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The results so far are more than 140 recommendations proposed by 28 Spanish scientific societies&#46; Approximately 20&#37; of these recommendations refer to laboratory tests&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meanwhile&#44; various societies have established a series of recommendations regarding the minimum intervals for repeating laboratory tests&#44; based on the best current evidence and healthcare practices&#46; One of the most common causes of inadequacy in laboratory measurements is the repetition of requests&#44; which has been estimated at 16&#8211;30&#37; of all tests performed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In overall terms&#44; the impact of do-not-do recommendations on the daily conduct of health care is poorly known&#44; and there are few studies on this topic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Setting</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in the 7 public hospitals managed by the Guadalquivir Healthcare Agency &#40;Government of Andalusia&#41;&#44; distributed in the provinces of Cordoba &#40;Hospital of Montilla&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Puente Genil&#59; and High-resolution Hospital Valle del Guadiato&#44; Pe&#241;arroya&#41; and Jaen &#40;Hospital Alto Guadalquivir&#44; And&#250;jar&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Sierra de Segura&#44; Puente G&#233;nave&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Alcala la Real&#59; and High-resolution Hospital of Alcaudete&#41;&#44; which provide care for an estimated 252&#44;000 individuals&#46; The hospitals of Montilla and Alto Guadalquivir are regional hospitals&#44; and the rest are of high-resolution hospitals&#46; The difference between the 2 types of hospitals lies in the portfolio of services&#46; The latter group is more limited because it does not provide conventional hospitalization&#44; intensive care units or birthing care&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a preintervention and postintervention study&#46; In an initial phase&#44; a multidisciplinary group was formed with physicians from the hospitals and from primary care &#40;specialists in internal medicine&#44; hematology&#44; clinical analysis&#44; emergency care and family and community medicine&#41;&#46; This group selected the societies&#8217; do-not-do recommendations focused on laboratory measurements&#44; following a nominal group technique&#46; The selection of these laboratory tests was based on&#44; among other aspects&#44; the characteristics of the hospitals and their area of influence&#44; the prevalence of the treated diseases&#44; the specialties in the various hospitals and the ease of assessing the implemented changes&#46; Likewise&#44; the group used a consensus that determined the recommended intervals for repeating laboratory tests&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recommendations regarding the plasma measurements selected for the intervention were the following&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thyroid hormones thyroxine-3 &#40;T3&#41; and thyroxine-4 &#40;T4&#41; measurements were only performed when thyrotropin &#40;TSH&#41; levels were altered &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of glycated hemoglobin &#40;HbA1c&#41; will be maintained &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serological tumor markers will not be requested as population screening &#40;unless the population belongs to the defined risk groups for each type of tumor&#41;&#46; The markers included in this group were prostate antigen&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen &#40;CEA&#41;&#44; alpha-fetoprotein&#44; carbohydrate antigens &#40;AC&#41; 19&#46;9&#44; CA 125 and CA 15&#46;3 &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detection of immunoglobulin A &#40;IgA&#41; and immunoglobulin G &#40;IgG&#41; antigliadin antibodies will not be used for diagnosing celiac disease &#40;Spanish Society of Gastrointestinal Disease&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 2 months between 2 consecutive measurements of TSH will be maintained &#40;Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of ferritin will be maintained &#40;Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Plasma urea concentrations will not be measured in those cases in which creatinine is simultaneously analyzed&#44; except in cases of suspected gastrointestinal hemorrhage or when nitrogen metabolism needs to be calculated &#40;recommendation raised by the constituted workgroup&#44; considering the frequent request and questionable usefulness of this measurement if determined simultaneously with serum creatinine&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the list was created&#44; it was distributed by e-mail to the physicians along with a presentation in a clinical session by units and centers&#46; Both measures explained what constituted the initiative &#8220;Commitment for Quality of the Scientific Societies&#8221; of the Ministry of Health&#44; as well as the relationship of selected laboratory tests&#46; A 2-month period was established for clarifications and claims that the staff considered necessary&#46; This process ensured the dissemination of the project&#44; a better understanding of the recommendations under analysis and increased support for practitioners&#46; This initial phase lasted from October 1 to December 31&#44; 2015&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; a before-after study was designed to compare the number of measurements performed by our laboratories during 2015 versus the number performed during the same period in 2016&#46; In addition&#44; the cost of these measurements for both periods and the changes produced were analyzed&#46; For the latter&#44; the cost per relative unit of value for each test and center was employed through analytical accounting&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data analysis was conducted using a descriptive study of the study population variables&#46; The data are expressed in absolute figures of the measurements performed &#40;total and broken down by test type&#41; in both periods&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> indicates