestionarios y escalas utilizadas&#44; y no se realiz&#243; ninguna intervenci&#243;n social accesoria a la que ellos solicitaron a los servicios sociales del centro&#46; Poco m&#225;s de la cuarta parte de los pacientes con problema&#47;riesgo social hab&#237;an consultado en alg&#250;n momento con los servicios sociales&#46; En un estudio realizado en un hospital andaluz con pacientes pluripatol&#243;gicos&#44; y debido a la precoz intervenci&#243;n de los servicios sociales&#44; la EH de los pacientes con riesgo&#47;problema social evaluada con la misma escala fue menor que los que no lo presentaban&#44; dato que incide en la trascendencia de su detecci&#243;n precoz<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio tiene una serie de limitaciones&#46; Se trata de un estudio realizado en un &#250;nico servicio de Neumolog&#237;a de un hospital de tercer nivel&#44; por lo que es posible que los resultados no sean extrapolables a otras series de pacientes con AEPOC graves que ingresan en otros centros o servicios diferentes&#44; como podr&#237;an ser Medicina Interna o Geriatr&#237;a&#44; habitualmente de mayor edad&#44; frecuencia de pluripatolog&#237;a y situaci&#243;n de dependencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; ninguna de estas caracter&#237;sticas en nuestro estudio se ha relacionado con una EHP&#46; Otra limitaci&#243;n es que se ha considerado una EHP a cualquiera superior a la mediana&#44; cuando no existen claras recomendaciones en las gu&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Una definici&#243;n diferente podr&#237;a suponer cambios en los predictores&#44; aunque el punto de corte de 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as ha sido el m&#225;s utilizado en la mayor parte de los estudios europeos con los que comparamos nuestros resultados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11-13</span></a>&#46; Por otra parte&#44; el uso de la mediana aumenta la potencia estad&#237;stica de las estimaciones al dividir la muestra en dos partes del mismo tama&#241;o muestral&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la utilizaci&#243;n de la media &#40;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as&#41; como punto de corte para la definici&#243;n de EHP no conllevaba un cambio importante de los principales resultados descritos &#40;datos no mostrados&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; el trabajo tiene una serie de fortalezas&#44; como que es el primero en el que personal experto ha registrado de forma sistem&#225;tica una amplia serie de variables cl&#237;nicas y del entorno social utilizando escalas&#44; &#237;ndices y cuestionarios recomendados en documentos institucionales de atenci&#243;n integrada de pacientes EPOC o pluripatol&#243;gicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#44;36</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; haber seleccionado los casos de manera consecutiva minimiza el sesgo de selecci&#243;n y garantiza la representatividad de los pacientes incluidos respecto a la poblaci&#243;n del &#225;rea a estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; en el presente estudio las variables predictoras independientes de la EHP son tanto de la esfera cl&#237;nica como de la social&#44; y son el h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico activo &#40;disminuye la estancia&#41;&#44; una puntuaci&#243;n en el CAT &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 y el encontrase en una situaci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema social mediante la escala sociofamiliar de Gij&#243;n&#46; Su evaluaci&#243;n en el momento del ingreso podr&#237;a ser de ayuda para predecir el riesgo de EHP y poner en marcha planes de actuaci&#243;n personalizados&#46; La novedad de estos resultados abre la v&#237;a a nuevos estudios en otros entornos y poblaciones que permitan confirmar los resultados descritos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio ha sido financiado mediante fondos obtenidos de las ayudas SEPAR 456&#47;2017&#44; FIS-ISCII PI18&#47;01317 &#40;FEDER&#41; y una colaboraci&#243;n no condicionada de la empresa Menarini&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar si existen factores sociales que influyan en la estancia hospitalaria prolongada &#40;EHP&#41; de pacientes con agudizaci&#243;n grave de EPOC &#40;AEPOC&#41;&#44; adem&#225;s de factores cl&#237;nico-demogr&#225;ficos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Metodolog&#237;a</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohortes prospectivo&#46; Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos que ingresaron por AEPOC en un servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#46; Se registraron variables demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas &#40;tabaquismo&#44; exacerbaciones e infecciones&#44; disnea&#44; impacto seg&#250;n cuestionario CAT&#44; funci&#243;n pulmonar&#44; comorbilidades&#44; oxigenoterapia y ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva&#41; y sociales &#40;situaci&#243;n econ&#243;mica&#44; disponibilidad y sobrecarga de cuidador&#44; dependencia en actividades b&#225;sicas e instrumentales&#44; riesgo social y uso de servicios sociales&#41;&#44; utilizando cuestionarios e &#237;ndices como Barthel&#44; Lawton-Brody&#44; Zarit&#44; Barber y Gij&#243;n&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis univariante y multivariante mediante un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 253 pacientes&#44; y la edad media fue de 68&#44;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46; El 77&#44;1&#37; fueron varones&#46; En el modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica se incluyeron tabaquismo activo&#44; valor del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#44; puntuaci&#243;n en CAT &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44; disnea 3-4 de la mMRC&#44; presencia de g&#233;rmenes en cultivos de esputo&#44; comorbilidad cardiovascular&#44; anemia&#44; oxigenoterapia domiciliaria&#44; vivir solo&#44; residencia en zona rural&#44; sobrecarga del cuidador y la detecci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema sociofamiliar&#46; Las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente con la posibilidad de una EHP fueron la puntuaci&#243;n en cuestionario CAT &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44;9&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04&#41; y la detecci&#243;n de riesgo&#47;problema sociofamiliar &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44;6&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;04&#41;&#46; Fumar activamente fue predictor de estancia m&#225;s breve &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;15&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variables relacionadas con la esfera social juegan un papel relevante en la estancia hospitalaria&#44; adem&#225;s del impacto de la enfermedad y la persistencia del tabaquismo en pacientes con AEPOC graves&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine whether there are social factors that affect the prolonged hospital stay &#40;PHS&#41; of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation &#40;COPDE&#41;&#44; as well as clinical-demographic factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methodology</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a prospective cohort study that consecutively included patients who were admitted to a Pneumology department for COPDE&#46; We recorded demographic&#44; clinical &#40;tobacco use&#44; exacerbations and infections&#44; dyspnoea&#44; impact according to CAT questionnaire&#44; pulmonary function&#44; comorbidities&#44; oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation&#41; and social &#40;financial status&#44; caregiver availability and overload&#44; dependence for basic and instrumental activities&#44; social risk and use of social services&#41; variables&#44; employing questionnaires and indices such as Barthel&#44; Lawton-Brody&#44; Zarit&#44; Barber and Gij&#243;n&#46; We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 