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            "entidad" => "Instituto de investigaci&#243;n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara&#241;&#243;n &#40;IiSGM&#41;&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
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            "entidad" => "Instituto Biolog&#237;a y Gen&#233;tica Molecular&#44; CSIC-UVA&#44; Valladolid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
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        "titulo" => "El consumo de vino tinto pero no otras bebidas alcoh&#243;licas aumenta la capacidad antioxidante y mejora el perfil pro-inflamatorio despu&#233;s de una dieta rica en grasas oral en voluntarios sanos"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative changes in lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity after an oral fat diet and different beverages intake&#46; Data are shown as percentages&#46; &#35; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#44; &#42; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Atherosclerosis is considered to be a chronic local micro-inflammatory process in the subintimal space of arteries due to the deposit of oxidized LDL particles&#44; where inflammatory factors and oxidative stress play a role&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Dietary composition plays a role in atherogenesis&#44; not only by modifying cholesterol levels&#44; but also by modifying the prooxidant&#47;antioxidant and pro-inflammatory&#47;anti-inflammatory profile&#46; Several cohort studies have shown that the western diet&#44; rich in saturated fat&#44; increases cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> However&#44; the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in some populations with a fat-rich diet are similar to those of countries with a lower fat intake&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> Moderate red wine intake has been related to this effect&#44; which has been known as &#8220;the French Paradox&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> due to the increase in HDL cholesterol and the benefits on haemostatic factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In fact&#44; since the French paradox was reported&#44; many studies have demonstrated that moderate alcohol intake has a cardioprotective effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> However&#44; the lifestyle&#44; socio-economical factors&#44; the pattern of consumption and the type of alcoholic beverage could be important confounding factors when analyzing this association&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The relationship between alcoholic beverage intake&#44; inflammation and antioxidant metabolism is controversial&#46; Some prospective studies have proved that light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with lesser concentrations of inflammatory factors&#44; including C reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41; and interleukin 6 &#40;IL-6&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> However&#44; no information on the impact in inflammatory mediators such as soluble phospholipase A2 &#40;sPLA2&#41; is available&#46; This association could be explained by an ethanol-dependent effect&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Moreover&#44; some prospective studies have shown that the results are better for the consumption of red wine than for beer or other alcoholic drinks&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Data are controversial concerning the oxidative damage&#46; Intervention studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption is linked to increase in free radicals and lipid peroxidation<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> but&#44; on the other hand&#44; moderate alcohol consumption decreased DNA oxidation markers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> and increased antioxidant capacity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polyphenols&#44; which are found in abundance in red wine&#44; are thought to stimulate the prevention of atherosclerosis&#44; and a regular moderate intake of wine has been shown to decrease the concentration of pro-inflammatory markers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and lipid peroxidation markers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> and to increase antioxidant capacity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> However&#44; it seems that this effect appears only in an oxidative environment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> such as the postprandial state&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a previous study on an acute model&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> we showed that a moderate intake of vodka &#8211; but not red wine &#8211; together with a fat-rich diet&#44; activated nuclear factor KB &#40;NF-KB&#41; in circulating monocytes from healthy people&#46; The same alcohol intake maintained for 5 days&#44; together with a usual fat-enriched diet&#44; red wine &#8211; but not vodka or brandy &#8211; decreases expression of NF-KB in circulating monocytes&#46; Rum&#44; which has a moderate level of polyphenols&#44; decreases expression of NF-KB in circulating monocytes to a lesser extent&#46; Red wine also decreases the plasma concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 &#40;MCP-1&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the study was to compare the effect of different alcohol beverages &#40;red wine&#44; rum&#44; brandy or vodka&#41; intake&#44; consumed together with a fat diet&#44; on inflammatory factors&#44; lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in healthy people after a five-day