the number of plasma readings performed in 2015 and 2016&#44; as well as the reduction achieved in absolute numbers and percentages&#46; In overall numbers&#44; 55&#44;902 fewer measurements were performed &#40;&#8722;19&#37; compared with 2015&#41;&#46; This reduction occurred mainly in plasma urea &#40;&#8722;50&#46;3&#37;&#41; and tumor marker CA 125 &#40;&#8722;16&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> lists the unit cost for each test&#44; the expenses generated in 2015 and 2016 and the savings&#46; The reduction in expenditure was &#8364;82&#44;100 &#40;&#8722;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; This savings was mainly achieved by reducing the number of urea &#40;savings of &#8364;21&#44;002&#41; and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 &#40;savings of &#8364;12&#44;716&#41; readings&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the reduction in the number of requests before and after the intervention&#46; Each hospital had a different behavior&#59; however&#44; the reduction was more uniform in the regional hospitals &#40;between &#8722;13&#37; and &#8722;18&#37;&#41; and more disparate in the high-resolution hospitals &#40;between &#8722;6&#37; and &#8722;46&#37;&#41;&#46; There were no incidents or claims from staff or users regarding the implemented measures&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that adopting do-not-do recommendations involves rationing laboratory measurements and expenditures&#46; We have not found similar studies in the literature&#44; except for one that focused exclusively on tumor markers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> There could be various reasons for this lack of studies&#58; the diversity of current recommendations and their recent publication&#44; the various specialties involved&#44; the unknown degree of penetration of these recommendations among medical personnel and the difficulty in measuring the implemented changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most noteworthy reduction in the number of measurements was for plasma urea&#44; a result that was somewhat expected&#44; given that there is an alternative reading &#40;the one for creatinine&#41; for determining renal function&#46; However&#44; there was not as significant a reduction in the request for tumor markers as that observed in other studies in our setting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This could be partly explained by the entrenchment that persists among practitioners on the usefulness of tumor markers as screening<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and by the lack of knowledge of the do-not-do recommendations&#46; In a recent survey conducted by the Ministry of Health&#44; almost 60&#37; of those surveyed were unaware of the recommendations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that the massive incorporation into clinical laboratories of electronic request systems&#44; based on the electronic medical history or laboratory information system&#44; has been a stimulus for the widespread use of tools for automated control of demand&#44; which led our group to opt for implementing the do-not-do recommendations for laboratory tests&#46; Through appropriate programming&#44; we can exclude certain requests performed repeatedly over shorter time intervals than recommended&#46; These measures have been shown to be particularly effective in reducing the number of unnecessary laboratory measurements&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> The measures include the automatic and irrevocable blocking of requested laboratory tests that are considered unnecessary&#59; leaving the ultimate decision up to the discretion of the requesting physician once they have been warned of a repeated laboratory test&#59; or a mixed system&#44; as performed in this study&#44; which consists of the automatic blocking of a measurement&#44; if there was already a recent measurement&#46; The measurement could ultimately be conducted if the requesting physician justified its necessity&#46; The use of blocking requires less maintenance effort by the laboratory&#44; and its effect is more sustained over time by not depending on environmental factors such as the relaxation of habits among requesting physicians or changes in the medical staff&#46; Along with this&#44; the flexibility of giving the requesting physician the last word in revoking the do-not-do order allows for specific exceptions to be made under necessary conditions&#44; as occurs with TSH and glycated hemoglobin readings for pregnant women&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The elimination of unnecessary medical care and its optimization have received increasing attention by health systems in recent decades&#46; In the United States&#44; the &#8220;Choosing Wisely&#8221; movement emerged in 2012&#44; whose main objective &#40;more than reducing the cost of health care&#41; was to provide greater value to medical care and reduce the potential risks to patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The campaign&#39;s central objective was to imbue healthcare with prudence&#44; from both the practitioner&#39;s and patient&#39;s point of view&#46; To this end&#44; we need to change the culture of medical care that historically is accompanied by unnecessary additional tests&#44; procedures and treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> The culture is fed by patients&#8217; expectations&#44; the fear of allowing a possible diagnosis to slip by&#44; the possibility of being accused of negligence&#44; the training based on recommendations by reputable individuals and the desire to avoid telling patients that they do not need a specific test or treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Avoiding repeated laboratory tests does not increase mortality or eliminate information that could be important for the patient&#39;s clinical diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a> Therefore&#44; a reduction in the number of requested tests&#44; provided it is performed reasonably&#44; should not raise concern in terms of reduced quality in the provided care&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that for the do-not-do