array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0014256511700030"
  "issn" => "00142565"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S0014-2565(11)70003-0"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-03-01"
  "aid" => "70003"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España S.L."
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2011;211 Supl 1:8-14"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 539
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 449
      "PDF" => 90
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256511700042"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0014-2565(11)70004-2"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-03-01"
    "aid" => "70004"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier España S.L."
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2011;211 Supl 1:15-20"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 597
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 395
        "PDF" => 202
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Prevenci&#243;n del desarrollo de lesi&#243;n org&#225;nica en los diferentes estadios del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">continuum</span> cardiorrenal</span>"
      "titulo" => "Nefroprotecci&#243;n y riesgo vascular&#58; prevenci&#243;n del da&#241;o renal en la hipertensi&#243;n arterial"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "15"
          "paginaFinal" => "20"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Nephroprotection and vascular risk&#58; prevention of renal damage in hypertension"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;M&#46; Galcer&#225;n Gui"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Galcer&#225;n Gui"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256511700042?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/00000211000000S1/v1_201302081047/S0014256511700042/v1_201302081047/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256511700029"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S0014-2565(11)70002-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-03-01"
    "aid" => "70002"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a S&#46;L&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2011;211 Supl 1:2-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 674
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 529
        "PDF" => 145
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Prevenci&#243;n del desarrollo de lesi&#243;n org&#225;nica en los diferentes estadios del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">continuum</span> cardiorrenal</span>"
      "titulo" => "Control del riesgo cardiovascular en el anciano"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "2"
          "paginaFinal" => "7"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Control of cardiovascular risk in the elderly"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Ruiz Cantero"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ruiz Cantero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256511700029?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/00000211000000S1/v1_201302081047/S0014256511700029/v1_201302081047/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Prevenci&#243;n del desarrollo de lesi&#243;n org&#225;nica en los diferentes estadios del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">continuum</span> cardiorrenal</span>"
    "titulo" => "Prevenci&#243;n de la progresi&#243;n y regresi&#243;n de la lesi&#243;n org&#225;nica&#46; Estrategias de futuro"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "8"
        "paginaFinal" => "14"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "A&#46; de la Sierra"
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "de la Sierra"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "adelasierra&#64;mutuaterrassa&#46;es"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Hipertensi&#243;n&#44; Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital M&#250;tua Terrassa&#44; Universidad de Barcelona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Prevention of progression and regression of target organ damage&#46; Future strategies"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18100"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Sistema renina-angiotensina"
            1 => "Enfermedad cardiovascular"
            2 => "Riesgo residual"
            3 => "Prevenci&#243;n"
            4 => "Lesi&#243;n org&#225;nica"
            5 => "Continuo cardiorrenal"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18099"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Renin-angiotensin system"
            1 => "Cardiovascular disease"
            2 => "Residual risk"
            3 => "Prevention"
            4 => "Organ lesion"
            5 => "Cardiorenal disease continuum"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento con bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina &#40;inhibidores de la enzima de conversi&#243;n de la angiotensina y antagonistas del receptor AT1&#41; ha demostrado beneficios evidentes en los diferentes estadios evolutivos de la enfermedad cardiovascular &#40;ECV&#41;&#46; Dicho tratamiento reduce la presi&#243;n arterial y previene la aparici&#243;n de marcadores subcl&#237;nicos como la microalbuminuria&#44; reduce los episodios cardiovasculares y renales en pacientes con lesi&#243;n subcl&#237;nica y alarga la supervivencia en pacientes con enfermedad cl&#237;nica o disfunci&#243;n org&#225;nica&#46; A pesar de este beneficio incuestionable&#44; el riesgo residual de los pacientes que reciben dichos tratamientos sigue siendo&#44; en muchos casos&#44; muy elevado&#44; por lo que es necesario planificar estrategias que permitan reducir dicho riesgo&#46; En el presente art&#237;culo se revisan opciones que pueden ayudar a reducir la enfermedad cardiovascular m&#225;s all&#225; del tratamiento con bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina y que van desde la prevenci&#243;n primordial en el individuo sano&#44; objetivos terap&#233;uticos m&#225;s estrictos&#44; control integral del riesgo&#44; bloqueo m&#225;s completo del sistema o el empleo de f&#225;rmacos que presenten mecanismos de sinergismo en su capacidad protectora&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers &#40;angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists&#41; has shown clear benefits in distinct stages of cardiovascular disease &#40;CVD&#41;&#46; This treatment lowers blood pressure and prevents the appearance of markers of subclinical disease such as microalbuminuria&#44; reduces cardiovascular and renal episodes in patients with subclinical lesions and prolongs survival in patients with clinical disease or organ dysfunction&#46; Despite this unquestionable benefit&#44; the residual risk in patients receiving these treatments often continues to be highly elevated and consequently strategies to reduce this risk are required&#46; The present article reviews the options that may help to reduce cardiovascular disease&#46; In addition to renin-angiotensin system blockers&#44; these treatments include primary prevention in healthy individuals&#44; stricter therapeutic goals&#44; comprehensive risk control&#44; more complete blocking of the renin-angiotensin system and the use of drugs with synergistic protective mechanisms&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:48 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction&#58; a systematic overview of data from individual patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;D&#46; Flather"
