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por deterioro del estado general&#44; cefalea&#44; febr&#237;cula y sudoraci&#243;n&#44; todo ello desde 3 semanas antes&#46; La exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica constat&#243; hepatoesplenomegalia y dolor a la palpaci&#243;n en regi&#243;n paraumbilical&#46; En la anal&#237;tica llamaba la atenci&#243;n la existencia de leucopenia &#40;3&#46;190&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; trombocitopenia &#40;74&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; hipertrigliceridemia &#40;274<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; citolisis con colestasis &#40;AST 459<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; ALT 339<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; GGT 182<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l y FA 207<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#41;&#44; LDH 1&#46;258<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l e hiperferritinemia &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; El &#237;ndice de protrombina fue del 72&#37; y el d&#237;mero D de 16&#46;040<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#46; El receptor de interleukina-2 fue de 1&#46;416<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#46; La ecograf&#237;a abdominal confirm&#243; la hepatoesplenomegalia&#46; La serolog&#237;a frente a citomegalovirus&#44; virus de Epstein-Barr&#44; toxoplasma&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>&#44; l&#250;es&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Legionella&#44;</span> herpes simple&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxiella burnetii</span> y VIH fue negativa&#46; La PCR de virus respiratorios fue positiva para el virus de la influenza A &#40;H3N2&#41;&#46; La biopsia de m&#233;dula &#243;sea no revel&#243; la presencia de hemofagocitosis&#46; Se inici&#243; tratamiento con oseltamivir con resoluci&#243;n progresiva del cuadro cl&#237;nico y normalizaci&#243;n completa de la anal&#237;tica en varias semanas&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acuerdo con las gu&#237;as de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Histiocyte Society</span>&#44; el diagn&#243;stico del SHF requiere la presencia de&#44; al menos&#44; 5 de los siguientes criterios&#58; fiebre&#44; esplenomegalia&#44; citopenias &#40;que afecten a 2 o 3 l&#237;neas de sangre perif&#233;rica&#41;&#44; hipertrigliceridemia y&#47;o hipofibrinogenemia&#44; hemofagocitosis en m&#233;dula &#243;sea&#44; ganglios o bazo&#59; niveles bajos o ausencia de c&#233;lulas NK&#44; ferritina superior a 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;l y niveles elevados de interleukina-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Nuestro paciente cumpl&#237;a 6 de estos criterios&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Varios estudios han demostrado la asociaci&#243;n entre el virus de la influenza A &#40;H1N1&#41; y el SHF&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de estos pacientes subyacen comorbilidades tales como obesidad&#44; hipertensi&#243;n&#44; diabetes&#44; EPOC o neoplasias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; apenas existen casos de SHF relacionados con el virus H3N2&#44; a pesar de ser el subtipo m&#225;s com&#250;n de infecci&#243;n gripal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; A diferencia de los casos publicados&#44; en nuestro paciente no fue necesario instaurar tratamiento con glucocorticoides ni otras medidas de soporte vital&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Creemos&#44; al igual que Rodr&#237;guez Vidigal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; que el SHF asociado a infecciones es m&#225;s frecuente de lo publicado en la literatura&#46; Consideramos&#44; por ello&#44; que en el estudio etiol&#243;gico del SHF&#44; adem&#225;s de la b&#250;squeda de infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46;&#44; a la que aluden los autores citados&#44; deben investigarse otros g&#233;rmenes m&#225;s frecuentes en nuestro medio&#44; 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Cartas al Director
Síndrome hemofagocítico y virus de la influenza (H3N2)
Haemophagocytic syndrome and the influenza virus (H3N2)
M. Martín Asenjo
Autor para correspondencia
miguel.martin.asenjo@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, J.M. Martín Guerra, J.M. Prieto de Paula