culture to spread among practitioners and patients&#44; we need to understand that &#8220;more&#8221; is not always better&#46; To this end&#44; communication between physicians and patients needs to be fluid&#46; Physicians cannot do this alone&#59; they need the involvement and understanding of patients and citizens&#46; The success of this campaign can only be achieved with an educational effort targeted at patients and citizens that properly explains the initiative&#46; Terms such as &#8220;appropriate care&#8221;&#44; &#8220;preventing harm&#8221; and &#8220;smart decisions&#8221; seem to appeal to practitioners and patients compared with terms such as &#8220;resources&#8221;&#44; &#8220;savings&#8221; and &#8220;cost&#8221;&#44; although this can differ from one country to another&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 most important limitations of this study are as follows&#58; First&#44; the degree of appropriateness of not conducting certain tests is unknown&#44; although the fact that no incident related to the adopted measures was detected could be an indication that this difficulty is irrelevant&#46; Second&#44; given that this was a retrospective study&#44; we could not analyze the changes in the number of requests for tests as a function of the petitioner&#39;s origin&#44; because the name of the physician who requested the test was not recorded at the time the request was made&#46; Lastly&#44; by resorting to relative units of value to calculate the cost and savings of tests&#44; we could not establish the actual savings&#44; although we could provide an approximation of the costs&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; reaching a consensus and implementing recommendations regarding unnecessary tests and treatments is feasible and reduces unnecessary expenditures&#46; This initiative is also live and open and can incorporate new and varied recommendations in the future&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; various scientific societies and healthcare organizations have created recommendations aimed at decreasing the use of healthcare interventions that have shown no efficacy or effectiveness&#46; The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Before-after study conducted in 7 hospital centers of Cordoba and Jaen during 2015 and 2016&#46; Based on the recommendations of existing scientific societies&#44; a consensus was reached on various actions regarding laboratory measurements&#46; We analyzed the number and cost of measuring 6 tumor markers &#40;carcinoembryonic antigen&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#44; carbohydrate antigen &#91;CA&#93; 15&#46;3&#44; CA 125&#44; CA 19&#46;9 and alpha-fetoprotein&#41;&#44; thyrotropin&#44; T3&#44; T4&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#44; urea&#44; ferritin and antigliadin antibodies&#44; before and after implementing the consensus&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compared with the previous year&#44; there were 55&#44;902 fewer laboratory measurements &#40;&#8211;19&#37;&#41; in 2016&#44; with an overall savings of &#8364;82&#44;100&#46; The reduction in the number of measurements occurred mainly in plasma urea &#40;&#8211;50&#46;3&#37;&#41; and in the tumor markers CA 125 &#40;&#8211;16&#37;&#41;&#44; CA 19&#46;9 &#40;&#8211;11&#46;6&#37;&#41; and CA 15&#46;3 &#40;&#8211;10&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; The most pronounced savings were achieved in the measurements of urea &#40;&#8211;&#8364;21&#44;002&#41;&#44; thyroid hormones &#40;&#8211;&#8364;12&#44;716&#41; and thyrotropin &#40;&#8211;&#8364;7638&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The adoption and consensus of do-not-do recommendations among healthcare levels resulted in a significant reduction in unnecessary measurements&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os distintas sociedades cient&#237;ficas y organizaciones sanitarias han generado recomendaciones orientadas a disminuir las intervenciones sanitarias que no han demostrado eficacia o efectividad&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de una intervenci&#243;n acerca de 12 recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187; referidas al laboratorio en 7 centros hospitalarios&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio antes-despu&#233;s llevado a cabo en 7 centros hospitalarios de C&#243;rdoba y Ja&#233;n durante los a&#241;os 2015 y 2016&#46; Se consensuaron seg&#250;n las recomendaciones de las sociedades cient&#237;ficas existentes diferentes actuaciones referidas a determinaciones de laboratorio&#46; Se analizaron el n&#250;mero y coste de las determinaciones de 6 marcadores tumorales &#91;&#40;ant&#237;geno carcinoembrionario&#44; ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico&#44; ant&#237;geno carbohidrato &#40;CA&#41; 15&#46;3&#44; CA 125&#44; CA 19&#46;9 y alfa-fetoprote&#237;na&#41;&#93;&#44; tirotropina&#44; T3&#44; T4&#44; hemoglobina glicada&#44; urea&#44; ferritina y anticuerpos antigliadina&#44; antes y despu&#233;s de la implantaci&#243;n del consenso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se dejaron de hacer en el a&#241;o 2016 respecto al a&#241;o anterior 55&#46;902 determinaciones de laboratorio &#40;&#8211;19&#37;&#41;&#44; con un ahorro global de 82&#46;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#46; La reducci&#243;n en el n&#250;mero de determinaciones se produjo principalmente en la urea plasm&#225;tica &#40;&#8211;50&#44;3&#37;&#41; y en los marcadores tumorales CA 125 &#40;&#8211;16&#37;&#41;&#44; CA 19&#46;9 &#40;&#8211;11&#44;6&#37;&#41; y CA 15&#46;3 &#40;&#8211;10&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; El ahorro m&#225;s acusado se obtuvo en la determinaci&#243;n de urea &#40;&#8211;21&#46;002<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41;&#44; en la de hormonas tiroideas &#40;&#8211;12&#46;716<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41; y tirotropina &#40;&#8211;7&#46;638<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La adopci&#243;n y consenso de recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187; entre niveles asistenciales conlleva una reducci&#243;n significativa de las determinaciones