                            1 => "S&#46; Yusuf"
                            2 => "L&#46; Kober"
                            3 => "M&#46; Pfeffer"
                            4 => "A&#46; Hall"
                            5 => "G&#46; Murray"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "355"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1581"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10821360"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Overview of randomized trial of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Garg"
                            1 => "S&#46; Yusuf"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "273"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1450"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1456"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7654275"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Randomised trial of perindopril-based blood pressure lowering regimen among 6&#44;105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "PROGRESS Collaborative Group"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06178-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1033"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1041"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11589932"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor&#44; ramipril&#44; on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200001203420301"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "342"
                        "paginaInicial" => "145"
                        "paginaFinal" => "153"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10639539"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease&#58; meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;R&#46; Law"
                            1 => "J&#46;K&#46; Morris"
                            2 => "N&#46;J&#46; Wald"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "338"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1665"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antihypertensive&#44; cardiovascular&#44; and pleiotropic effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Sierra"
                            1 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "435"
                        "paginaFinal" => "441"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046901"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A randomized trial of the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "For the Val-HeFT Investigators"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Cohn"
                            1 => "G&#46; Tognoni"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Eng J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "345"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1667"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1675"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of candesartan on in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors&#58; the Charm-Alternative trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;B&#46; Granger"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; McMurray"
                            2 => "S&#46; Yusf"
                            3 => "P&#46; Held"
                            4 => "E&#46;L&#46; Michelson"
                            5 => "B&#46; Olofsson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "362"
                        "paginaInicial" => "772"
                        "paginaFinal" => "776"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678870"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#58; a randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The Telmisartan Randomised Assessment Study in ACE intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease &#40;TRANSCEND&#41; Investigators"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61242-8"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "372"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1174"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1183"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757085"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Valsartan&#44; captopril&#44; or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure&#44; left ventricular dysfunction&#44; or both"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "For the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Pfeffer"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46;V&#46; McMurray"
                            2 => "E&#46;J&#46; Velazquez"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Rouleau"
                            4 => "L&#46; K&#248;ber"
                            5 => "A&#46;P&#46; Maggioni"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa032292"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "349"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1893"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1906"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14610160"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Telmisartan&#44; ramipril&#44; or both in patients at high risk for vascular events"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The ONTARGET Investigators"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0801317"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1547"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1559"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18378520"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study &#40;LIFE&#41;&#58; a randomised trial against atenolol"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            1 => "R&#46;B&#46; Devereux"
                            2 => "S&#46;E&#46; Kjeldsen"
                            3 => "S&#46; Julius"
                            4 => "G&#46; Beevers"
                            5 => "U&#46; de Faire"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08089-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "359"
                        "paginaInicial" => "995"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1003"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11937178"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Morbidity and mortality after stroke&#44; eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention&#46; Principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study &#40;MOSES&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Schrader"
                            1 => "S&#46; L&#252;ders"
                            2 => "A&#46; Kulschewski"
                            3 => "F&#46; Hammersen"
                            4 => "K&#46; Plate"
                            5 => "J&#46; Berger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.STR.0000166048.35740.a9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Stroke"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1218"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1226"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879332"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine&#58; the VALUE randomised trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Julius"
                            1 => "S&#46;E&#46; Kjeldsen"
                            2 => "M&#46; Weber"
                            3 => "H&#46;R&#46; Brunner"
                            4 => "S&#46; Ekman"
