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Public healthcare expenditure and COVID-19 mortality in Spain and in Europe. Response to the Letter from the Editor by Velasco Montes et al
Gasto sanitario público y mortalidad por COVID-19 en España y en Europa. Respuesta a la carta al editor de Velasco Montes et al.
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"apellidos" => "Macaya-Miguel" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundación Instituto para la Mejora de la Asistencia Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Gasto sanitario público y mortalidad por COVID-19 en España y en Europa. Respuesta a la carta al editor de Velasco Montes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>." ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Velasco Montes et al. for their interest in our article <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gasto sanitario público y mortalidad por COVID-19 en España y en Europa</span> [Public healthcare expenditure and COVID-19 mortality in Spain and in Europe].<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is true that we did not include models adjusted for other sociodemographic, economic, or other variables because our aim was to analyze whether the widespread and uncritically accepted relationship between the “scarcity” of resources and outcomes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a> was able to be verified empirically.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is possible, but not probable, that the lack of a relationship between public healthcare expenditure and mortality due to COVID-19 may change after adjusting for other variables. After adjustment, Medeiros et al. did not find an association between healthcare expenditure and the mortality rate<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> whereas Khan et al. paradoxically found that the higher healthcare expenditure is as a percentage of GDP (%HE/GDP), the higher the case fatality rate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The development of adjusted models requires that the variables introduced have a clinical-epidemiological significance and show an independent association with robust outcome variables. The case fatality rate is dependent on the efficacy of epidemiological surveillance and %HE/GDP does not indicate the real expenditure. Nevertheless, if we are able to develop suitable adjustment models, we will attempt to take on the challenge proposed by Velasco Montes et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Elola-Somoza FJ, Bas-Villalobos MC, Pérez-Villacastín J, Macaya-Miguel C. Gasto sanitario público y mortalidad por COVID-19 en España y en Europa. Respuesta a la carta al editor de Velasco Montes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>. Rev Clin Esp. 2022;222:56–57.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sobre elgasto sanitario público y mortalidad por COVID 19 en España yen Europa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. Velasco Montes" 1 => "S. González Díez" 2 => "E. 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Kalache" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "355" "paginaFinal" => "357" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32354565" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Healthcare capacity, health expenditure, and civil society as predictors of COVID-19 case fatalities: a global analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.R. Khan" 1 => "N. Awan" 2 => "M.M. Islam" 3 => "O. 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