period&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Material and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Participants</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Twenty potential participants&#44; who were examined in order to exclude relevant disorders&#44; underwent a blood test &#40;including a lipid profile&#41;&#46; Individuals with a plasma cholesterol level &#62;220<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl and smokers were excluded&#46; Weight and height were recorded and body surface index was calculated using the Dubois formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> Finally&#44; eight males and eight females aged 22&#8211;29 years were included&#46; They all gave their written informed consent to participate&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The local ethics committee approved the study&#44; which was performed according to institutional and Good Clinical Practice guidelines&#46; The study protocol has been registered at Clinicaltrials&#46;gov &#40;<a href="ctgov:NCT02033174">NCT02033174</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study design</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a cross-over study over five different weeks&#46; All participants were randomized to five groups&#46; They all received the same oral fat-enriched diet and different amounts of the different test beverages &#40;red wine&#44; vodka&#44; brandy or rum&#41; in order to maintain the amount of alcohol constant in each of the phases&#46; In every week&#44; they all received equal amounts of ethanol every day and only the type of alcoholic beverage changed from week to week&#46; In a fifth observation period &#40;control phase&#41; no alcoholic drinks were given&#44; although sugar was added to part of their usual water intake to compensate for the alcohol calories&#46; In the five situations&#44; caloric intake was maintained constant&#46; All participants went through the five phases&#44; with an interval of at least two weeks between each phase &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; During the 1- to 3-week washing periods&#44; participants returned to their usual dietary habits but refrained from the consumption of any alcoholic beverage&#46; Blood samples were obtained from participants after 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h fasting &#40;day 0&#41; and at day 5 after the beginning of each week of study&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Diet</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The fat-enriched diet contained 1487<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> with 654<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;44&#37;&#41; as fat&#46; The distribution of fat was 22&#37; saturated&#44; 12&#37; monounsaturated&#44; and 10&#37; polyunsaturated&#46; The food was prepared in the hospital with common solid and liquid foods and supplemented with cheese&#44; bars of a commercial chocolate&#44; and widely available sugar-enriched drinks&#46; The alcoholic beverage was administered daily at lunch and dinner &#40;60&#37; and 40&#37; of the amount&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; In all cases&#44; alcohol represented a daily total amount of 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; The content of alcohol was 12&#37; in red wine&#44; 37&#37; in rum&#44; and 35&#37; in brandy&#44; and all three drinks had been stored for three years in oak barrels&#46; Vodka was tri-distilled and contained 40&#37; alcohol&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Phenolic concentration of beverages</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total phenols&#44; expressed as gallic acid equivalents&#44; were determined using the Folin&#8211;Ciocalteu reagent as previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Lipoprotein profile and pro-inflammatory factors determination</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA&#46; After centrifugation&#44; part of the plasma samples was stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>¿C until analysis of &#945; tumor necrosis factor &#40;TNF&#945;&#41;&#44; IL-6&#44; lipid peroxidation &#40;LPO&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> and total antioxidant capacity &#40;TAC&#41; was performed&#46; Lipid determinations were performed in fresh plasma samples using standard techniques&#46; Briefly&#44; lipid profile included the following&#58; total cholesterol&#44; high-density lipoprotein &#40;HDL&#41; cholesterol&#44; low-density lipoprotein &#40;LDL&#41; cholesterol&#44; very low-density lipoprotein &#40;VLDL&#41; cholesterol and total triglycerides&#46; Lipoproteins were isolated by an ultracentrifugation method and cholesterol and triglycerides were then assayed enzymatically in the resulting subfractions &#40;HDL was obtained after treating ultracentrifugate infranatant with phosphotungstic acid-Mg&#41;&#46; Commercial enzymatic kits were used &#40;Boehringer Mannheim&#44; Mannheim&#44; Germany&#41; adapted to a RA-XT autoanalyzer &#40;Bayer Diagnostics&#44; Tarrytown&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41; LDL cholesterol was calculated as the difference between infranatant cholesterol and HDL cholesterol&#46; In all cases&#44; procedures were adapted &#40;sample&#47;reagent ratio&#41; to obtain a photometric precision equivalent to cholesterol or triglycerides concentrations in the range of 150&#8211;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to determine TNF&#945; &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41; and IL-6 &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&#44; a quantitative immunoassay using commercial kits &#40;R&#38;D Systems&#44; Inc&#46; Minneapolis&#44; USA&#41; was conducted&#46; High sensitivity C-reactive