                            5 => "L&#46; Hansson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16451-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "363"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2022"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2031"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15207952"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Renin inhibition in hypertension"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46;H&#46; Gradman"
                            1 => "R&#46; Kad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.027"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "519"
                        "paginaFinal" => "528"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237679"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Dzau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "numero" => "suppl 1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S17"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relaci&#243;n entre el perfil de riesgo cardiovascular y la selecci&#243;n y utilizaci&#243;n de los f&#225;rmacos antihipertensivos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                            1 => "L&#46;M&#46; Ruilope"
                            2 => "A&#46; Coca"
                            3 => "M&#46; Luque-Otero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "41"
                        "paginaFinal" => "45"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Continued improvement in hypertension management in England&#58; results from the Health Survey for England 2006"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Falaschetti"
                            1 => "M&#46; Chaudhury"
                            2 => "J&#46; Mindell"
                            3 => "N&#46; Poulter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.125617"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hypertension"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "480"
                        "paginaFinal" => "485"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19204180"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of antihypertensive drugs in three European countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Nicotra"
                            1 => "B&#46; Wettermark"
                            2 => "M&#46;C&#46; Sturkenboom"
                            3 => "A&#46; Parodi"
                            4 => "R&#46; Bellocco"
                            5 => "A&#46; Ekbom"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832d4692"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1917"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1922"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506527"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#191;Es posible conseguir una mayor reducci&#243;n de la morbimortalidad cardiovascular en los pacientes ya tratados con bloqueadores del sistema renin-angiotensina&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                            1 => "L&#46;M&#46; Ruilope"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "135"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "214"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Worldwide prevalence of hypertension&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Kearney"
                            1 => "M&#46; Whelton"
                            2 => "K&#46; Reynolds"
                            3 => "P&#46;K&#46; Whelton"
                            4 => "J&#46; He"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "19"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15106785"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hypertension Prevalence and Blood Pressure Levels in 6 European Countries&#44; Canada&#44; and the United States"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Wolf-Maier"
                            1 => "R&#46;S&#46; Cooper"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Banegas"
                            3 => "S&#46; Giampaoli"
                            4 => "H&#46;W&#46; Hense"
                            5 => "M&#46; Joffres"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.289.18.2363"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "289"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2363"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2369"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12746359"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of blood pressure control outside the medical setting"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Banegas"
                            1 => "J&#46; Segura"
                            2 => "J&#46; Sobrino"
                            3 => "F&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Artalejo"
                            4 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                            5 => "J&#46;J&#46; De la Cruz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1161/01.HYP.0000250557.63490.55"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hypertension"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "62"
                        "paginaFinal" => "68"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075026"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular prevention guidelines in daily practice&#58; a comparison of EUROASPIRE I&#44; II&#44; and III surveys in eight European countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Kotseva"
                            1 => "D&#46; Wood"
                            2 => "G&#46; De Backer"
                            3 => "D&#46; De Bacquer"
                            4 => "K&#46; Pyorala"
                            5 => "U&#46; Keil"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60330-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "373"
                        "paginaInicial" => "929"
                        "paginaFinal" => "940"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286092"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Shattuck Lecture&#46; The hypertension paradox--more uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;V&#46; Chobanian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMsa0903829"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "361"
                        "paginaInicial" => "878"
                        "paginaFinal" => "887"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710486"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Blood pressure control in the hypertensive population&#46; What else the doctor can do&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833a50d4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1129"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1130"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20467266"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality&#58; a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Prospective Studies Collaboration"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "360"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1903"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1913"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493255"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; LaRosa"
                            1 => "S&#46;M&#46; Grundy"
                            2 => "D&#46;D&#46; Waters"
                            3 => "C&#46; Shear"
                            4 => "P&#46; Barter"
