Suggestions
Idioma
Guide for authors
Searcher
Journal Information
Vol. 224. Issue 10.
Pages 627-694 (December 2024)
Cite
Cite
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
786
Vol. 224. Issue 10.
Pages 627-694 (December 2024)
Original article

Clinical features, management in the emergency department and mortality of acute heart failure episodes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Características clínicas, manejo en urgencias y mortalidad de los episodios de insuficiencia cardíaca aguda en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Visits
786
N. Ivarsa,1, Pere Llorensa,1, A. Alquézarc, J. Jacobd, B. Rodrígueze, M. Guzmánf, L. Serrano Lázarog, M.C. Martínez Picónh, L. Cuevas Jiménezi, Ò. Mirób,
Corresponding author
omiro@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, on behalf of ICA SEMES research group 2
a Servicio de Urgencias, Corta Estancia y Hospitalización a Domicilio, Hospital General Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
e Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
f Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
g Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
h Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital La Mancha Centro, Ciudad Real, Spain
i Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Tarragona, Spain
Ver más
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Objectives

This study aims to analyse differences in clinical and therapeutic management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who present to the emergency department with acute heart failure (AHF). Additionally, it examines mortality rates during such episodes.

Methods

We included patients diagnosed with AHF at 50 Spanish emergency departments from 2012 to 2022 who also had COPD. We compared their baseline characteristics, decompensation episodes, and emergency department management with those of AHF patients without COPD during the same period. We collected data on in-hospital and 30-day all-cause mortality, investigating differences between the two groups using crude and adjusted logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 21,694 AHF patients were analysed (median age = 83 years, 56% female), including 4,942 (23%) with COPD. COPD patients were generally younger and more frequently male, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities (excluding valve disease and dementia, which were more common in non-COPD patients). They exhibited a worse respiratory functional class (NYHA) but a better overall functional capacity (Barthel Index). Decompensation in COPD patients was more often triggered by infection and less frequently by tachyarrhythmia, hypertensive crisis, or acute coronary syndrome. While there were differences in clinical findings in the emergency department, the severity assessed by the MEESSI-AHF Scale was similar across both groups. In terms of emergency department management, a higher proportion of COPD patients received oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics, while fewer received intravenous nitroglycerin, and they were hospitalized more frequently. In-hospital mortality rates were 8.1% for patients with COPD and 7.5% for those without (OR = 1.088, 95% CI = 0.968–1.224), with 30-day mortality rates of 11.0% and 10.0%, respectively (OR = 1.111, 95% CI = 1.002–1.231). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, decompensation episodes, and emergency department management, these odds ratios decreased to 1.040 (95% CI = 0.905–1.195) and 1.080 (95% CI = 0.957–1.219), respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with AHF and COPD exhibit distinct clinical and therapeutic management characteristics in the emergency department and require more frequent hospitalization. Although they show higher crude 30-day mortality, this is attributable to their differing clinical profiles rather than the presence of COPD itself.

Keywords:
Acute heart failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Mortality
Emergencies
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar si los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) presentan diferencias clínicas y de manejo terapéutico en urgencias cuando desarrollan un episodio de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) y analizar la mortalidad durante dicha descompensación.

Método

Se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticados de ICA en 50 servicios de urgencias españoles entre 2012 y 2022 y que también padecían EPOC, y se compararon sus características basales, del episodio de descompensación y de manejo terapéutico en urgencias con las de pacientes con ICA sin EPOC diagnosticados durante dicho periodo. Se recogió la mortalidad por cualquier causa intrahospitalaria y a los 30 días, y se investigó si existían diferencias entre pacientes con y sin EPOC en modelos de regresión logística crudos y ajustados.

Resultados

Se analizaron 21.694 pacientes con ICA (mediana = 83 años, mujeres = 56%), 4.942 (23%) con EPOC. Estos eran más jóvenes, más frecuentemente varones, con más comorbilidades (con excepción de valvulopatía y demencia, más frecuentes en pacientes no EPOC), peor clase funcional respiratoria (NYHA) y mejor capacidad funcional global (índice de Barthel). La descompensación de los pacientes EPOC estuvo más frecuentemente desencadenada por una infección y menos por taquiarritmia, crisis hipertensiva o síndrome coronario agudo y, aunque hubo diferencias en los hallazgos clínicos en urgencias, la gravedad estimada mediante la Escala MEESSI-AHF fue similar en ambos grupos. Respecto al manejo en urgencias, más pacientes EPOC recibieron oxigenoterapia, ventilación no invasiva, broncodilatadores, corticoides y antibióticos y menos nitroglicerina endovenosa, y hospitalizaron más frecuentemente. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con y sin EPOC fue del 8,1% y del 7,5%, respectivamente (OR = 1,088, IC95% = 0,968−1,224) y a 30 días fue del 11,0% y del 10,0% (OR = 1,111, IC95% = 1,002−1,231). Tras ajustar por las características clínicas, del episodio de descompensación y del manejo en urgencias, estas OR descendieron a 1,040 (0,905−1,195) y 1,080 (0,957−1,219), respectivamente.

