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Vol. 221. Issue 9.
Pages 497-560 (November 2021)
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Vol. 221. Issue 9.
Pages 497-560 (November 2021)
Original article

Obesity is a chronic disease. Positioning statement of the Diabetes, Obesity and Nutrition Workgroup of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) for an approach centred on individuals with obesity

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica. Posicionamiento del grupo de trabajo de Diabetes, Obesidad y Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI) por un abordaje centrado en la persona con obesidad
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J. Carretero Gómeza,
Corresponding author
juanicarretero@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J. Enab, J.C. Arévalo Loridoa, J.M. Seguí Ripollc, F.J. Carrasco-Sánchezd, R. Gómez-Huelgase, M.I. Pérez Sotof, J. Delgado Listag, P. Pérez Martínezh, on behalf of the Diabetes, Obesity and Nutrition Workgroup of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Zafra, Badajoz, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Marina Baixa, Alicante, Spain
c Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
e Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga Institute of Biomedical (IBIMA), CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition – CIBERobn
f Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Vinalopó, Elche, Alicante, Spain
g Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
h Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Obesity is a chronic, complex and multifactorial metabolic disease involved in the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The care of individuals with obesity is an essential part of the holistic approach provided by internal medicine to patients.

Material and methods

Between September 2019 and January 2020, we distributed an online survey to the members of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine. We prepared a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis using the responses and, using the nominal group technique, developed the recommendations.

Results

We obtained 599 responses. The respondents mean age was 44.4 ± 11 years, and 52.1% were women. Some 91.8% of the internists evaluate their patients to rule out the comorbidities associated with obesity, mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus (96.2%), cardiovascular disease (88.9%) and obesity-associated hypoventilation syndrome (73%), among others. Some 79.9% provided indications on lifestyle changes. Some 64.1% and 74.9% of the respondents knew the indications for the drugs and bariatric surgery, respectively. Some 93.8% and 83% of the respondents considered obesity and excess weight a chronic disease, and 88.7% considered it a disease of specific interest to internists, who should take an active and leading role in its treatment (85.3%).

Conclusions

The objective of the present document is to determine the degree of understanding and sensitivity of internists regarding the management of obesity and to develop a consensus of recommendations for the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine based on the scientific evidence and the opinion of its members.

Keywords:
Obesity
Internal medicine
Chronic disease
Comorbidities
Resumen
Introducción

La obesidad es una enfermedad metabólica crónica, compleja y multifactorial, implicada en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer. Es necesario que la atención a las personas con obesidad sea una parte esencial de la visión integral que la medicina interna aporta a la persona enferma.

Material y métodos

Entre septiembre de 2019 y enero de 2020 se difundió una encuesta en línea a los socios de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna; se elaboró un análisis DAFO con las respuestas y, mediante la técnica de Grupo Nominal, se elaboraron las recomendaciones.

Resultados

Obtuvimos 599 respuestas. Edad media 44,4 + 11 años, 52,1% mujeres. El 91,8% de los internistas evalúa a los pacientes para descartar las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad, principalmente la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (96,2%), la enfermedad cardiovascular (88,9%) o el síndrome de hipoventilación asociada a obesidad (73%), entre otros. El 79,9% proporciona indicaciones sobre modificación del estilo de vida. El 64,1% y el 74,9% conoce las indicaciones de los fármacos y de la cirugía bariatrica respectivamente. El 93,8% y el 83% considera la obesidad y el sobrepeso una enfermedad crónica y el 88,7% una patología propia del internista, debiendo tener un papel activo y protagonista en su tratamiento (85,3%).

Conclusiones

El objetivo del presente documento es dar a conocer el grado de conocimiento y de sensibilidad de los internistas frente al manejo de la obesidad y elaborar un consenso de recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna basadas en la evidencia científica y en la opinión de sus miembros.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Medicina interna
Enfermedad crónica
Comorbilidades

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