253 patients&#44; with a mean age of 68&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>years&#59; 77&#46;1&#37; of whom were men&#46; The logistic regression model included active tobacco use&#44; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> value&#44; CAT score &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#44; dyspnoea 3-4 on the MMRC&#44; the presence of bacteria in sputum cultures&#44; cardiovascular comorbidity&#44; anaemia&#44; home oxygen therapy&#44; living alone&#44; rural residence&#44; caregiver overload and detecting social-family risks&#47;problems&#46; The variables independently associated with the possibility of PHS were a CAT score &#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 &#40;OR&#44; 8&#46;9&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;04&#41; and detecting a social-family risk&#47;problem &#40;OR&#44; 2&#46;6&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;04&#41;&#46; Active smoking was a predictor of shorter stays &#40;OR&#44; 0&#46;15&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;002&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variables related to the social sphere play a relevant role in hospital stays&#44; as do the impact of the disease and the persistent use of tobacco by patients with severe COPD exacerbation&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo var&#243;n&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">195 &#40;77&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97 &#40;77&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;76&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#44;9 &#177; 9&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#44;6 &#177; 10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#44;5 &#177; 9&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudios primarios&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">214 &#40;84&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">111 &#40;88&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;80&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residencia zona rural&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136 &#40;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;5 &#177; 6&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;8 &#177; 6&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#44;7 &#177; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IMC &#62; 30 kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;32&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;31&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tabaquismo activo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;37&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Paquetes-a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a&#44;b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#44;2 &#177; 29&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#44;9 &#177; 39&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;5 &#177; 35&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nunca fumadores&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;3&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;3&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ingesta elevada de alcohol&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;20&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;21&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Drogadicci&#243;n&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;9&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ingresos a&#241;o previo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8 &#177; 1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8 &#177; 1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8 &#177; 1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8805; 2 ingresos a&#241;o previo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;20&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;18&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;21&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;&#176; cultivos de esputo positivos en a&#241;o previo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7 &#177; 1&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;6 &#177; 1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;8 &#177; 1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pacientes con cultivos de esputo positivos en a&#241;o previo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;25&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;21&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;29&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vacunaci&#243;n gripe&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">211 &#40;83&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;81&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109 &#40;85&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vacunaci&#243;n neumoc&#243;cica&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;54&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ingreso en los meses fr&#237;os&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">154 &#40;60&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;56&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;64&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cifra de eosin&#243;filos en sangre &#40;totales&#47;&#956;l&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">110&#44;8 &#177; 225&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">120 &#177; 170&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#177; 360&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cifra de eosin&#243;filos en sangre &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9 &#177; 1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#177; 1&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;8 &#177; 1&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Puntuaci&#243;n en CAT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#177; 7&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#177; 7&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#44;1 &#177; 7&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Puntuaci&#243;n CAT &#62; 10&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">220 &#40;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103 &#40;82&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">117 &#40;91&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disnea seg&#250;n mMRC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;2 &#177; 0&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;1 &#177; 0&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;4 &#177; 0&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disnea seg&#250;n mMRC &#62; 2&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94 &#40;37&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;29&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;44&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valor de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;&#37; del te&#243;rico&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#44;1 &#177; 14&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#44;4 &#177; 15&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;6 &#177; 12&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valor de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;ml&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;132&#44;5 &#177; 466&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;164&#44;4 &#177; 480&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;100&#44;2 &#177; 51&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Valor de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#60; 50&#37; del te&#243;rico &#40;GOLD III-IV&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">177 &#40;71&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">85 &#40;68&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92 &#40;74&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice BODEX<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#177; 1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6 &#177; 1&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3 &#177; 1&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice BODEX &#8805; 5&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">96 &#40;38&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;33&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;44&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de Charlson<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;8 &#177; 0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7 &#177; 0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;8 &#177; 0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice Charlson &#40;&#8805; 2&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">132 &#40;52&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;50&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;53&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Indice de Charlson ajustado por edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2 &#177; 1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1 &#177; 1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2 &#177; 1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Enfermedad cardiovascular&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">90 &#40;35&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;30&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;40&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">57 &#40;22&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;22&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;22&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;25&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;20&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">39 &#40;30&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SAHS&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;20&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;20&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;19&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cuestionario Goldberg &#40;total&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;8 &#177; 3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;7 &#177; 3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;8 &#177; 4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ansiedad seg&#250;n cuestionario de Goldberg&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">112 &#40;44&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;42&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;47&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Depresi&#243;n seg&#250;n cuestionario de Goldberg&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">131 &#40;53&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;54&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">66 &#40;52&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oxigenoterapia domiciliaria&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;39&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;34&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;49&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva domiciliaria&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;16&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;16&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total&#40;253&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EH &#60; 7 d&#237;as&#40;125&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">EH &#8805; 7 d&#237;as&#40;128&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ingresos econ&#243;micos &#60; 800 &#8364;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136 &#40;55&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67 &#40;55&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69 &#40;55&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;96&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ausencia de sueldo&#44; pensi&#243;n o paga no contributiva&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;4&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Trabajan activamente&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;5&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;7&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Distancia al hospital &#62; 20 km&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;12&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;12&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uso de transporte propio&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">89 &#40;35&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;36&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;33&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Utilizaci&#243;n de recursos de Servicios Sociales&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;22&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;25&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vive solo&#47;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;21&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;16&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;25&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Duerme solo&#47;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63 &#40;24&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;20&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;28&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dispone de cuidador&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">117 &#40;49&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;43&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65 &#40;50&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cuidador &#40;no remunerado&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99 &#40;83&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;83&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;83&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Test de Zarit &#40;sobrecarga del cuidador&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b&#44;c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49&#44;2 &#177; 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53&#44;4 &#177; 15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Alguna sobrecarga &#40;test de Zarit&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dependencia seg&#250;n Barthel &#40;cualquiera&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cuestionario de Lawton y Brody<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Dependencia seg&#250;n Lawton y Brody&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cuestionario sociofamiliar de Gij&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Riesgo&#47;problema seg&#250;n cuestionario sociofamiliar de Gij&#243;n&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "Global burden of COPD"
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; L&#243;pez-Campos"
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                      "titulo" => "Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; &#8211; The Spanish COPD Guideline &#40;GesEPOC&#41;"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(17)30355-1"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
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                      "titulo" => "Association between length of stay and readmission for COPD"
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                            0 => "S&#46;T&#46; Rinne"
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Vol. 220. Núm. 2.
Páginas 79-85 (marzo 2020)
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83
Vol. 220. Núm. 2.
Páginas 79-85 (marzo 2020)
Original
Predictores sociales y clínicos asociados con estancia hospitalaria prolongada en pacientes con agudización grave de EPOC
Social and clinical predictors associated with prolonged hospital stays for patients with severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Visitas
83
S. Fernández-Garcíaa, C. Represas-Represasa, A. Ruano-Raviñab,c, M. Botana-Riala, C. Mouronte-Roibasa, C. Ramos-Hernándeza, A. Fernández Villara,
Autor para correspondencia
alberto.fernandez.villar@sergas.es