innecesarias&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Zambrana-Garc&#237;a JL&#44; Mac&#237;as Blanco C&#44; Fern&#225;ndez-Su&#225;rez A&#44; Pe&#241;acoba Masa A&#44; Olivares Dur&#225;n MJ&#44; Aguilar Ben&#237;tez JM&#44; et al&#46; Impacto de una intervenci&#243;n de &#171;no hacer&#187; en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2017&#59;217&#58;454&#8211;459&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">This study was presented orally at the 20th National Congress of Hospitals&#44; Seville&#44; March 2017&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage reduction in laboratory measurements &#40;2015&#8211;2016&#41; differentiated by hospital&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; HRH&#44; high-resolution hospital&#59; RH&#44; regional hospital&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; Ab&#44; antibodies&#59; CA&#44; carbohydrate antigen&#59; CEA&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen&#59; HbA1c&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#59; Ig&#44; immunoglobulin&#59; PSA&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#59; T3&#44; thyroxine-3&#59; T4&#44; thyroxine-4&#59; TSH&#44; thyrotropin&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of measurements in 2015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of measurements in 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absolute difference 2015&#8211;2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage difference 2015&#8211;2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;425&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">665&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH &#40;thyrotropin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;845&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&#44;791&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">free T3-T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#44;440&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#44;301&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferritin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;699&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CEA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5274&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">265&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#44;512&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#44;794&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">718&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alpha-fetoprotein&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3399&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3450&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3049&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2975&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2499&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">476&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 15&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2764&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2473&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;629&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;490&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#44;139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;50&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antigliadin IgA-IgG Ab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">292&#44;123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">236&#44;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#44;902&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total number of laboratory measurements performed in 2015 and 2016&#44; difference between the 2 years and percentage change&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; Ab&#44; antibodies&#59; CA&#44; carbohydrate antigen&#59; CEA&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen&#59; HbA1c&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#59; Ig&#44; immunoglobulin&#59; PSA&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#59; T3&#44; thyroxine-3&#59; T4&#44; thyroxine-4&#59; TSH&#44; thyrotropin&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015 Cost&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 Cost&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015&#8211;2016 savings&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015&#8211;2016 percentage difference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109&#44;281&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105&#44;236&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;3&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">260&#44;536&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">252&#44;898&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7638&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Free T3 and T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102&#44;302&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89&#44;586&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#44;716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferritin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">277&#44;666&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">275&#44;624&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2042&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CEA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#44;870&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#44;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3826&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;7&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;723&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3841&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;3&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alpha-fetoprotein&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&#44;246&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;13&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original article
Impact of a do-not-do intervention on 12 laboratory measurements
Impacto de una intervención de «no hacer» en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio
J.L. Zambrana-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
jlzambrana@ephag.es

Corresponding author.