                            5 => "J&#46;C&#46; Fruchart"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa050461"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "352"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1425"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1435"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15755765"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study &#40;CARDS&#41;&#58; multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46;M&#46; Colhoun"
                            1 => "D&#46;J&#46; Betteridge"
                            2 => "P&#46;N&#46; Durrington"
                            3 => "G&#46;A&#46; Hitman"
                            4 => "H&#46;A&#46; Neil"
                            5 => "S&#46;J&#46; Livingstone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16895-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "364"
                        "paginaInicial" => "685"
                        "paginaFinal" => "696"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15325833"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The ACCORD Study Group"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa1001286"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "362"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1575"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1585"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20228401"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "The ACCORD Study Group"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0802743"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2545"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2559"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539917"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management&#58; a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Mancia"
                            1 => "S&#46; Laurent"
                            2 => "E&#46; Agabiti-Rosei"
                            3 => "E&#46; Ambrosioni"
                            4 => "M&#46; Burnier"
                            5 => "M&#46;J&#46; Caulfield"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HJH.0b013e328333146d"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2121"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2158"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19838131"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Multifactorial Intervention and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; G&#230;de"
                            1 => "P&#46; Vedel"
                            2 => "N&#46; Larsen"
                            3 => "G&#46;V&#46;H&#46; Jensen"
                            4 => "H&#46;H&#46; Parving"
                            5 => "O&#46; Pedersen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa021778"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "348"
                        "paginaInicial" => "383"
                        "paginaFinal" => "393"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12556541"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of a Multifactorial Intervention on Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; G&#230;de"
                            1 => "H&#46; Lund-Andersen"
                            2 => "H&#46;H&#46; Parving"
                            3 => "O&#46; Pedersen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0706245"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "580"
                        "paginaFinal" => "591"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256393"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations&#44; in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm &#40;ASCOT-LLA&#41;&#58; a multicentre randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Sever"
                            1 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            2 => "N&#46;R&#46; Poulter"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wedel"
                            4 => "G&#46; Beevers"
                            5 => "M&#46; Caulfield"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12948-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "361"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1158"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12686036"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required&#44; in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm &#40;ASCOT-BPLA&#41;&#58; a multicentre randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            1 => "P&#46;S&#46; Sever"
                            2 => "N&#46;R&#46; Poulter"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wedel"
                            4 => "D&#46;G&#46; Beevers"
                            5 => "M&#46; Caulfield"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67185-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "366"
                        "paginaInicial" => "895"
                        "paginaFinal" => "906"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16154016"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Potential synergy between lipid-lowering and blood-pressure-lowering in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Sever"
                            1 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            2 => "N&#46; Poulter"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wedel"
                            4 => "G&#46; Beevers"
                            5 => "M&#46; Caulfield"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/eurheartj/ehl403"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2982"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2988"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17145722"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Albuminuria response to very high-dose valsartan in type 2 diabetes mellitus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46;K&#46; Hollenberg"
                            1 => "H&#46;H&#46; Parving"
                            2 => "G&#46; Viberti"
                            3 => "G&#46; Remuzzi"
                            4 => "S&#46; Ritter"
                            5 => "S&#46; Zelenkofske"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/HJH.0b013e328277596e"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Hypertens"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1921"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1926"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762658"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhanced renoprotective effects of ultrahigh doses of irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Rossing"
                            1 => "K&#46;J&#46; Schjoedt"
                            2 => "B&#46;R&#46; Jensen"
                            3 => "F&#46; Boomsma"
                            4 => "H&#46;H&#46; Parving"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00511.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Kidney Int"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1190"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1198"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16105050"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Supramaximal dose of candesartan in proteinuric renal disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Burgess"
                            1 => "N&#46; Muirhead"
                            2 => "P&#46; Rene de Cotret"
                            3 => "A&#46; Chiu"
                            4 => "V&#46; Pichette"
                            5 => "S&#46; Tobe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1681/ASN.2008040416"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Soc Nephrol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "893"