Conclusión

Los pacientes con ICA y EPOC tienen características clínicas y de manejo terapéutico en urgencias diferenciales, y precisan mayor hospitalización. Si bien presentan una mayor mortalidad cruda a los 30 días, esto se explica por este diferente perfil clínico más que por la propia existencia de la EPOC.

Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia cardíaca aguda
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Mortalidad
Urgencias

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Revista Clínica Española (English Edition)
Member
Si es usted socio de FESEMI siga los siguientes pasos:

Diríjase desde aquí a la web de la >>>https://www.fesemi.org/publicaciones/revista-clinica/noticias<<< e inicie sesión mediante el formulario que se encuentra en la barra superior, pulsando sobre el candado.

Deslice el cursor hacia abajo hasta la sección "PUBLICACIONES" y pinche en "Revista Clínica Española":

>>>https://www.fesemi.org/publicaciones/revista-clinica/noticias<<<

Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to
Revista Clínica Española (English Edition)
Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
Email
References
[1]
T.A. Donagh, M. Metra, M. Adamo, R.S. Gardner, A. Baumbach, M. Böhm, ESC Scientific Document Group, et al.
2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.
Eur Heart J., 42 (2021), pp. 3599-3726
[2]
J.J.V. McMurray, S. Adamopoulos, S.D. Anker, A. Auricchio, M. Böhm, K. Dickstein, et al.
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Eur Heart J, 33 (2012), pp. 1787-1847
[3]
P. Ponikowski, A.A. Voors, S.D. Anker, H. Bueno, J.G.F. Cleland, A.J.S. Coats, et al.
2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.
Eur Heart J, 37 (2016), pp. 2129-2200
[4]
P. Llorens, P. Javaloyes, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, J. Jacob, P. Herrero-Puente, V. Gil, ICA-SEMES Research Group, et al.
Time trends in characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of 13,791 patients with acute heart failure.
Clin Res Cardiol, 107 (2018), pp. 897-913
[5]
Ò Miró, A. Conde-Martel, P. Llorens, P. Salamanca-Bautista, V. Gil, Á González-Franco, EAHFE and the RICA research investigators, et al.
The influence of comorbidities on the prognosis after an acute heart failure decompensation and differences according to ejection fraction: Results from the EAHFE and RICA registries.
Eur J Intern Med., 111 (2023), pp. 97-104
[6]
R.G. Barr, D.A. Bluemke, F.S. Ahmed, J.J. Carr, P.L. Enright, et al.
Percent emphysema, airflow obstruction, and impaired left ventricular filling.
N Engl J Med, 362 (2010), pp. 217-227
[7]
J.M. Wells, G.R. Washko, M.K. Han, N. Abbas, H. Nath, A.J. Mamary, COPDGene Investigators; ECLIPSE Study Investigators, et al.
Pulmonary arterial enlargement and acute exacerbations of COPD.
N Engl J Med., 367 (2012), pp. 913-921
[8]
World Health Organization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Available at: http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/.
[9]
N.M. Hawkins, M.C. Petrie, P.S. Jhund, G.W. Chalmers, F.G. Dunn, J.J.V. McMurray.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology.
Eur J Heart Fail, 11 (2009), pp. 130-139
[10]
S. Ehteshami-Afshar, L. Mooney, P. Dewan, A.S. Desai, N.N. Lang, M.P. Lefkowitz, et al.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from PARADIGM-HF.
J Am Heart Assoc., (2021), pp. 10
[11]
T.H. Le Jemtel, M. Padeletti, S. Jelic.
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure.
J Am Coll Cardiol., 49 (2007), pp. 171-180
[12]
J.J. Cuthbert, J.W. Kearsley, S. Kazmi, A. Kallvikbakka-Bennett, J. Weston, J. Davis, et al.
The impact of heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on mortality in patients presenting with breathlessness.
Clin Res Cardiol., 108 (2019), pp. 185-193
[13]
Ò Miró, K. Takagi, E. Gayat, P. Llorens, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, J. Jacob, et al.
CORT-AHF study: effect on outcomes of systemic corticosteroid therapy during early management acute heart failure.
JACC Heart Fail., 7 (2019), pp. 834-845
[14]
E. DeVos, L. Jacobson.
Approach to adult patients with acute dyspnea.
Emerg Med Clin North Am, 34 (2016), pp. 129-149
[15]
K. Dharmarajan, K.M. Strait, T. Lagu, P.K. Lindenauer, M.E. Tinetti, J. Lynn, et al.