, C. Macías Blancob, A. Fernández-Suárezc,d, A. Peñacoba Masae, M.J. Olivares Duránf, J.M. Aguilar Benítezg,h, J.L. Zambrana-Luquea
a Coordinación Asistencial, Hospital de Montilla, Montilla, Córdoba, Spain
b Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital de Montilla, Montilla, Córdoba, Spain
c Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital Alto Guadalquivir, Andújar, Jaén, Spain
d Línea de Biotecnología, Hospital Valle del Guadiato, Peñarroya, Córdoba, Spain
e Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución de Puente Genil, Puente Genil, Córdoba, Spain
f Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Sierra de Segura, Puente Génave, Jaén, Spain
g Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Alcalá la Real, Alcalá la Real, Jaén, Spain
h Área de Biotecnología, Hospital de Alta Resolución Alcaudete, Alcaudete, Jaén, Spain
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        "titulo" => "Impacto de una intervenci&#243;n de &#171;no hacer&#187; en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage reduction in laboratory measurements &#40;2015&#8211;2016&#41; differentiated by hospital&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; HRH&#44; high-resolution hospital&#59; RH&#44; regional hospital&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Background</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In April 2013&#44; the Ministry of Health presented the initiative known as &#8220;Commitment to the Quality of Spanish Scientific Societies&#8221;&#44; whose main objective is to decrease the use of unnecessary healthcare interventions&#44; defined as those that have not shown efficacy&#44; have little or questionable effectiveness or priority or are not cost-effective&#46; This project sought the collaboration and joint effort of Spanish scientific societies for the continuous improvement of the quality of healthcare&#46; To this end&#44; each society established 5 &#8220;do-not-do&#8221; recommendations based on a preliminary list of scientific&#44; evidence-based recommendations obtained from clinical practice guidelines as the main source&#46; The results so far are more than 140 recommendations proposed by 28 Spanish scientific societies&#46; Approximately 20&#37; of these recommendations refer to laboratory tests&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meanwhile&#44; various societies have established a series of recommendations regarding the minimum intervals for repeating laboratory tests&#44; based on the best current evidence and healthcare practices&#46; One of the most common causes of inadequacy in laboratory measurements is the repetition of requests&#44; which has been estimated at 16&#8211;30&#37; of all tests performed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In overall terms&#44; the impact of do-not-do recommendations on the daily conduct of health care is poorly known&#44; and there are few studies on this topic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Setting</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted in the 7 public hospitals managed by the Guadalquivir Healthcare Agency &#40;Government of Andalusia&#41;&#44; distributed in the provinces of Cordoba &#40;Hospital of Montilla&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Puente Genil&#59; and High-resolution Hospital Valle del Guadiato&#44; Pe&#241;arroya&#41; and Jaen &#40;Hospital Alto Guadalquivir&#44; And&#250;jar&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Sierra de Segura&#44; Puente G&#233;nave&#59; High-resolution Hospital of Alcala la Real&#59; and High-resolution Hospital of Alcaudete&#41;&#44; which provide care for an estimated 252&#44;000 individuals&#46; The hospitals of Montilla and Alto Guadalquivir are regional hospitals&#44; and the rest are of high-resolution hospitals&#46; The difference between the 2 types of hospitals lies in the portfolio of services&#46; The latter group is more limited because it does not provide conventional hospitalization&#44; intensive care units or birthing care&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Design</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a preintervention and postintervention study&#46; In an initial phase&#44; a multidisciplinary group was formed with physicians from the hospitals and from primary care &#40;specialists in internal medicine&#44; hematology&#44; clinical analysis&#44; emergency care and family and community medicine&#41;&#46; This group selected the societies&#8217; do-not-do recommendations focused on laboratory measurements&#44; following a nominal group technique&#46; The selection of these laboratory tests was based on&#44; among other aspects&#44; the characteristics of the hospitals and their area of influence&#44; the prevalence of the treated diseases&#44; the specialties in the various hospitals and the ease of assessing the implemented changes&#46; Likewise&#44; the group used a consensus that determined the recommended intervals for repeating laboratory tests&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recommendations regarding the plasma measurements selected for the intervention were the following&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Thyroid hormones thyroxine-3 &#40;T3&#41; and thyroxine-4 &#40;T4&#41; measurements were only performed when thyrotropin &#40;TSH&#41; levels were altered &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of glycated hemoglobin &#40;HbA1c&#41; will be maintained &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Serological tumor markers will not be requested as population screening &#40;unless the population belongs to the defined risk groups for each type of tumor&#41;&#46; The markers included in this group were prostate antigen&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen &#40;CEA&#41;&#44; alpha-fetoprotein&#44; carbohydrate antigens &#40;AC&#41; 19&#46;9&#44; CA 125 and CA 15&#46;3 &#40;Spanish Association of Medical Biopathology&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detection of immunoglobulin A &#40;IgA&#41; and immunoglobulin G &#40;IgG&#41; antigliadin antibodies will not be used for diagnosing celiac disease &#40;Spanish Society of Gastrointestinal Disease&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5&#46;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 2 months between 2 consecutive measurements of TSH will be maintained &#40;Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A minimum period of 3 months between 2 consecutive measurements of ferritin will be maintained &#40;Andalusian Society of Clinical Analysis&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Plasma urea concentrations will not be measured in those cases in which creatinine is simultaneously analyzed&#44; except in cases of suspected gastrointestinal hemorrhage or when nitrogen metabolism needs to be calculated &#40;recommendation raised by the constituted workgroup&#44; considering the frequent request and questionable