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array:24 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300991" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-11-01" "aid" => "1419" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:454-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 2 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0014256517301789" "issn" => "00142565" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.07.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-11-01" "aid" => "1419" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:454-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 125 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 82 "PDF" => 43 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Impacto de una intervención de «no hacer» en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "459" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Impact of a do-not-do intervention on 12 laboratory measurements" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 665 "Ancho" => 1595 "Tamanyo" => 51067 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Reducción porcentual de las determinaciones analíticas (2015-2016) diferenciadas por hospitales.</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HAR: Hospital de Alta Resolución; HC: Hospital comarcal.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.L. Zambrana-García, C. Macías Blanco, A. Fernández-Suárez, A. Peñacoba Masa, M.J. Olivares Durán, J.M. Aguilar Benítez, J.L. Zambrana-Luque" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Zambrana-García" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Macías Blanco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Suárez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Peñacoba Masa" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Olivares Durán" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Aguilar Benítez" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Zambrana-Luque" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300991" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.09.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417300991?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517301789?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000008/v1_201710301405/S0014256517301789/v1_201710301405/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887417301121" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.04.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-11-01" "aid" => "1397" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:464-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 1 "PDF" => 2 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>" "titulo" => "Peripheral venous catheter, a dangerous weapon. Key points to improve its use" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "464" "paginaFinal" => "467" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Catéter venoso periférico, un arma peligrosa. Puntos clave para mejorar su uso" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Capdevila-Reniu, J.A. Capdevila" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Capdevila-Reniu" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Capdevila" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256517301248" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.04.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517301248?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417301121?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000021700000008/v1_201710301109/S2254887417301121/v1_201710301109/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887417301054" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.07.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-11-01" "aid" => "1423" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:446-53" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 1 "PDF" => 3 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "RECALMIN II. Eight years of hospitalization in Internal Medicine Units (2007–2014). What has changed?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "446" "paginaFinal" => "453" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "RECALMIN II. Ocho años de hospitalización en las Unidades de Medicina Interna (2007-2014). ¿Qué ha cambiado?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Zapatero-Gaviria, R. Barba-Martín, J. Canora Lebrato, C. Fernández-Pérez, R. Gómez-Huelgas, J.L. Bernal-Sobrino, J. Díez-Manglano, J. Marco-Martínez, F.J. Elola-Somoza" "autores" => array:9 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Zapatero-Gaviria" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Barba-Martín" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Canora Lebrato" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Pérez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Gómez-Huelgas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Bernal-Sobrino" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Díez-Manglano" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Marco-Martínez" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Elola-Somoza" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256517301820" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.07.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517301820?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417301054?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000021700000008/v1_201710301109/S2254887417301054/v1_201710301109/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Impact of a do-not-do intervention on 12 laboratory measurements" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "459" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.L. Zambrana-García, C. Macías Blanco, A. Fernández-Suárez, A. Peñacoba Masa, M.J. Olivares Durán, J.M. Aguilar Benítez, J.L. Zambrana-Luque" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Zambrana-García" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jlzambrana@ephag.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Macías Blanco" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Fernández-Suárez" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Peñacoba Masa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Olivares Durán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Aguilar Benítez" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Zambrana-Luque" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Coordinación Asistencial, Hospital de Montilla, Montilla, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital de Montilla, Montilla, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital Alto Guadalquivir, Andújar, Jaén, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital Valle del Guadiato, Peñarroya, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución de Puente Genil, Puente Genil, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Sierra de Segura, Puente Génave, Jaén, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Alcalá la Real, Alcalá la Real, Jaén, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Alcaudete, Alcaudete, Jaén, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Impacto de una intervención de «no hacer» en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 665 "Ancho" => 1595 "Tamanyo" => 50183 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage reduction in laboratory measurements (2015–2016) differentiated by hospital. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: HRH, high-resolution hospital; RH, regional hospital.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Background</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In April 2013, the Ministry of Health presented the initiative known as “Commitment to the Quality of Spanish Scientific Societies”, whose main objective is to decrease the use of unnecessary healthcare interventions, defined as those that have not shown efficacy, have little or questionable effectiveness or priority or are not cost-effective. This project sought the collaboration and joint effort of Spanish scientific societies for the continuous improvement of the quality of healthcare. To this end, each society established 5 “do-not-do” recommendations based on a preliminary list of scientific, evidence-based recommendations obtained from clinical practice guidelines as the main source. The results so far are more than 140 recommendations proposed by 28 Spanish scientific societies. Approximately 20% of these recommendations refer to laboratory tests.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meanwhile, various societies have established a series of recommendations regarding the minimum intervals for repeating laboratory tests, based on the best current evidence and healthcare practices. One of the most common causes of inadequacy in laboratory measurements is the repetition of requests, which has been estimated at 16–30% of all tests performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In overall terms, the impact of do-not-do recommendations on the daily conduct of health care is poorly known, and there are few studies on this topic.