Autor para correspondencia.
a Grupo NeumoVigo I+i, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
b Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
c CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España
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Estadísticas
Tablas (2)
Tabla 1. Resumen de las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con estancia hospitalaria <7 días y ≥7 días
Tabla 2. Resumen de las características sociales de los pacientes con estancia hospitalaria <7 días y ≥7 días
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Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar si existen factores sociales que influyan en la estancia hospitalaria prolongada (EHP) de pacientes con agudización grave de EPOC (AEPOC), además de factores clínico-demográficos.

Metodología

Estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos que ingresaron por AEPOC en un servicio de Neumología. Se registraron variables demográficas, clínicas (tabaquismo, exacerbaciones e infecciones, disnea, impacto según cuestionario CAT, función pulmonar, comorbilidades, oxigenoterapia y ventilación no invasiva) y sociales (situación económica, disponibilidad y sobrecarga de cuidador, dependencia en actividades básicas e instrumentales, riesgo social y uso de servicios sociales), utilizando cuestionarios e índices como Barthel, Lawton-Brody, Zarit, Barber y Gijón. Se realizó un análisis univariante y multivariante mediante un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 253 pacientes, y la edad media fue de 68,9±9,8años. El 77,1% fueron varones. En el modelo de regresión logística se incluyeron tabaquismo activo, valor del FEV1, puntuación en CAT >10, disnea 3-4 de la mMRC, presencia de gérmenes en cultivos de esputo, comorbilidad cardiovascular, anemia, oxigenoterapia domiciliaria, vivir solo, residencia en zona rural, sobrecarga del cuidador y la detección de riesgo/problema sociofamiliar. Las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente con la posibilidad de una EHP fueron la puntuación en cuestionario CAT >10 (OR=8,9; p=0,04) y la detección de riesgo/problema sociofamiliar (OR=2,6; p=0,04). Fumar activamente fue predictor de estancia más breve (OR=0,15; p=0,002).

Conclusiones

Variables relacionadas con la esfera social juegan un papel relevante en la estancia hospitalaria, además del impacto de la enfermedad y la persistencia del tabaquismo en pacientes con AEPOC graves.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Exacerbaciones graves
Estancia hospitalaria
Perfil social
Abstract
Objective

To determine whether there are social factors that affect the prolonged hospital stay (PHS) of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation (COPDE), as well as clinical-demographic factors.

Methodology

We conducted a prospective cohort study that consecutively included patients who were admitted to a Pneumology department for COPDE. We recorded demographic, clinical (tobacco use, exacerbations and infections, dyspnoea, impact according to CAT questionnaire, pulmonary function, comorbidities, oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation) and social (financial status, caregiver availability and overload, dependence for basic and instrumental activities, social risk and use of social services) variables, employing questionnaires and indices such as Barthel, Lawton-Brody, Zarit, Barber and Gijón. We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression model.

Results

The study included 253 patients, with a mean age of 68.9±9.8years; 77.1% of whom were men. The logistic regression model included active tobacco use, FEV1 value, CAT score >10, dyspnoea 3-4 on the MMRC, the presence of bacteria in sputum cultures, cardiovascular comorbidity, anaemia, home oxygen therapy, living alone, rural residence, caregiver overload and detecting social-family risks/problems. The variables independently associated with the possibility of PHS were a CAT score >10 (OR, 8.9; P=.04) and detecting a social-family risk/problem (OR, 2.6; P=.04). Active smoking was a predictor of shorter stays (OR, 0.15; P=.002).

Conclusions

Variables related to the social sphere play a relevant role in hospital stays, as do the impact of the disease and the persistent use of tobacco by patients with severe COPD exacerbation.

Keywords:
COPD
Severe exacerbations
Hospital stay
Social sphere

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