                        "paginaFinal" => "900"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19211712"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib41"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of candesartan on in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors&#58; the Charm-Added trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; McMurray"
                            1 => "J&#46; &#214;stergren"
                            2 => "K&#46; Swedberg"
                            3 => "C&#46;B&#46; Granger"
                            4 => "P&#46; Held"
                            5 => "E&#46;L&#46; Michelson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14283-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "362"
                        "paginaInicial" => "767"
                        "paginaFinal" => "771"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678869"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib42"
              "etiqueta" => "42&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Meta-analysis&#58; effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kunz"
                            1 => "C&#46; Friedrich"
                            2 => "M&#46; Wolbers"
                            3 => "J&#46;F&#46; Mann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "148"
                        "paginaInicial" => "30"
                        "paginaFinal" => "48"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17984482"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib43"
              "etiqueta" => "43&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "For the AVOID Study Investigators"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H&#46;H&#46; Parving"
                            1 => "F&#46; Persson"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Lewis"
                            3 => "E&#46;J&#46; Lewis"
                            4 => "N&#46;K&#46; Hollenberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0708379"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "358"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2433"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2446"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18525041"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib44"
              "etiqueta" => "44&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "For the ACCOMPLISH trial investigators"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Jamerson"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; Weber"
                            2 => "G&#46;L&#46; Bakris"
                            3 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            4 => "B&#46; Pitt"
                            5 => "V&#46; Shi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa0806182"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "359"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2417"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2428"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052124"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib45"
              "etiqueta" => "45&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events &#40;ACCOMPLISH&#41;&#58; a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "ACCOMPLISH Trial investigators"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;L&#46; Bakris"
                            1 => "P&#46;A&#46; Sarafidis"
                            2 => "M&#46;R&#46; Weir"
                            3 => "B&#46; Dahl&#246;f"
                            4 => "B&#46; Pitt"
                            5 => "K&#46; Jamerson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62100-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "375"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1173"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1181"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20170948"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib46"
              "etiqueta" => "46&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Differences in glucose tolerance between fixed-dose antihypertensive drug combinations in people with metabolic syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "For the STAR Investigators"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Bakris"
                            1 => "M&#46; Molitch"
                            2 => "A&#46; Hewkin"
                            3 => "M&#46; Kipnes"
                            4 => "P&#46; Sarafidis"
                            5 => "K&#46; Fakouhi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2337/dc06-1373"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diabetes Care"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2592"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2597"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17130190"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib47"
              "etiqueta" => "47&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Differential effects between a calcium channel blocker and a diuretic when used in combination with angiotensin II receptor blocker on central aortic pressure in hypertensive patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Matsui"
                            1 => "K&#46; Eguchi"
                            2 => "M&#46;F&#46; O&#8217;Rourke"
                            3 => "J&#46; Ishikawa"
                            4 => "H&#46; Miyashita"
                            5 => "K&#46; Shimada"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hipertension"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "716"
                        "paginaFinal" => "723"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib48"
              "etiqueta" => "48&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antagonistas de los receptores de la angiotensina II en combinaci&#243;n con antagonistas del calcio&#46; Focus en la asociaci&#243;n de olmesart&#225;n con amlodipino"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gorostidi"
                            1 => "A&#46; De la Sierra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "numero" => "supl 2"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/00142565/00000211000000S1/v1_201302081047/S0014256511700030/v1_201302081047/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00142565/00000211000000S1/v1_201302081047/S0014256511700030/v1_201302081047/es/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://revclinesp.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256511700030?idApp=WRCEE"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 211. Núm. S1.
Prevención del desarrollo de lesión orgánica en los diferentes estadios del continuum cardiorrenal
Páginas 8-14 (marzo 2011)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 211. Núm. S1.
Prevención del desarrollo de lesión orgánica en los diferentes estadios del continuum cardiorrenal
Páginas 8-14 (marzo 2011)
Prevención del desarrollo de lesión orgánica en los diferentes estadios del continuum cardiorrenal
Prevención de la progresión y regresión de la lesión orgánica. Estrategias de futuro
Prevention of progression and regression of target organ damage. Future strategies
A. de la Sierra
Unidad de Hipertensión, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Mútua Terrassa, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
Información del artículo
Resumen