protein &#40;hsCRP&#41; &#40;mg&#47;l&#41; was determined using a latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay &#40;Ortho Clinical Diagnostic&#44; Rochester&#44; USA&#41;&#46; sPLA2 &#40;ng&#47;dl&#41; was measured using a commercial enzymatic immunoassay &#40;EIA&#44; Cayman Chemical Co&#46;&#44; Ann Arbor&#44; MI&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LPO was analyzed using a commercial kit &#40;Lipid hydroperoxide&#44; Cayman Chemical Co&#46;&#44; Ann Arbor&#44; MI&#44; USA&#41; and TAC using a commercial immunoassay &#40;Antioxidant Assay&#44; Cayman Chemical Co&#46;&#44; Ann Arbor&#44; MI&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The normality of data was calculated using the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; Data were expressed as median &#40;interquartile range&#41;&#46; We used Wilcoxon test to compare changes before and after the intervention&#46; Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test for independent samples was used to evaluate changes in plasma concentrations depending on beverages&#46; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test was used to analyze differences after intervention&#44; depending on the beverages&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Values lower than 0&#46;05 were considered significant&#46; We used SPPS 18&#46;0 for statistical analysis&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Results</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The adherence to protocol was complete&#46; Anthropometric parameters and weight were constant along the study&#46; No differences were found in lipid profile after intervention &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Fat enriched diet&#44; pro-inflammatory factors&#44; lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The fat-enriched diet led to increased plasma hsCRP when comparing basal values with fifth-day day values &#91;0&#46;5 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;2&#41; vs 1&#46;0 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;0&#41; mg&#47;l&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#93;&#46; A trend was observed toward increased plasma concentrations of TNF&#945; and IL-6 as a result of the diet but no significant differences were found&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The oral fat-enriched diet caused an increase in plasma concentrations of LPO &#91;3&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;7&#8211;7&#46;3&#41; vs 4&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;6&#8211;6&#46;0&#41; &#956;M&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#93; and a decrease in plasma concentrations of TAC &#91;17&#46;7 &#40;14&#46;0&#8211;20&#46;1&#41; vs 12&#46;7 &#40;8&#46;1&#8211;20&#46;3&#41; mM&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#93; at day 5 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Fat-enriched diet&#44; alcohol beverages and pro-inflammatory factors</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No differences were observed on hsCRP when comparing baseline values and values after intake of different alcoholic drinks at day 5&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Red wine intake decreased plasma levels of IL-6 &#91;4&#46;5 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;9&#46;1&#41; vs 4&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;6&#8211;8&#46;2&#41; pg&#47;ml&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#93;&#46; After rum&#44; brandy&#44; and vodka intake&#44; the plasma concentration of TNF&#945; and IL-6 tended to increase but no significant differences were achieved &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relative changes in circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46; After red wine intake IL-6&#44; TNF&#945; and hsCRP decreased significantly compared with an oral fat diet without ethanol beverages &#40;16&#46;74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;11&#37; vs &#8722;15&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;28&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#59; 55&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#46;8&#37; vs &#8722;28&#46;95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;7&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;016&#59; and 63&#46;71<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;66&#37; vs &#8722;9&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;06&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#44; whereas after rum&#44; brandy and vodka intake there were no differences&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No changes were found in circulating concentrations of sPLA2 after the fat-enriched diet&#44; neither taken with alcoholic beverages nor with the control drink&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Fat-enriched diet&#44; alcohol beverages&#44; lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The amounts of total polyphenols in the studied alcoholic beverages&#44; expressed as equivalents of gallic acid&#44; were the following&#58; 2660<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L red wine&#44; 357<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L rum&#44; and 89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;L brandy&#46; Vodka is the only beverage without polyphenolic compounds&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The administration of different alcohol beverages along with a fat-enriched diet did not modify the baseline concentrations of LPO&#46; It seemed that vodka intake was superior to rum intake in increasing LPO &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>A&#41;&#46; A positive correlation was found between hsCRP and LPO concentrations after red wine intake &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;57&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;042&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Red wine intake increased TAC despite a fat-enriched diet &#91;19&#46;3 &#40;16&#46;3&#8211;26&#46;2&#41; vs 22&#46;3 &#40;19&#46;7&#8211;25&#46;9&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#93; and compared to controls&#44; rum&#44; vodka and brandy intake &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> for all groups<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41;&#46; No differences were found amongst rum&#44; brandy and vodka &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>B&#41;&#46; TAC showed a negative correlation with TNF&#945; after red wine intake &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;51&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;044&#41; and with IL6 after rum intake &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;0&#46;57&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;026&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is related to a reduction in cardiovascular risk&#44; due to a beneficial effect on HDL cholesterol&#44; apoAI&#44; fibrinogen and anti-inflammatory responses&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; it seems that alcohol has different antiatherogenic effects depending on the plasma oxidative status and the type of alcohol beverage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Our study suggests that a fat-enriched diet causes a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory environment&#44; increasing hsCRP and LPO&#44; while decreasing TAC&#46; In this environment&#44; red wine intake&#44; but not other alcoholic beverages&#44; modifies the pro-inflammatory profile caused by the fat diet trough changes in serum IL-6&#44; TNF&#945;&#44; hsCRP and TAC&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Previous studies have found an association between a high-fat meal intake and inflammatory markers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> and postprandial plasma lipid peroxidation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#44;30</span></a> Our study demonstrates that this effect persists after a fat-enriched diet for 5 days&#44; without any change in lipid profile probably due to the short time of study&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is not clear whether the impact of alcoholic drinks on pro-inflammatory factors differs with the sort of alcoholic beverage&#46; Cohort studies showed an association between moderate alcohol consumption and lower concentrations of IL-6&#44; TNF&#945; and a U shape distribution of concentrations of hsCRP related to alcohol intake&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8&#44;31</span></a> In contrast&#44; a meta-analysis did not find any association between moderate alcohol consumption and pro-inflammatory factors&#44; even after the stratification of the sample according to the type of alcoholic beverage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Intervention studies in healthy volunteers have shown that beverages with a greater concentration of polyphenols&#44; such as red wine&#44; decrease the levels of these factors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a> In our study&#44; inflammatory factors such as hsCRP&#44; IL-6 and TNF&#945; were significantly decreased by red wine intake in accordance with previous studies&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No changes in sPLA2 neither after a fat-enriched meal nor after the other beverages tested were found&#46; This could be explained by the absence of changes in lipid profile after the intervention&#46; In fact&#44; in a previous study there was found a correlation between lipid concentrations and Lp-PLA2&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concerning oxidative stress&#44; it seems red wine phenols play a role in the protection of LDL against oxidative damages in vitro<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> and in vivo&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> LPO decreased after red wine intake as compared to gin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;38</span></a> They showed that red wine&#44; but not vodka intake&#44; decreased postprandial oxidative stress&#46; However&#44; some studies performed in healthy volunteers have shown that oxidizability of lipids is not affected by red wine intake&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#44;40</span></a> in agreement with our results&#46; Nevertheless&#44; we have found a trend toward an increase of LPO by vodka intake compared to brandy&#44; which could be explained by the absence of polyphenols in vodka&#46; LPO showed a weak positive correlation with hsCRP after red wine intake&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antioxidant capacity of Mediterranean diet has been widely proven&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#8211;43</span></a> Several studies have shown that a moderate red wine intake could be related to low cardiovascular risk despite fat rich meals&#44; as occurs with French diet&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> In our study&#44; fat-enriched diet decreases TAC&#44; but red wine intake compared to other beverages increase antioxidant capacity&#44; probably due to its high phenolic concentrations&#46; Previous studies have reported similar results in the postprandial state&#46; Ventura et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> observed that red wine intake counteracted the decrease in TAC originated by a high fat meal&#46; Natella et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> found an increase of TAC after red wine intake&#46; In a chronic model