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Setting</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in the 7 public hospitals managed by the Guadalquivir Healthcare Agency (Government of Andalusia), distributed in the provinces of Cordoba (Hospital of Montilla; High-resolution Hospital of Puente Genil; and High-resolution Hospital Valle del Guadiato, Peñarroya) and Jaen (Hospital Alto Guadalquivir, Andújar; High-resolution Hospital of Sierra de Segura, Puente Génave; High-resolution Hospital of Alcala la Real; and High-resolution Hospital of Alcaudete), which provide care for an estimated 252,000 individuals. The hospitals of Montilla and Alto Guadalquivir are regional hospitals, and the rest are of high-resolution hospitals. The difference between the 2 types of hospitals lies in the portfolio of services. The latter group is more limited because it does not provide conventional hospitalization, intensive care units or birthing care.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a preintervention and postintervention study. In an initial phase, a multidisciplinary group was formed with physicians from the hospitals and from primary care (specialists in internal medicine, hematology, clinical analysis, emergency care and family and community medicine). This group selected the societies’ do-not-do recommendations focused on laboratory measurements, following a nominal group technique. The selection of these laboratory tests was based on, among other aspects, the characteristics of the hospitals and their area of influence, the prevalence of the treated diseases, the specialties in the various hospitals and the ease of assessing the implemented changes. Likewise, the group used a consensus that determined the recommended intervals for repeating laboratory tests.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recommendations regarding the plasma measurements selected for the intervention were the following:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1.</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thyroid hormones thyroxine-3 (T3) and thyroxine-4 (T4) measurements were only performed when thyrotropin (TSH) levels were altered (Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2.</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be maintained (Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3.</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serological tumor markers will not be requested as population screening (unless the population belongs to the defined risk groups for each type of tumor). The markers included in this group were prostate antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigens (AC) 19.9, CA 125 and CA 15.3 (Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4.</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antigliadin antibodies will not be used for diagnosing celiac disease (Spanish Society of Gastrointestinal Disease).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5.</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 2 months between 2 consecutive measurements of TSH will be maintained (Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6.</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of ferritin will be maintained (Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis).</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7.</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Plasma urea concentrations will not be measured in those cases in which creatinine is simultaneously analyzed, except in cases of suspected gastrointestinal hemorrhage or when nitrogen metabolism needs to be calculated (recommendation raised by the constituted workgroup, considering the frequent request and questionable usefulness of this measurement if determined simultaneously with serum creatinine).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the list was created, it was distributed by e-mail to the physicians along with a presentation in a clinical session by units and centers. Both measures explained what constituted the initiative “Commitment for Quality of the Scientific Societies” of the Ministry of Health, as well as the relationship of selected laboratory tests. A 2-month period was established for clarifications and claims that the staff considered necessary. This process ensured the dissemination of the project, a better understanding of the recommendations under analysis and increased support for practitioners. This initial phase lasted from October 1 to December 31, 2015.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally, a before-after study was designed to compare the number of measurements performed by our laboratories during 2015 versus the number performed during the same period in 2016. In addition, the cost of these measurements for both periods and the changes produced were analyzed. For the latter, the cost per relative unit of value for each test and center was employed through analytical accounting.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data analysis was conducted using a descriptive study of the study population variables. The data are expressed in absolute figures of the measurements performed (total and broken down by test type) in both periods.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> indicates the number of plasma readings performed in 2015 and 2016, as well as the reduction achieved in absolute numbers and percentages. In overall numbers, 55,902 fewer measurements were performed (−19% compared with 2015). This reduction occurred mainly in plasma urea (−50.3%) and tumor marker CA 125 (−16%).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> lists the unit cost for each test, the expenses generated in 2015 and 2016 and the savings. The reduction in expenditure was €82,100 (−7.1%). This savings was mainly achieved by reducing the number of urea (savings of €21,002) and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (savings of €12,716) readings.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a> shows the reduction in the number of requests before and after the intervention. Each hospital had a different behavior; however, the reduction was more uniform in the regional hospitals (between −13% and −18%) and more disparate in the high-resolution hospitals (between −6% and −46%). There were no incidents or claims from staff or users regarding the implemented measures.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that adopting do-not-do recommendations involves rationing laboratory measurements and expenditures. We have not found similar studies in the literature, except for one that focused exclusively on tumor markers.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> There could be various reasons for this lack of studies: the diversity of current recommendations and their recent publication, the various specialties involved, the unknown degree of penetration of these recommendations among medical personnel and the difficulty in measuring the implemented changes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most noteworthy reduction in the number of measurements was for plasma urea, a result that was somewhat expected, given that there is an alternative reading (the one for creatinine) for determining renal function. However, there was not as significant a reduction in the request for tumor markers as that observed in other studies in our setting.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This could be partly explained by the entrenchment that persists among practitioners on the usefulness of tumor markers as screening<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and by the lack of knowledge of the do-not-do recommendations. In a recent survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, almost 60% of those surveyed were unaware of the recommendations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that the massive incorporation into clinical laboratories of electronic request systems, based on the electronic medical history or laboratory information system, has been a stimulus for the widespread use of tools for automated control of demand, which led our group to opt for implementing the do-not-do recommendations for laboratory tests. Through appropriate programming, we can exclude certain requests performed repeatedly over shorter time intervals than recommended. These measures have been shown to be particularly effective in reducing the number of unnecessary laboratory measurements.