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their correlation with the extension of the infarction has not been studied&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between HDL-C levels and the areas of myocardial necrosis estimated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance &#40;CMR&#41; in patients with acute myocardial infarction with persistent ST-segment elevation &#40;STE-AMI&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed patients admitted to the Coronary Unit of the University General Hospital of Valencia with the diagnosis of STE-AMI and who underwent a strategy of reperfusion for 3 consecutive years &#40;from January 2009 to December 2011&#41;&#46; Following the clinical practice guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> the diagnosis of STE-AMI was determined in those patients with ischemic symptoms&#44; persistent ST-segment elevation in the electrocardiogram &#40;ECG&#41; and typical elevation of myocardial necrosis biomarkers&#46; All patients were included whose lipid profile was determined during hospitalization and who underwent a myocardial viability study by CMR in the first week post infarct&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients&#8217; history was recorded&#44; along with vascular risk factors&#44; the reperfusion technique used &#40;pharmaceutical thrombolysis or percutaneous intervention&#41;&#44; the ischemia time and various laboratory values obtained in the initial 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of hospitalization&#44; including fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin&#44; lipid profile&#44; hemoglobin&#44; creatinine and C-reactive protein &#40;CRP&#41;&#44; as well as the maximum troponin value <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> serially every 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h as an indirect estimate of myocardial damage&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample was divided into 2 groups based on the HDL-C readings&#44; considering low levels as &#8804;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl according to current recommendations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The HDL-C values were determined using an immunoassay in an AU 5420 analyzer &#40;Beckman Coulter Inc&#46;&#44; United States&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The CMR studies were conducted in a 1&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T unit &#40;Magneton Sonata&#44; Siemens&#44; Germany&#41; in the first 7 days after the infarct&#46; The functional images of the long and short axes were obtained using sequences coupled with steady-state free precession ECG &#40;SSFP&#41;&#46; The left ventricle ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41; and the indexed left ventricle telediastolic volume were calculated using manual tracing of the endo- and epicardial lines in successive slices on the short axis in end-systole and end-diastole&#46; Late gadolinium enhancement &#40;LGE&#41; images for measuring the necrotic area were acquired after intravenous administration of 0&#46;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg of 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M gadobenate dimeglumine&#46; The areas with LGE were identified by visual inspection&#46; We used breath-hold ECG-synchronized short-axis early-phase images using single-shot inversion recovery-SSFP &#40;IR-SSFP&#41;&#44; with a long inversion time &#40;IT&#41; to differentiate normal myocardium from necrotic myocardium and microvascular obstruction &#40;MVO&#41;&#46; After 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; the same sequences were repeated in short axis&#44; adjusting the IT to the normal myocardium&#44; as well as breath-hold&#44; turbo fast low-angle shot &#40;FLASH&#41; &#40;2D and 3D&#41; segmented sequences&#46; The MVO areas were defined as hypointense areas in the early sequences of myocardial suppression and with peripheral uptake of contrast in the late sequences &#40;donut-like&#41;&#46; A standard model of 17 cardiac segments<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> was used to quantitatively determine the transmural LGE area &#40;defined as an involvement of greater than 50&#37; of the myocardial parietal thickness&#41; that was considered not viable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Furthermore&#44; the percentage of LGE compared with the total myocardial mass was calculated&#46; The image analysis was conducted at a specific workstation &#40;Argus Siemens&#44; Erlangen&#44; Germany&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All quantitative variables were compared using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and an analysis of variance&#46; We used a simple linear regression model to assess the relationship between the HDL-C values and the extent of the necrotic area determined by CMR&#46; The analysis was performed using the SPSS 17&#46;00 program &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; 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Therefore&#44; the number of segments with transmural late gadolinium enhancement &#40;4&#46;7 vs&#46; 2&#46;1&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; as the percentage of necrotic myocardial area compared with the total myocardial mass &#40;18&#46;2 vs&#46; 11&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41; were significantly greater in the patients with HDL &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; These patients showed a significantly lower LVEF &#40;49&#46;7&#37;&#41; than the patients with HDL-C levels &#62;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;57&#46;2&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The differences between the mean values obtained in patients with HDL-C levels &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl and those with HDL-C levels &#62;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl were as follows&#58; &#40;a&#41; segments with transmural LGE&#58; 2&#46;03 &#40;1&#46;23&#8211;2&#46;82&#41;&#59; &#40;b&#41; the percentage of necrotic myocardial area compared with the total myocardial mass&#58; 6&#46;93&#37; &#40;1&#46;7&#8211;12&#46;15&#41;&#59; and &#40;c&#41; the difference when compared to LVEF&#58; 7&#46;52&#37; &#40;3&#46;76&#8211;11&#46;27&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The biochemical analysis found mean values of CRP on admission that were higher in the patients with HDL-C levels &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41; than in patients with HDL-C levels &#62;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;0&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;04&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recent studies have found an inverse correlation between HDL-C readings and vascular risk and show a high prevalence of low HDL-C levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome &#40;ACS&#41; in our community&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> In our study&#44; almost 70&#37; of the patients had HDL-C values &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl on admission&#46; There was a tendency toward a greater prevalence of low HDL-C levels in diabetic and smoking patients&#46; The reduction in HDL-C levels was associated with the presence of a greater extension of the myocardial necrosis area and a lower LVEF&#46; A singular finding of this study was that the patients with decreased HDL-C showed higher mean CRP levels&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The high prevalence of HDL-C levels &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;69&#37;&#41; observed in our study could be explained by the characteristics of the sample&#44; which was limited to patients with STE-AMI&#44; in contrast to other studies that included patients from across the ACS spectrum or even