of alcohol or red wine consumption Micallef et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a> had similar results as they found that red wine intake promoted an antioxidant effect&#46; Nevertheless&#44; other studies did not observe any change in either a postprandial state<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> or a chronic model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is important to remind that alcohol intake has a J shape curve over cardiovascular risk and mortality&#46; In fact&#44; high alcohol intake has a deleterious effect on cardiovascular diseases and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0500"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conclusion</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moderate red wine intake&#44; as compared to other beverages with different amounts of polyphenols&#44; decreases pro-inflammatory factors and improves serum antioxidant capacity after a pro-atherogenic meal&#46; Our results emphasize the beneficial effects of moderate red wine intake in healthy population and add new information concerning the effects of red wine on sPLA2&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Diet"
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              "titulo" => "Phenolic concentration of beverages"
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              "titulo" => "Lipoprotein profile and pro-inflammatory factors determination"
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              "titulo" => "Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity"
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          "titulo" => "Results"
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              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Fat enriched diet&#44; pro-inflammatory factors&#44; lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity"
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              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Fat-enriched diet&#44; alcohol beverages and pro-inflammatory factors"
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              "titulo" => "Fat-enriched diet&#44; alcohol beverages&#44; lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-03-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-07-08"
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            0 => "Alcohol intake"
            1 => "Oral fat diet"
            2 => "Inflammation"
            3 => "Oxidative stress"
          ]
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Consumo de alcohol"
            1 => "Dieta rica en grasas"
            2 => "Inflamaci&#243;n"
            3 => "Estr&#233;s oxidativo"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Different alcoholic beverages exert different effects on inflammation and oxidative stress but these results are controversial and scanty in some aspects&#46; We analyze the effect of different alcoholic beverages after a fat-enriched diet on lipid profile&#44; inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in healthy people in a controlled environment&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We have performed a cross-over design in five different weeks&#46; Sixteen healthy volunteers have received the same oral fat-enriched diet &#40;1486<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; and a daily total amount of 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> of alcohol&#44; of different beverages &#40;red wine&#44; vodka&#44; brandy or rum&#41; and equivalent caloric intakes as sugar with water in the control group&#46; We have measured the levels of serum lipids&#44; high sensitivity C-reactive protein &#40;hsCRP&#41;&#44; tumor necrosis factor &#945; &#40;TNF&#945;&#41;&#44; interleukin 6 &#40;IL-6&#41;&#44; soluble phospholipase A2 &#40;sPLA2&#41;&#44; lipid peroxidation &#40;LPO&#41; and total antioxidant capacity &#40;TAC&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Red wine intake was associated with decreased of mean concentrations of hsCRP&#44; TNF&#945; and IL-6 induced by fat-enriched diet &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#59; nevertheless&#44; sPLA2 concentrations were not significantly modified&#46; After a fat-enriched diet added with red wine&#44; TAC increased as compared to the same diet supplemented with rum&#44; brandy&#44; vodka or the control &#40;water with sugar&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Moderate red wine intake&#44; but not other alcoholic beverages&#44; decreased pro-inflammatory factors and increased total antioxidant capacity despite a fat-enriched diet intake in healthy young volunteers&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Introduction"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El efecto de las bebidas alcoh&#243;licas sobre la inflamaci&#243;n y el estr&#233;s oxidativo es variable y solo parcialmente conocido&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#58; analizar el efecto de diferentes bebidas alcoh&#243;licas sobre el perfil lip&#237;dico&#44; factores de inflamaci&#243;n y estr&#233;s oxidativo en personas sanas con ingesta de una dieta enriquecida en grasas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se dise&#241;&#243; un estudio cruzado durante cinco semanas&#46; Diecis&#233;is voluntarios sanos recibieron la misma dieta enriquecida con grasa oral &#40;1&#46;486<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kcal&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; m&#225;s 16<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> de alcohol diarios&#44; consumido como vino tinto&#44; vodka&#44; brandy o ron&#44; o un equivalente cal&#243;rico en el grupo control &#40;az&#250;car y agua&#41;&#46; Se