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> The measures include the automatic and irrevocable blocking of requested laboratory tests that are considered unnecessary; leaving the ultimate decision up to the discretion of the requesting physician once they have been warned of a repeated laboratory test; or a mixed system, as performed in this study, which consists of the automatic blocking of a measurement, if there was already a recent measurement. The measurement could ultimately be conducted if the requesting physician justified its necessity. The use of blocking requires less maintenance effort by the laboratory, and its effect is more sustained over time by not depending on environmental factors such as the relaxation of habits among requesting physicians or changes in the medical staff. Along with this, the flexibility of giving the requesting physician the last word in revoking the do-not-do order allows for specific exceptions to be made under necessary conditions, as occurs with TSH and glycated hemoglobin readings for pregnant women.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The elimination of unnecessary medical care and its optimization have received increasing attention by health systems in recent decades. In the United States, the “Choosing Wisely” movement emerged in 2012, whose main objective (more than reducing the cost of health care) was to provide greater value to medical care and reduce the potential risks to patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The campaign's central objective was to imbue healthcare with prudence, from both the practitioner's and patient's point of view. To this end, we need to change the culture of medical care that historically is accompanied by unnecessary additional tests, procedures and treatments.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a> The culture is fed by patients’ expectations, the fear of allowing a possible diagnosis to slip by, the possibility of being accused of negligence, the training based on recommendations by reputable individuals and the desire to avoid telling patients that they do not need a specific test or treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14,15</span></a> Avoiding repeated laboratory tests does not increase mortality or eliminate information that could be important for the patient's clinical diagnosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16,17</span></a> Therefore, a reduction in the number of requested tests, provided it is performed reasonably, should not raise concern in terms of reduced quality in the provided care.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that for the do-not-do culture to spread among practitioners and patients, we need to understand that “more” is not always better. To this end, communication between physicians and patients needs to be fluid. Physicians cannot do this alone; they need the involvement and understanding of patients and citizens. The success of this campaign can only be achieved with an educational effort targeted at patients and citizens that properly explains the initiative. Terms such as “appropriate care”, “preventing harm” and “smart decisions” seem to appeal to practitioners and patients compared with terms such as “resources”, “savings” and “cost”, although this can differ from one country to another.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 most important limitations of this study are as follows: First, the degree of appropriateness of not conducting certain tests is unknown, although the fact that no incident related to the adopted measures was detected could be an indication that this difficulty is irrelevant. Second, given that this was a retrospective study, we could not analyze the changes in the number of requests for tests as a function of the petitioner's origin, because the name of the physician who requested the test was not recorded at the time the request was made. Lastly, by resorting to relative units of value to calculate the cost and savings of tests, we could not establish the actual savings, although we could provide an approximation of the costs.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, reaching a consensus and implementing recommendations regarding unnecessary tests and treatments is feasible and reduces unnecessary expenditures. This initiative is also live and open and can incorporate new and varied recommendations in the future.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres932890" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907299" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres932891" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907298" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Setting" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Design" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-03-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-07-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907299" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Patient safety" 1 => "Overuse" 2 => "Costs" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec907298" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Seguridad del paciente" 1 => "Sobreutilización" 2 => "Costes" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, various scientific societies and healthcare organizations have created recommendations aimed at decreasing the use of healthcare interventions that have shown no efficacy or effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Before-after study conducted in 7 hospital centers of Cordoba and Jaen during 2015 and 2016. Based on the recommendations of existing scientific societies, a consensus was reached on various actions regarding laboratory measurements. We analyzed the number and cost of measuring 6 tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate-specific antigen, carbohydrate antigen [CA] 15.3, CA 125, CA 19.9 and alpha-fetoprotein), thyrotropin, T3, T4, glycated hemoglobin, urea, ferritin and antigliadin antibodies, before and after implementing the consensus.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compared with the previous year, there were 55,902 fewer laboratory measurements (–19%) in 2016, with an overall savings of €82,100. The reduction in the number of measurements occurred mainly in plasma urea (–50.3%) and in the tumor markers CA 125 (–16%), CA 19.9 (–11.6%) and CA 15.3 (–10.5%). The most pronounced savings were achieved in the measurements of urea (–€21,002), thyroid hormones (–€12,716) and thyrotropin (–€7638).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The adoption and consensus of do-not-do recommendations among healthcare levels resulted in a significant reduction in unnecessary measurements.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los últimos años distintas sociedades científicas y organizaciones sanitarias han generado recomendaciones orientadas a disminuir las intervenciones sanitarias que no han demostrado eficacia o efectividad. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de una intervención acerca de 12 recomendaciones de «no hacer» referidas al laboratorio en 7 centros hospitalarios.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio antes-después llevado a cabo en 7 centros hospitalarios de Córdoba y Jaén durante los años 2015 y 2016. Se consensuaron según las recomendaciones de las sociedades científicas existentes diferentes actuaciones referidas a determinaciones de laboratorio. Se analizaron el número y coste de las determinaciones de 6 marcadores tumorales [(antígeno carcinoembrionario, antígeno prostático específico, antígeno carbohidrato (CA) 15.3, CA 125, CA 19.9 y alfa-fetoproteína)], tirotropina, T3, T4, hemoglobina glicada, urea, ferritina y anticuerpos antigliadina, antes y después de la implantación del consenso.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se dejaron de hacer en el año 2016 respecto al año anterior 55.902 determinaciones de laboratorio (–19%), con un ahorro global de 82.100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>€. La reducción en el número de determinaciones se produjo principalmente en la urea plasmática (–50,3%) y en los marcadores tumorales CA 125 (–16%), CA 19.9 (–11,6%) y CA 15.3 (–10,5%). El ahorro más acusado se obtuvo en la determinación de urea (–21.002<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>€), en la de hormonas tiroideas (–12.716<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>€) y tirotropina (–7.638<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>€).</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La adopción y consenso de recomendaciones de «no hacer» entre niveles asistenciales conlleva una reducción significativa de las determinaciones innecesarias.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Zambrana-García JL, Macías Blanco C, Fernández-Suárez A, Peñacoba Masa A, Olivares Durán MJ, Aguilar Benítez JM, et al. Impacto de una intervención de «no hacer» en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio. Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:454–459.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">This study was presented orally at the 20th National Congress of Hospitals, Seville, March 2017.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 665 "Ancho" => 1595 "Tamanyo" => 50183 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage reduction in laboratory measurements (2015–2016) differentiated by hospital. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: HRH, high-resolution hospital; RH, regional hospital.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: Ab, antibodies; CA, carbohydrate antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Ig, immunoglobulin; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; T3, thyroxine-3; T4, thyroxine-4; TSH, thyrotropin.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of measurements in 2015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of measurements in 2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absolute difference 2015–2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage difference 2015–2016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">24,425 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">23,760 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">665 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−2.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH (thyrotropin) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">70,845 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">68,791 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2054 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−2.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">free T3-T4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">19,440 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">17,301 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferritin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">46,017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45,699 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">318 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CEA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5539 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">5274 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">265 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−4.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16,512 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">15,794 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">718 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−4.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alpha-fetoprotein \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3399 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3024 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">375 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3450 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3049 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">401 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−11.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 125 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2975 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2499 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">476 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 15.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2764 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2473 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">291 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−10.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95,629 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">47,490 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48,139 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−50.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antigliadin IgA-IgG Ab \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1068 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−5.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">292,123 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">236,221 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55,902 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1576662.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total number of laboratory measurements performed in 2015 and 2016, difference between the 2 years and percentage change.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: Ab, antibodies; CA, carbohydrate antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; Ig, immunoglobulin; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; T3, thyroxine-3; T4, thyroxine-4; TSH, thyrotropin.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015 Cost, euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 Cost, euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015–2016 savings, euros \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015–2016 percentage difference \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">109,281 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">105,236 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−3.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">260,536 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">252,898 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7638 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−2.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Free T3 and T4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">102,302 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">89,586 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">12,716 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−12.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferritin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">277,666 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">275,624 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2042 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CEA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">54,870 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">51,044 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3826 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">99,723 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">95,882 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">3841 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−3.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alpha-fetoprotein \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">52,246 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">45,053 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7193 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−13.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">50,455 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44,347 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">6108 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−12.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>125 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">44,141 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">36,593 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">7548 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−17.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">16,502 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">14,409 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">2093 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−12.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">42,740 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21,738 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">21,002 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−49.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antigliadin IgA-IgG Ab \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">43,330 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">39,282 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">4048 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−9.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,153,792 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">1,071,692 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">82,100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−7.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1576663.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total number of laboratory measurements performed in 2015 and 2016 and the resulting savings.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Compromiso por la Calidad de las Sociedades Científicas en España" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. 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