patients with nonischemic chest pain&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association of decreased HDL-C levels with high levels of CRP&#44; smoking and diabetes supports current evidence that relates low HDL-C levels with inflammatory processes of the vascular wall&#44; lipoprotein oxidation and endothelial dysfunction and partially explains the persistent residual risk in patients who have achieved the goal of HDL-C therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In recent years&#44; interest has grown in the role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In this study&#44; the patients with decreased HDL-C had a larger infarct area&#44; despite the fact that both groups were homogeneous in the distribution of the variables that affect the extent of the myocardial necrosis area&#44; such as age&#44; ischemia time&#44; reperfusion strategy and the number of coronary arteries with significant stenosis&#46; The joint association of energy metabolism disorders and the activation of the immune system consolidate the current evidence that suggests common etiopathogenetic mechanisms in the promotion and progression of atherothrombosis&#44; with a greater degree of cell apoptosis by ischemia&#8211;reperfusion in these patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which could partially explain the results obtained&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first study that significantly relates HDL-C values with the extent of the necrotic area in patients with STE-AMI&#46; The results emphasize the importance of appropriate lipid control in patients with STE-AMI&#46; When considering their treatment&#44; we must consider not only the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level&#44; as recommended by the clinical practice guidelines&#44; but also the HDL-C&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of this study include its single-center and retrospective nature&#44; the small sample size that does not allow for a multivariate analysis&#44; the selection bias caused by the inclusion of only patients with CMR studies during admission and the possible variations in the concentration of lipoproteins in the initial hours following ACS&#44; although their statistical significance is debatable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We can conclude&#44; therefore&#44; that low HDL-C readings are common in patients with STE-AMI and are associated with a larger area of myocardial necrosis and poorer LVEF&#44; variables acertained using CMR&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors report no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres61015"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Introduction and aim"
            2 => "Methods"
            3 => "Results"
            4 => "Conclusions"
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        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec52387"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres61016"
          "titulo" => array:5 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Introducci&#243;n y objetivo"
            2 => "Pacientes y m&#233;todos"
            3 => "Resultados"
            4 => "Conclusiones"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec52386"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
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        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
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        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results"
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        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
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          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-05-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2012-07-08"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec52387"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "High-density lipoproteins"
            1 => "Acute myocardial infarction"
            2 => "Myocardial necrosis"
            3 => "Cardiac magnetic resonance"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec52386"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidad"
            1 => "Infarto agudo de miocardio"
            2 => "Necrosis mioc&#225;rdica"
            3 => "Resonancia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction and aim</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;HDLC&#41; is a prognostic factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome&#46; The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between HDLC and myocardial necrosis estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance &#40;CMR&#41; in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; and reperfusion strategy&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective analysis of 139 patients &#40;mean age 59&#46;8 years&#59; 79&#37; men&#41; admitted with STEMI who underwent a CMR in the first week&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">With a comparable reperfusion strategy used and time of ischemia&#44; patients with HDLC &#8804;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;69&#37; of total&#41; had more extensive areas of myocardial necrosis after STEMI&#44; in number of segments with late gadolinium enhancement &#40;RTG&#41; with transmural necrosis pattern &#40;4&#46;7 vs&#46; 2&#46;1&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and in percentage of RTG with respect to total mass myocardial &#40;18&#46;2 vs&#46; 11&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#44; and worst left ventricular ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41; &#40;49&#46;7 vs&#46; 57&#46;2&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conclude that low HDLC are very common in patients with STEMI and associated with increased necrosis and a worse LVEF in the CRM study&#46;</p>"
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      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n y objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las concentraciones plasm&#225;ticas de colesterol unido a lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidad &#40;cHDL&#41; descendidas constituyen un indicador de mal pron&#243;stico en pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo&#46; Hemos evaluado la relaci&#243;n entre las cifras de cHDL y la extensi&#243;n de la necrosis mioc&#225;rdica estimada por cardiorresonancia magn&#233;tica en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevaci&#243;n persistente del segmento ST en quienes se indic&#243; reperfusi&#243;n mioc&#225;rdica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis retrospectivo de 139 pacientes &#40;edad media&#58; 59&#44;8 a&#241;os&#59; hombres&#58; 79&#37;&#41; ingresados por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevaci&#243;n persistente del segmento ST y a quienes se efectu&#243; una cardiorresonancia magn&#233;tica&#46; Las im&#225;genes indicativas de necrosis mioc&#225;rdica &#40;realce tard&#237;o del gadolinio&#41; se cuantificaron y relacionaron con la concentraci&#243;n de cHDL&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con cHDL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl &#40;69&#37; del total&#41;&#44; en comparaci&#243;n con los que ten&#237;an un cHDL &#62;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; mostraron un &#225;rea de necrosis mioc&#225;rdica m&#225;s extensa&#58; el n&#250;mero de segmentos mioc&#225;rdicos con patr&#243;n de necrosis transmural fue significativamente mayor &#40;4&#44;7 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 2&#44;1&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; al igual que el porcentaje de necrosis mioc&#225;rdica de la masa mioc&#225;rdica total &#40;18&#44;2 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 