usefulness of this measurement if determined simultaneously with serum creatinine&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the list was created&#44; it was distributed by e-mail to the physicians along with a presentation in a clinical session by units and centers&#46; Both measures explained what constituted the initiative &#8220;Commitment for Quality of the Scientific Societies&#8221; of the Ministry of Health&#44; as well as the relationship of selected laboratory tests&#46; A 2-month period was established for clarifications and claims that the staff considered necessary&#46; This process ensured the dissemination of the project&#44; a better understanding of the recommendations under analysis and increased support for practitioners&#46; This initial phase lasted from October 1 to December 31&#44; 2015&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; a before-after study was designed to compare the number of measurements performed by our laboratories during 2015 versus the number performed during the same period in 2016&#46; In addition&#44; the cost of these measurements for both periods and the changes produced were analyzed&#46; For the latter&#44; the cost per relative unit of value for each test and center was employed through analytical accounting&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data analysis was conducted using a descriptive study of the study population variables&#46; The data are expressed in absolute figures of the measurements performed &#40;total and broken down by test type&#41; in both periods&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> indicates the number of plasma readings performed in 2015 and 2016&#44; as well as the reduction achieved in absolute numbers and percentages&#46; In overall numbers&#44; 55&#44;902 fewer measurements were performed &#40;&#8722;19&#37; compared with 2015&#41;&#46; This reduction occurred mainly in plasma urea &#40;&#8722;50&#46;3&#37;&#41; and tumor marker CA 125 &#40;&#8722;16&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> lists the unit cost for each test&#44; the expenses generated in 2015 and 2016 and the savings&#46; The reduction in expenditure was &#8364;82&#44;100 &#40;&#8722;7&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; This savings was mainly achieved by reducing the number of urea &#40;savings of &#8364;21&#44;002&#41; and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 &#40;savings of &#8364;12&#44;716&#41; readings&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> shows the reduction in the number of requests before and after the intervention&#46; Each hospital had a different behavior&#59; however&#44; the reduction was more uniform in the regional hospitals &#40;between &#8722;13&#37; and &#8722;18&#37;&#41; and more disparate in the high-resolution hospitals &#40;between &#8722;6&#37; and &#8722;46&#37;&#41;&#46; There were no incidents or claims from staff or users regarding the implemented measures&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that adopting do-not-do recommendations involves rationing laboratory measurements and expenditures&#46; We have not found similar studies in the literature&#44; except for one that focused exclusively on tumor markers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> There could be various reasons for this lack of studies&#58; the diversity of current recommendations and their recent publication&#44; the various specialties involved&#44; the unknown degree of penetration of these recommendations among medical personnel and the difficulty in measuring the implemented changes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most noteworthy reduction in the number of measurements was for plasma urea&#44; a result that was somewhat expected&#44; given that there is an alternative reading &#40;the one for creatinine&#41; for determining renal function&#46; However&#44; there was not as significant a reduction in the request for tumor markers as that observed in other studies in our setting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This could be partly explained by the entrenchment that persists among practitioners on the usefulness of tumor markers as screening<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> and by the lack of knowledge of the do-not-do recommendations&#46; In a recent survey conducted by the Ministry of Health&#44; almost 60&#37; of those surveyed were unaware of the recommendations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that the massive incorporation into clinical laboratories of electronic request systems&#44; based on the electronic medical history or laboratory information system&#44; has been a stimulus for the widespread use of tools for automated control of demand&#44; which led our group to opt for implementing the do-not-do recommendations for laboratory tests&#46; Through appropriate programming&#44; we can exclude certain requests performed repeatedly over shorter time intervals than recommended&#46; These measures have been shown to be particularly effective in reducing the number of unnecessary laboratory measurements&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> The measures include the automatic and irrevocable blocking of requested laboratory tests that are considered unnecessary&#59; leaving the ultimate decision up to the discretion of the requesting physician once they have been warned of a repeated laboratory test&#59; or a mixed system&#44; as performed in this study&#44; which consists of the automatic blocking of a measurement&#44; if there was already a recent measurement&#46; The measurement could ultimately be conducted if the requesting physician justified its necessity&#46; The use of blocking requires less maintenance effort by the laboratory&#44; and its effect is more sustained over time by not depending on environmental factors such as the relaxation of habits among requesting physicians or changes in the medical staff&#46; Along with this&#44; the flexibility of giving the requesting physician the last word in revoking the do-not-do order allows for specific exceptions to be made under necessary conditions&#44; as occurs with TSH and glycated hemoglobin readings for pregnant women&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The elimination of unnecessary medical care and its optimization have received increasing attention by health systems in recent decades&#46; In the United States&#44; the &#8220;Choosing Wisely&#8221; movement emerged in 2012&#44; whose main objective &#40;more than reducing the cost of health care&#41; was to provide greater value to medical care and reduce the potential risks to patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The campaign&#39;s central objective was to imbue healthcare with prudence&#44; from both the practitioner&#39;s and patient&#39;s point of view&#46; To this end&#44; we need to change the culture of medical care that historically is accompanied by unnecessary additional