El tratamiento con bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina (inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina y antagonistas del receptor AT1) ha demostrado beneficios evidentes en los diferentes estadios evolutivos de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Dicho tratamiento reduce la presión arterial y previene la aparición de marcadores subclínicos como la microalbuminuria, reduce los episodios cardiovasculares y renales en pacientes con lesión subclínica y alarga la supervivencia en pacientes con enfermedad clínica o disfunción orgánica. A pesar de este beneficio incuestionable, el riesgo residual de los pacientes que reciben dichos tratamientos sigue siendo, en muchos casos, muy elevado, por lo que es necesario planificar estrategias que permitan reducir dicho riesgo. En el presente artículo se revisan opciones que pueden ayudar a reducir la enfermedad cardiovascular más allá del tratamiento con bloqueadores del sistema renina-angiotensina y que van desde la prevención primordial en el individuo sano, objetivos terapéuticos más estrictos, control integral del riesgo, bloqueo más completo del sistema o el empleo de fármacos que presenten mecanismos de sinergismo en su capacidad protectora.

Palabras clave:
Sistema renina-angiotensina
Enfermedad cardiovascular
Riesgo residual
Prevención
Lesión orgánica
Continuo cardiorrenal
Abstract

Treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers (angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists) has shown clear benefits in distinct stages of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This treatment lowers blood pressure and prevents the appearance of markers of subclinical disease such as microalbuminuria, reduces cardiovascular and renal episodes in patients with subclinical lesions and prolongs survival in patients with clinical disease or organ dysfunction. Despite this unquestionable benefit, the residual risk in patients receiving these treatments often continues to be highly elevated and consequently strategies to reduce this risk are required. The present article reviews the options that may help to reduce cardiovascular disease. In addition to renin-angiotensin system blockers, these treatments include primary prevention in healthy individuals, stricter therapeutic goals, comprehensive risk control, more complete blocking of the renin-angiotensin system and the use of drugs with synergistic protective mechanisms.

Keywords:
Renin-angiotensin system
Cardiovascular disease
Residual risk
Prevention
Organ lesion
Cardiorenal disease continuum

Artículo

Opciones para acceder a los textos completos de la publicación Revista Clínica Española
Socio
Si es usted socio de FESEMI siga los siguientes pasos:

Diríjase desde aquí a la web de la >>>FESEMI<<< e inicie sesión mediante el formulario que se encuentra en la barra superior, pulsando sobre el candado.

Una vez autentificado, en la misma web de FESEMI, en el menú superior, elija la opción deseada.

>>>FESEMI<<<

Suscriptor
Suscriptor de la revista

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".
Suscribirse
Suscribirse a:

Revista Clínica Española

Comprar
Comprar acceso al artículo

Comprando el artículo el PDF del mismo podrá ser descargado

Precio 19,34 €

Comprar ahora
Contactar
Teléfono para suscripciones e incidencias
De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España
+34 932 415 960
Email
Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?