11&#44;3&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;01&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con disminuci&#243;n de cHDL tuvieron una menor fracci&#243;n de eyecci&#243;n del ventr&#237;culo izquierdo &#40;49&#44;7 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs&#46;</span> 57&#44;2&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La concentraci&#243;n de cHDL disminuido es muy frecuente en los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevaci&#243;n persistente del segmento ST&#46; Este descenso de cHDL se asoci&#243; a una mayor &#225;rea de necrosis y peor fracci&#243;n de eyecci&#243;n del ventr&#237;culo izquierdo&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Fabregat-Andr&#233;s &#211;&#44; et al&#46; Lipoprote&#237;nas de alta densidad y necrosis mioc&#225;rdica en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevaci&#243;n del segmento ST&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2013&#59;213&#58;75&#8211;80&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;HDL-C&#41; concentration and left ventricle ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LVEF&#58; left ventricle ejection fraction&#59; Hba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1c</span>&#58; glycated hemoglobin&#59; PCI&#58; percutaneous coronary intervention&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; MVO&#58; microvascular obstruction pattern&#59; CRP&#58; C-reactive protein not ultrasensitive at admission&#59; percentage of necrosis&#58; percentage of myocardial necrosis estimated by the area of LGE compared with the total myocardial mass&#59; LGE&#58; late gadolinium enhancement&#59; LVEDV&#58; left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed by body mass&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The continuous variables are expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation and the discrete variables as percentages&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> is significant when &#8804;&#46;05&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Type 2 diabetes &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertension &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dyslipidemia &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Previous ischemic heart disease &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Smoking &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous drug treatment</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acetylsalicylic acid &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Statins &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fibrates &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Biochemical values on admission</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Baseline glucose &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">114&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">116&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">108&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HbA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1c</span> &#40;&#37;&#41; in diabetics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total cholesterol &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">163&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">154&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">186&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HDL-C &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">112&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>36&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>35&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>37&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Triglycerides &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">148&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>82&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">155&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>89&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">131&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>62&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinine &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;89<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobin &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCR &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Characteristics of acute coronary syndrome</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Maximum troponin value <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>115&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Primary PCI &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Effective thrombolysis &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rescue PCI &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemia time &#40;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">212<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>158&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">221<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>172&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">192<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>117&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Anterior location &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&#46; of vessels with stenosis &#62;70&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;49<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&#46; of implanted stents&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Overall patient characteristics according to the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &#40;HDL-C&#41; concentration&#46;</p>"
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          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">What we know&#63;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reduction in the concentration of HDL-C has been associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome&#44; but its correlation with the extent of the myocardial infarct area &#40;myocardial necrosis&#41; has not been studied&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">What this article provides&#63;</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This single-center study of 139 patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation had a prevalence of HDL-C levels &#60;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl of 69&#37;&#46; The patients with decreased HDL-C showed a greater necrotic area in the CMR and a lower LVEF than the patients with higher levels of HDL-C&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                            2 => "F&#46; de &#193;lvaro"
                            3 => "C&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-P&#233;rez"
                            4 => "J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Esteban"
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                            3 => "W&#46;J&#46; S&#225;ciela"
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Journal Information
Vol. 213. Issue 2.
Pages 75-80 (March 2013)
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Vol. 213. Issue 2.
Pages 75-80 (March 2013)
Original
High-density lipoproteins and myocardial necrosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST segment elevation
Lipoproteínas de alta densidad y necrosis miocárdica en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevación del segmento ST
Ó. Fabregat-Andrésa,
Corresponding author
osfan@comv.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Ferrando-Beltrána, E. Lucas-Inarejosa, J. Estornell-Erillb, L. Fácilaa, F. Ridocci-Sorianoa
a Servicio de Cardiología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
b Unidad de TAC y RMN, Eresa, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Table 1. Overall patient characteristics according to the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration.
Abstract
Introduction and aim