Acute decompensated heart failure is routinely treated as a cardiopulmonary syndrome.
PLoS One., 8 (2013),
[16]
N.M. Hawkins, M.C. Petrie, P.S. Jhund, G.W. Chalmers, F.G. Dunn, J.J. McMurray.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology.
Eur J Heart Fail., 11 (2009), pp. 130-139
[17]
P. Llorens, P. Javaloyes, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, J. Jacob, P. Herrero-Puente, V. Gil, et al.
Time trends in characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of 13,791 patients with acute heart failure.
Clin Res Cardiol., 107 (2018), pp. 897-913
[18]
M.P. López Díez, P. Llorens, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, V. Gil, J. Jacob, P. Herrero, et al.
Observación en urgencias previa a la hospitalización en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda: impacto sobre el pronóstico a corto plazo.
Emergencias., 34 (2022), pp. 345-351
[19]
K.K.L. Ho, K.M. Anderson, W.B. Kannel, W. Grossman, D. Levy.
Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham heart study subjects.
Circulation, 88 (1993), pp. 107-115
[20]
Ò Miró, X. Rossello, V. Gil, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Llorens, P. Herrero-Puente, et al.
Predicting 30-day mortality for patients with acute heart failure in the emergency department: a cohort study.
Ann Intern Med., 167 (2017), pp. 698-705
[21]
Ò Miró, X. Rossello, V. Gil, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Llorens, P. Herrero-Puente, et al.
Analysis of how emergency physicians’ decisions to hospitalize or discharge patients with acute heart failure match the clinical risk categories of the MEESSI-AHF scale.
Ann Emerg Med., 74 (2019), pp. 204-215
[22]
O. Miró, P. Llorens, V. Gil, M.P. López Díez, J. Jacob, P. Herrero, et al.
Decisión de hospitalización o alta en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en urgencias, su adecuación con la gravedad de la descompensación e impacto pronóstico.
Emergencias., 35 (2023), pp. 261-269
[23]
J. Jacob, J. Tost, Ò Miró, P. Herrero, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Llorens, ICA-SEMES Research Group.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on clinical course after an episode of acute heart failure. EAHFE-COPD study.
Int J Cardiol., 15 (2017), pp. 450-456
[24]
W. Chen, J. Thomas, M. Sadatsafavi, J.M. FitzGerald.
Risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet Respir Med., 3 (2015), pp. 631-639
[25]
J.T. Parissis, C. Andreoli, N. Kadoglou, I. Ikonomidis, D. Farmakis, I. Dimopoulou, et al.
Differences in clinical characteristics, management and short-term outcome between acute heart failure patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and those without this co-morbidity.
Clin Res Cardiol., 103 (2014), pp. 733-741
[26]
F. Villar Alvarez, M. Méndez Bailón, J. de Miguel Díez.
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica e insuficiencia cardíaca.
Arch Bronconeumol., 45 (2009), pp. 387-393
[27]
R.A. Pauwels, A.S. Buist, P.M. Calverley, C.R. Jenkins, S.S. Hurd, GOLD Scientific Committee.
Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 163 (2001), pp. 1256-1276
[28]
A. Papi, C.M. Bellettato, F. Braccioni, M. Romagnoli, P. Casolari, G. Caramori, et al.
Infections and airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 173 (2006), pp. 1114-1121
[29]
J.R. Hurst, J.A. Wedzicha.
The biology of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.
Clin Chest Med., 28 (2007), pp. 525-536
[30]
A. Aguirre Tejedo, O. Miró, A. Jacob Rodríguez, P. Herrero Puente, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, X. Alemany, et al.
Papel del factor precipitante de un episodio de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en relación al pronóstico a corto plazo del paciente: estudio PAPRICA.
Emergencias., 24 (2012), pp. 438-446
[31]
Ò Miró, N. Ivars, P. Lopez-Ayala, V. Gil, L. Llauger, A. Alquézar-Arbé, ICA-SEMES group, et al.
Effect of flu vaccination on severity and outcome of heart failure decompensations.
J Card Fail., 29 (2023), pp. 734-744
[32]
A. Mebazaa, M.B. Yilmaz, P. Levy, P. Ponikowski, W.F. Peacock, S. Laribi, et al.
Recommendations on pre-hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine.