midieron l&#237;pidos en suero&#44; prote&#237;na C reactiva de alta sensibilidad &#40;PCR-as&#41;&#44; factor de necrosis tumoral &#40;TNF&#41; &#945;&#44; interleucina 6 &#40;IL-6&#41;&#44; fosfolipasa A2 soluble &#40;sPLA2&#41;&#44; la peroxidaci&#243;n lip&#237;dica &#40;LPO&#41; y la capacidad antioxidante total &#40;TAC&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La ingesta de vino tinto se asoci&#243; con una disminuci&#243;n significativa de las concentraciones de PCR-as&#44; TNF&#945; e IL-6&#44; inducida por una dieta rica en grasas &#40;p &#60;0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Las concentraciones de sPLA2 no se modificaron&#46; El consumo de vino tinto&#44; a&#250;n con una dieta rica en grasas&#44; aument&#243; la capacidad antioxidante total comparada con el ron&#44; brandy&#44; vodka o el control &#40;agua con az&#250;car&#41; &#40;p &#60;0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La ingesta moderada de vino tinto&#44; pero no de otras bebidas alcoh&#243;licas&#44; disminuy&#243; las concentraciones de factores proinflamatorios y aument&#243; la capacidad antioxidante total&#44; a pesar de la dieta enriquecida en grasa en voluntarios j&#243;venes sanos&#46;</p></span>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative changes in IL-6 &#40;A&#41;&#44; TNF&#945; &#40;B&#41; and hsCRP &#40;C&#41; and sPLA2 &#40;D&#41; after an oral fat diet and different beverages intake&#46; Data are shown as percentages&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative changes in lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity after an oral fat diet and different beverages intake&#46; Data are shown as percentages&#46; &#35; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#44; &#42; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Oral fat diet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Red wine&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rum&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Brandy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vodka&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">166 &#40;143&#8211;185&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">167 &#40;151&#8211;186&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">172 &#40;158&#8211;187&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">163 &#40;153&#8211;183&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">168 &#40;157&#8211;195&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">162 &#40;151&#8211;177&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;96&#8211;112&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;94&#8211;111&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">102 &#40;93&#8211;113&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">101 &#40;90&#8211;109&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">105 &#40;98&#8211;124&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">104 &#40;90&#8211;113&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;44&#8211;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;44&#8211;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;44&#8211;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52 &#40;42&#8211;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55 &#40;43&#8211;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;43&#8211;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Apo B &#40;g&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;59&#8211;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;61&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">68 &#40;61&#8211;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66 &#40;55&#8211;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">67 &#40;61&#8211;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;54&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Apo A1 &#40;g&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">149 &#40;134&#8211;157&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">145 &#40;124&#8211;164&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">148 &#40;133&#8211;156&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">144 &#40;129&#8211;156&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150 &#40;134&#8211;159&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">140 &#40;134&#8211;154&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TG &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;56&#8211;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">82 &#40;60&#8211;92&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74 &#40;66&#8211;113&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80 &#40;69&#8211;103&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79 &#40;64&#8211;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79 &#40;71&#8211;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">VLDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;4&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;3&#8211;11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;4&#8211;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;5&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;4&#8211;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;4&#8211;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Oral fat diet</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Red wine</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rum</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Brandy</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Vodka</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5 day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IL-6 &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5 &#40;2&#46;0&#8211;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;4 &#40;2&#46;6&#8211;6&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;5 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;9&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;6&#8211;8&#46;2&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;3 &#40;3&#46;0&#8211;9&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;9 &#40;2&#46;7&#8211;11&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;1 &#40;1&#46;8&#8211;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;4 &#40;2&#46;9&#8211;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;8&#8211;7&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;2 &#40;2&#46;1&#8211;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TNF&#945; &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;8 &#40;4&#46;0&#8211;8&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;0 &#40;5&#46;1&#8211;10&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;9 &#40;6&#46;1&#8211;8&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;7&#8211;9&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;4 &#40;3&#46;2&#8211;8&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;8&#8211;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;7 &#40;5&#46;4&#8211;9&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;2 &#40;3&#46;3&#8211;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;3 &#40;2&#46;9&#8211;9&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;8&#8211;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">hsCRP &#40;mg&#47;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;9&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;4 &#40;0&#46;2&#8211;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;9 &#40;0&#46;2&#8211;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;8&#8211;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#46;1&#8211;1&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;2 &#40;3&#46;3&#8211;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;7 &#40;0&#46;2&#8211;1&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;8&#8211;11&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">sPLA2 &#40;ng&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">474&#46;9 &#40;297&#46;2&#8211;934&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">411&#46;1 &#40;230&#46;3&#8211;701&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">353&#46;4 &#40;263&#46;2&#8211;1040&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">353&#46;9 &#40;149&#46;3&#8211;937&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">731&#46;1 &#40;362&#46;2&#8211;1010&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">434&#46;7 &#40;169&#46;0&#8211;1417&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">496&#46;6 &#40;294&#46;6&#8211;874&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">501&#46;3 &#40;258&#46;7&#8211;1077&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">431&#46;4 &#40;266&#46;5&#8211;921&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">538&#46;8 &#40;306&#46;1&#8211;1327&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LPO &#40;&#956;M&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;7&#8211;7&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;6&#8211;6&#46;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;8 &#40;3&#46;4&#8211;8&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;3 &#40;2&#46;9&#8211;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;9 &#40;2&#46;4&#8211;4&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;8&#8211;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;2&#8211;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;8&#8211;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;6&#8211;5&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;2&#8211;7&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TAC &#40;mM&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;7 &#40;14&#46;0&#8211;20&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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        "texto" => "<p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Torres&#44; Cachofeiro&#44; Mill&#225;n&#44; Lahera&#44; Bello and Alvarez-Sala belong to Red de Investigaci&#243;n Cardiovascular &#40;RIC&#44; Instituto Carlos III&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain&#41;&#44; RD 12&#47;0042&#47;0033&#46; Nieto and Mart&#237;n belong to Red de Investigaci&#243;n Cardiovascular &#40;Instituto Carlos III&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain&#41;&#44; RD 12&#47;0042&#47;0026&#46; This study has been partially supported with grant <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias</span><span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">FIS01&#47;0602</span>&#46;</p>"
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Original article
DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.07.002
Red wine intake but not other alcoholic beverages increases total antioxidant capacity and improves pro-inflammatory profile after an oral fat diet in healthy volunteers
El consumo de vino tinto pero no otras bebidas alcohólicas aumenta la capacidad antioxidante y mejora el perfil pro-inflamatorio después de una dieta rica en grasas oral en voluntarios sanos
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A. Torresa,c, V. Cachofeirob,c, J. Millána,c, V. Laherab,c, M.L. Nietod, R. Martínd, E. Belloa,c, L.A. Alvarez-Salaa,c,
Autor para correspondencia
lalvarezsalaw@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Internal Medicine, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
b Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
c Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
d Instituto Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVA, Valladolid, Spain
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