tests&#44; procedures and treatments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a> The culture is fed by patients&#8217; expectations&#44; the fear of allowing a possible diagnosis to slip by&#44; the possibility of being accused of negligence&#44; the training based on recommendations by reputable individuals and the desire to avoid telling patients that they do not need a specific test or treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a> Avoiding repeated laboratory tests does not increase mortality or eliminate information that could be important for the patient&#39;s clinical diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a> Therefore&#44; a reduction in the number of requested tests&#44; provided it is performed reasonably&#44; should not raise concern in terms of reduced quality in the provided care&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is apparent that for the do-not-do culture to spread among practitioners and patients&#44; we need to understand that &#8220;more&#8221; is not always better&#46; To this end&#44; communication between physicians and patients needs to be fluid&#46; Physicians cannot do this alone&#59; they need the involvement and understanding of patients and citizens&#46; The success of this campaign can only be achieved with an educational effort targeted at patients and citizens that properly explains the initiative&#46; Terms such as &#8220;appropriate care&#8221;&#44; &#8220;preventing harm&#8221; and &#8220;smart decisions&#8221; seem to appeal to practitioners and patients compared with terms such as &#8220;resources&#8221;&#44; &#8220;savings&#8221; and &#8220;cost&#8221;&#44; although this can differ from one country to another&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 3 most important limitations of this study are as follows&#58; First&#44; the degree of appropriateness of not conducting certain tests is unknown&#44; although the fact that no incident related to the adopted measures was detected could be an indication that this difficulty is irrelevant&#46; Second&#44; given that this was a retrospective study&#44; we could not analyze the changes in the number of requests for tests as a function of the petitioner&#39;s origin&#44; because the name of the physician who requested the test was not recorded at the time the request was made&#46; Lastly&#44; by resorting to relative units of value to calculate the cost and savings of tests&#44; we could not establish the actual savings&#44; although we could provide an approximation of the costs&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; reaching a consensus and implementing recommendations regarding unnecessary tests and treatments is feasible and reduces unnecessary expenditures&#46; This initiative is also live and open and can incorporate new and varied recommendations in the future&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In recent years&#44; various scientific societies and healthcare organizations have created recommendations aimed at decreasing the use of healthcare interventions that have shown no efficacy or effectiveness&#46; The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an intervention on 12 do-not-do recommendations regarding the laboratory in 7 hospital centers&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Before-after study conducted in 7 hospital centers of Cordoba and Jaen during 2015 and 2016&#46; Based on the recommendations of existing scientific societies&#44; a consensus was reached on various actions regarding laboratory measurements&#46; We analyzed the number and cost of measuring 6 tumor markers &#40;carcinoembryonic antigen&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#44; carbohydrate antigen &#91;CA&#93; 15&#46;3&#44; CA 125&#44; CA 19&#46;9 and alpha-fetoprotein&#41;&#44; thyrotropin&#44; T3&#44; T4&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#44; urea&#44; ferritin and antigliadin antibodies&#44; before and after implementing the consensus&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compared with the previous year&#44; there were 55&#44;902 fewer laboratory measurements &#40;&#8211;19&#37;&#41; in 2016&#44; with an overall savings of &#8364;82&#44;100&#46; The reduction in the number of measurements occurred mainly in plasma urea &#40;&#8211;50&#46;3&#37;&#41; and in the tumor markers CA 125 &#40;&#8211;16&#37;&#41;&#44; CA 19&#46;9 &#40;&#8211;11&#46;6&#37;&#41; and CA 15&#46;3 &#40;&#8211;10&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; The most pronounced savings were achieved in the measurements of urea &#40;&#8211;&#8364;21&#44;002&#41;&#44; thyroid hormones &#40;&#8211;&#8364;12&#44;716&#41; and thyrotropin &#40;&#8211;&#8364;7638&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The adoption and consensus of do-not-do recommendations among healthcare levels resulted in a significant reduction in unnecessary measurements&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os distintas sociedades cient&#237;ficas y organizaciones sanitarias han generado recomendaciones orientadas a disminuir las intervenciones sanitarias que no han demostrado eficacia o efectividad&#46; El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el impacto de una intervenci&#243;n acerca de 12 recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187; referidas al laboratorio en 7 centros hospitalarios&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio antes-despu&#233;s llevado a cabo en 7 centros hospitalarios de C&#243;rdoba y Ja&#233;n durante los a&#241;os 2015 y 2016&#46; Se consensuaron seg&#250;n las recomendaciones de las sociedades cient&#237;ficas existentes diferentes actuaciones referidas a determinaciones de laboratorio&#46; Se analizaron el n&#250;mero y coste de las determinaciones de 6 marcadores tumorales &#91;&#40;ant&#237;geno carcinoembrionario&#44; ant&#237;geno prost&#225;tico espec&#237;fico&#44; ant&#237;geno carbohidrato &#40;CA&#41; 15&#46;3&#44; CA 125&#44; CA 19&#46;9 y alfa-fetoprote&#237;na&#41;&#93;&#44; tirotropina&#44; T3&#44; T4&#44; hemoglobina glicada&#44; urea&#44; ferritina y anticuerpos antigliadina&#44; antes y despu&#233;s de la implantaci&#243;n del consenso&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se dejaron de hacer en el a&#241;o 2016 respecto al a&#241;o anterior 55&#46;902 determinaciones de laboratorio &#40;&#8211;19&#37;&#41;&#44; con un ahorro global de 82&#46;100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#46; La reducci&#243;n en el n&#250;mero de determinaciones se produjo principalmente en la urea plasm&#225;tica &#40;&#8211;50&#44;3&#37;&#41; y en los marcadores tumorales CA 125 &#40;&#8211;16&#37;&#41;&#44; CA 19&#46;9 &#40;&#8211;11&#44;6&#37;&#41; y CA 15&#46;3 &#40;&#8211;10&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; El ahorro m&#225;s acusado se obtuvo en la determinaci&#243;n de urea &#40;&#8211;21&#46;002<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41;&#44; en la de hormonas tiroideas &#40;&#8211;12&#46;716<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41; y tirotropina &#40;&#8211;7&#46;638<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8364;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La adopci&#243;n y consenso de recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187; entre niveles asistenciales conlleva una reducci&#243;n significativa de las determinaciones innecesarias&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Zambrana-Garc&#237;a JL&#44; Mac&#237;as Blanco C&#44; Fern&#225;ndez-Su&#225;rez A&#44; Pe&#241;acoba Masa A&#44; Olivares Dur&#225;n MJ&#44; Aguilar Ben&#237;tez JM&#44; et al&#46; Impacto de una intervenci&#243;n de &#171;no hacer&#187; en 12 determinaciones de laboratorio&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2017&#59;217&#58;454&#8211;459&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">This study was presented orally at the 20th National Congress of Hospitals&#44; Seville&#44; March 2017&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 665