Eur J Heart Fail., 17 (2015), pp. 544-558
[33]
P. Harjola, V.P. Harjola.
¿Podemos hacer más por los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en la fase prehospitalaria? [Can we do more for patients with acute heart failure before arrival at the hospital?].
Emergencias, 29 (2017), pp. 221-222
[34]
M. Luján, Ó Peñuelas, C. Cinesi Gómez, A. García-Salido, J. Moreno Hernando, A. Romero Berrocal, et al.
Summary of Recommendations and Key Points of the Consensus of Spanish Scientific Societies (SEPAR, SEMICYUC, SEMES; SECIP, SENEO, SEDAR, SENP) on the Use of Non-Invasive Ventilation and High-Flow Oxygen Therapy with Nasal Cannulas in Adult, Pediatric, and Neonatal Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed), 57 (2021), pp. 415-427
[35]
Ò Miró, G. Martínez, J. Masip, V. Gil, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Llorens, ICA-SEMES Research Group Researchers, et al.
Effects on short term outcome of non-invasive ventilation use in the emergency department to treat patients with acute heart failure: A propensity score-based analysis of the EAHFE Registry.
Eur J Intern Med., 53 (2018), pp. 45-51
[36]
F. Gordo.
La ventilación mecánica no invasiva en los servicios de urgencias.
Emergencias., 33 (2021), pp. 3-4
[37]
C.R. Osadnik, V.S. Tee, K.V. Carson-Chahhoud, J. Picot, J.A. Wedzicha, B.J. Smith.
Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 7 (2017),
[38]
N.G. Uren, S.W. Davies, S.L. Jordan, D.P. Lipkin.
Inhaled bronchodilators increase maximum oxygen consumption in chronic left ventricular failure.
Eur Heart J., 14 (1993), pp. 744-750
[39]
K.K. Witte, A. Morice, J.G. Cleland, A.L. Clark.
The reversibility of increased airways resistance in chronic heart failure measured by impulse oscillometry.
J Card Fail., 10 (2004), pp. 149-154
[40]
S.R. Salpeter, T.M. Ormiston, E.E. Salpeter.
Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis.
Chest., 125 (2004), pp. 2309-2321
[41]
D.H. Au, R.N. Lemaitre, J.R. Curtis, N.L. Smith, B.M. Psaty.
The risk of myocardial infarction associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 161 (2000), pp. 827-830
[42]
G.M. Felker, C.M. O’Connor.
Inotropic therapy for heart failure: an evidence-based approach.
Am Heart J., 142 (2001), pp. 393-401
[43]
K. Kostikas, C.K. Rhee, J.R. Hurst, P. Agostoni, H. Cao, R. Fogel, et al.
Adequacy of therapy for people with both COPD and heart failure in the UK: historical cohort study.
Pragmat Obs Res., 11 (2020), pp. 55-66
[44]
M. Canepa, P.L. Temporelli, A. Rossi, A. Rossi, L. Gonzini, G.L. Nicolosi, et al.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with chronic heart failure: data from the GISSI-HF trial.
Cardiology, 136 (2017), pp. 128-137
[45]
N.M. Hawkins, S. Virani, C. Ceconi.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The challenges facing physicians and health services.
Eur Heart J., 34 (2013), pp. 2795-2803
[46]
S. Brenner, G. Güder, D. Berliner, N. Deubner, K. Fröhlich, G. Ertl, et al.
Airway obstruction in systolic heart failure--COPD or congestion?.
Int J Cardiol., 168 (2013), pp. 1910-1916
[47]
R. Andrea, A. López-Giraldo, C. Falces, T. López, L. Sanchis, C. Gistau, et al.
Pulmonary function predicts mortality and hospitalizations in outpatients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
Respir Med., 134 (2018), pp. 124-129
[48]
T. Maestre-Orozco, J.M. Ramos-Rincón, B. Espinosa, J. Marín-Aparicio, F. Botella Quijal, P. Botella Rocamora, et al.
Mortalidad tras el alta desde el servicio de urgencias hospitalario: análisis de 453.599 episodios.
Emergencias., 36 (2024), pp. 168-178
[49]
K.K. Iversen, J. Kjaergaard, D. Akkan, L. Kober, C. Torp-Pedersen, C. Hassager, ECHOS-Lung Function Study Group, et al.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients admitted with heart failure.
J Intern Med., 264 (2008), pp. 361-369
[50]
Ò Miró, J. Tost, V. Gil, F.J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Llorens, P. Herrero, ICA-SEMES Research Group, et al.
The BRONCH-AHF study: effects on short-term outcome of nebulized bronchodilators in emergency department patients diagnosed with acute heart failure.
Eur J Heart Fail., 20 (2018), pp. 822-826
Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española (English Edition)
Article options
Tools