Low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is a prognostic factor in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between HDLC and myocardial necrosis estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and reperfusion strategy.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 139 patients (mean age 59.8 years; 79% men) admitted with STEMI who underwent a CMR in the first week.

Results

With a comparable reperfusion strategy used and time of ischemia, patients with HDLC ≤40mg/dl (69% of total) had more extensive areas of myocardial necrosis after STEMI, in number of segments with late gadolinium enhancement (RTG) with transmural necrosis pattern (4.7 vs. 2.1%, p<.001) and in percentage of RTG with respect to total mass myocardial (18.2 vs. 11.3%, p<.01), and worst left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (49.7 vs. 57.2%, p<.001).

Conclusions

We conclude that low HDLC are very common in patients with STEMI and associated with increased necrosis and a worse LVEF in the CRM study.

Keywords:
High-density lipoproteins
Acute myocardial infarction
Myocardial necrosis
Cardiac magnetic resonance
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Las concentraciones plasmáticas de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) descendidas constituyen un indicador de mal pronóstico en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Hemos evaluado la relación entre las cifras de cHDL y la extensión de la necrosis miocárdica estimada por cardiorresonancia magnética en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevación persistente del segmento ST en quienes se indicó reperfusión miocárdica.

Pacientes y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de 139 pacientes (edad media: 59,8 años; hombres: 79%) ingresados por infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación persistente del segmento ST y a quienes se efectuó una cardiorresonancia magnética. Las imágenes indicativas de necrosis miocárdica (realce tardío del gadolinio) se cuantificaron y relacionaron con la concentración de cHDL.

Resultados

Los pacientes con cHDL40mg/dl (69% del total), en comparación con los que tenían un cHDL >40mg/dl, mostraron un área de necrosis miocárdica más extensa: el número de segmentos miocárdicos con patrón de necrosis transmural fue significativamente mayor (4,7 vs. 2,1; p<0,001), al igual que el porcentaje de necrosis miocárdica de la masa miocárdica total (18,2 vs. 11,3%; p=0,01). Los pacientes con disminución de cHDL tuvieron una menor fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (49,7 vs. 57,2%; p<0,001).

Conclusiones

La concentración de cHDL disminuido es muy frecuente en los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y elevación persistente del segmento ST. Este descenso de cHDL se asoció a una mayor área de necrosis y peor fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo.

Palabras clave:
Lipoproteínas de alta densidad
Infarto agudo de miocardio
Necrosis miocárdica
Resonancia magnética cardíaca

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