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La lectura del trabajo de Rodr&#237;guez Vidigal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> en el que se estudia la presencia de s&#237;ndrome hemofagoc&#237;tico &#40;SHF&#41; en 6 pacientes&#44; y su relaci&#243;n con determinadas infecciones&#44; nos ha inducido a presentar un nuevo caso de SHF causado&#44; en esta ocasi&#243;n&#44; por el virus de la gripe&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es sabido que las infecciones son los procesos m&#225;s frecuentemente asociados con el SHF&#46; Sin embargo&#44; aunque el virus de la gripe se ha descrito como una de sus causas&#44; son muy escasas las rese&#241;as en la literatura &#40;buscadores Medline y Pubmed&#59; palabras clave&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophagocytic syndrome&#44; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis</span> e <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Influenza virus</span>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Var&#243;n de 68 a&#241;os con antecedente de cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica cr&#243;nica que consult&#243; por deterioro del estado general&#44; cefalea&#44; febr&#237;cula y sudoraci&#243;n&#44; todo ello desde 3 semanas antes&#46; La exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica constat&#243; hepatoesplenomegalia y dolor a la palpaci&#243;n en regi&#243;n paraumbilical&#46; En la anal&#237;tica llamaba la atenci&#243;n la existencia de leucopenia &#40;3&#46;190&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; trombocitopenia &#40;74&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&#44; hipertrigliceridemia &#40;274<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; citolisis con colestasis &#40;AST 459<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; ALT 339<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; GGT 182<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l y FA 207<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#41;&#44; LDH 1&#46;258<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l e hiperferritinemia &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; El &#237;ndice de protrombina fue del 72&#37; y el d&#237;mero D de 16&#46;040<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#46; El receptor de interleukina-2 fue de 1&#46;416<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#46; La ecograf&#237;a abdominal confirm&#243; la hepatoesplenomegalia&#46; La serolog&#237;a frente a citomegalovirus&#44; virus de Epstein-Barr&#44; toxoplasma&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia</span>&#44; l&#250;es&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Legionella&#44;</span> herpes simple&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxiella burnetii</span> y VIH fue negativa&#46; La PCR de virus respiratorios fue positiva para el virus de la influenza A &#40;H3N2&#41;&#46; La biopsia de m&#233;dula &#243;sea no revel&#243; la presencia de hemofagocitosis&#46; Se inici&#243; tratamiento con oseltamivir con resoluci&#243;n progresiva del cuadro cl&#237;nico y normalizaci&#243;n completa de la anal&#237;tica en varias semanas&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De acuerdo con las gu&#237;as de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Histiocyte Society</span>&#44; el diagn&#243;stico del SHF requiere la presencia de&#44; al menos&#44; 5 de los siguientes criterios&#58; fiebre&#44; esplenomegalia&#44; citopenias &#40;que afecten a 2 o 3 l&#237;neas de sangre perif&#233;rica&#41;&#44; hipertrigliceridemia y&#47;o hipofibrinogenemia&#44; hemofagocitosis en m&#233;dula &#243;sea&#44; ganglios o bazo&#59; niveles bajos o ausencia de c&#233;lulas NK&#44; ferritina superior a 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;l y niveles elevados de interleukina-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Nuestro paciente cumpl&#237;a 6 de estos criterios&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Varios estudios han demostrado la asociaci&#243;n entre el virus de la influenza A &#40;H1N1&#41; y el SHF&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de estos pacientes subyacen comorbilidades tales como obesidad&#44; hipertensi&#243;n&#44; diabetes&#44; EPOC o neoplasias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; apenas existen casos de SHF relacionados con el virus H3N2&#44; a pesar de ser el subtipo m&#225;s com&#250;n de infecci&#243;n gripal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; A diferencia de los casos publicados&#44; en nuestro paciente no fue necesario instaurar tratamiento con glucocorticoides ni otras medidas de soporte vital&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Creemos&#44; al igual que Rodr&#237;guez Vidigal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; que el SHF asociado a infecciones es m&#225;s frecuente de lo publicado en la literatura&#46; Consideramos&#44; por ello&#44; que en el estudio etiol&#243;gico del SHF&#44; adem&#225;s de la b&#250;squeda de infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leishmania</span> spp&#46;&#44; a la que aluden los autores citados&#44; deben investigarse otros g&#233;rmenes m&#225;s frecuentes en nuestro medio&#44; tales como el virus de la influenza A&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 00142565
Idioma original: Español
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