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            "Tamanyo" => 50183
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage reduction in laboratory measurements &#40;2015&#8211;2016&#41; differentiated by hospital&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; HRH&#44; high-resolution hospital&#59; RH&#44; regional hospital&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; Ab&#44; antibodies&#59; CA&#44; carbohydrate antigen&#59; CEA&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen&#59; HbA1c&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#59; Ig&#44; immunoglobulin&#59; PSA&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#59; T3&#44; thyroxine-3&#59; T4&#44; thyroxine-4&#59; TSH&#44; thyrotropin&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of measurements in 2015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of measurements in 2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Absolute difference 2015&#8211;2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Percentage difference 2015&#8211;2016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;425&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23&#44;760&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">665&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH &#40;thyrotropin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;845&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68&#44;791&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">free T3-T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19&#44;440&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17&#44;301&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Ferritin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46&#44;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;699&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">318&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CEA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5539&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5274&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">265&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PSA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&#44;512&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15&#44;794&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">718&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;4&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alpha-fetoprotein&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3399&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3024&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 19&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3450&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3049&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;11&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 125&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2975&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2499&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">476&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CA 15&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2764&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2473&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;10&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Urea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;629&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;490&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#44;139&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;50&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Antigliadin IgA-IgG Ab&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">292&#44;123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">236&#44;221&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#44;902&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Total number of laboratory measurements performed in 2015 and 2016&#44; difference between the 2 years and percentage change&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; Ab&#44; antibodies&#59; CA&#44; carbohydrate antigen&#59; CEA&#44; carcinoembryonic antigen&#59; HbA1c&#44; glycated hemoglobin&#59; Ig&#44; immunoglobulin&#59; PSA&#44; prostate-specific antigen&#59; T3&#44; thyroxine-3&#59; T4&#44; thyroxine-4&#59; TSH&#44; thyrotropin&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Analytical parameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015 Cost&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2016 Cost&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015&#8211;2016 savings&#44; euros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2015&#8211;2016 percentage difference&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HbA1c&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">109&#44;281&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">105&#44;236&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;3&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">TSH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">260&#44;536&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">252&#44;898&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7638&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;2&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Free T3 and T4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102&#44;302&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89&#44;586&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&#44;716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;12&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#44;053&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7193&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;49&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39&#44;282&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&#44;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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