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        "titulo" => "Behaviour of nucleated cells in various types of pleural effusion"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores de los porcentajes de neutr&#243;filos &#40;Neu&#46;&#41; y linfocitos &#40;Linf&#46;&#41; de cada paciente&#44; y su mediana&#44; seg&#250;n la etilog&#237;a del derrame pleural&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DPP&#58; derrame pleural paraneum&#243;nico&#59; IC&#58; insuficiencia cardiaca&#59; NEO&#58; neoplasia&#59; OE&#58; otros exudados&#59; OT&#58; otros trasudados&#59; TB&#58; tuberculosis&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las gu&#237;as cl&#237;nicas de manejo del derrame pleural &#40;DP&#41; coinciden en que el conocimiento de los componentes celulares del l&#237;quido pleural &#40;LP&#41; puede ayudar a enfocar su diagn&#243;stico diferencial y orientar hacia qu&#233; exploraciones espec&#237;ficas son necesarias para conocer su etiolog&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de la controversia que existe sobre el predominio celular en determinadas enfermedades y su significado cl&#237;nico&#44; las revisiones recientes sobre la contribuci&#243;n del an&#225;lisis del LP al diagn&#243;stico de los DP siguen bas&#225;ndose en art&#237;culos publicados hace m&#225;s de 30 a&#241;os que incluyen un n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a>&#46; Nuestra hip&#243;tesis fue que el recuento total y porcentual de c&#233;lulas nucleadas en el LP puede ayudar en el diagn&#243;stico diferencial de los DP&#46; Para ello&#44; evaluamos su comportamiento en los distintos tipos de DP&#44; para conocer si proporcionan alg&#250;n tipo de informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica relevante de car&#225;cter diagn&#243;stico&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; transversal y retrospectivo en el que se analizaron las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y anal&#237;ticas de todos los pacientes adultos que&#44; desde enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2014&#44; se sometieron a una toracocentesis diagn&#243;stica en nuestro centro por presentar un DP&#46; Toda la informaci&#243;n se recogi&#243; de acuerdo con los principios &#233;ticos de investigaci&#243;n humana y el estudio fue aprobado por el comit&#233; &#233;tico de nuestro hospital &#40;registro 2016&#47;293&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">An&#225;lisis del l&#237;quido pleural</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los DP se estudiaron de acuerdo al protocolo habitual de nuestro centro&#46; Las muestras para el recuento celular en LP se recogieron mediante sistemas de vac&#237;o BD Vacutainer<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> con tubos de pl&#225;stico que conten&#237;an &#225;cido etilendiaminotetrac&#233;tico dipot&#225;sico como anticoagulante&#46; El recuento total de c&#233;lulas nucleadas en el LP se realiz&#243; en las primeras 4 h tras la toracocentesis&#44; mediante un analizador de Hematolog&#237;a ADVIA 2120 &#40;SIEMENS Healthcare Diagnostics S&#46;L&#46;&#41;&#46; Para el recuento diferencial de c&#233;lulas nucleadas se utiliz&#243; microscopia &#243;ptica convencional tras citocentrifugaci&#243;n &#40;450 x g durante 10 min&#41; y tinci&#243;n de May-Gr&#252;nwald-Giemsa del LP&#46; El porcentaje del recuento se obtuvo sobre 200 c&#233;lulas&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los DP con &#8805;50&#37; de neutr&#243;filos o linfocitos se consideraron de predominio neutrof&#237;lico o linfoc&#237;tico&#44; respectivamente&#44; y aquellos con un recuento de eosin&#243;filos &#8805;10&#37;&#44; como eosinof&#237;licos&#46; Tambi&#233;n se valor&#243; si un DP ten&#237;a &#62;5&#37; de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales&#46; Un DP podr&#237;a no tener predominio celular&#44; si ninguna poblaci&#243;n alcanzaba los puntos de corte establecidos o&#44; por el contario&#44; tener varios simult&#225;neamente&#46; Si un paciente era sometido a m&#225;s de una toracocentesis&#44; solamente se consideraron los resultados de la primera&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Criterios diagn&#243;sticos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico de DP maligno &#40;DPM&#41; se estableci&#243; si la citolog&#237;a o la biopsia pleural eran positivas para malignidad&#46; El DP se diagnostic&#243; de paraneum&#243;nico &#40;DPP&#41; si se asociaba a una neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#44; absceso pulmonar o bronquiectasias infectadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Se tuvo en cuenta si el DPP era simple o no complicado&#44; complicado &#40;pH &#60;7&#44;20 o DP loculado en una ecograf&#237;a o TC de t&#243;rax&#41;&#44; o empiema &#40;pus en el LP o cultivo bacteriano positivo del LP&#41;&#46; El LP se consider&#243; tuberculoso si se demostraba una tinci&#243;n de Ziehl-Neelsen o un cultivo positivo para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> en esputo&#44; LP o biopsia pleural&#44; o bien se observaban granulomas en la biopsia&#46; El diagn&#243;stico de insuficiencia cardiaca se bas&#243; en los criterios cl&#237;nicos de Framingham&#44; la respuesta al tratamiento diur&#233;tico y&#44; si se dispon&#237;a&#44; en la evidencia ecocardiogr&#225;fica de disfunci&#243;n sist&#243;lica o diagn&#243;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; En los casos de sospecha de insuficiencia cardiaca solamente se puncionaron aquellos sujetos con un DP asim&#233;trico&#44; o que presentaban dolor tor&#225;cico o fiebre<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Los otros diagn&#243;sticos se establecieron seg&#250;n criterios previamente definidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Seg&#250;n la etiolog&#237;a&#44; los DP se clasificaron en seis grupos&#58; insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; otros trasudados&#44; paraneum&#243;nicos&#44; tuberculosos&#44; neopl&#225;sicos y otros exudados&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras la comprobaci&#243;n mediante el test de D&#8217;Agostino-Pearson de la ausencia de normalidad de las distribuciones&#44; los datos celulares se expresaron como mediana y percentiles 5-95&#37;&#46; Para la comparaci&#243;n entre los grupos se utiliz&#243; la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson si las variables eran cualitativas&#44; y la prueba no param&#233;trica de Mann-Whitney si eran cuantitativas&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para valorar la rentabilidad de las poblaciones celulares en el diagn&#243;stico de los distintos grupos de DP&#44; se utiliz&#243; el an&#225;lisis de las curvas ROC y su &#225;rea bajo la curva &#40;AUC&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; El punto de corte para cada par&#225;metro analizado se identific&#243; mediante el &#237;ndice de Youden&#46; Los c&#225;lculos estad&#237;sticos se realizaron mediante el programa inform&#225;tico MedCalc<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;versi&#243;n 16&#46;8&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Resultados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante el periodo del estudio se realizaron 2&#46;102 toracocentesis&#46; Se excluyeron 201 por estar duplicadas&#44; 257 por datos incompletos&#44; 130 por ausencia de diagn&#243;stico definitivo y 47 por un posible doble diagn&#243;stico&#46; Los pacientes finalmente incluidos fueron 1&#46;467&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> muestra la etiolog&#237;a de los DP del estudio&#44; con su predominio celular&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los DP de predominio neutrof&#237;lico fueron m&#225;s frecuentes en el lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico &#40;57&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#44; las neumon&#237;as &#40;57&#37;&#41; y el hemot&#243;rax &#40;54&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46; En los DPP&#44; el predominio neutrof&#237;lico fue del 35&#44;1&#37; en los no complicados&#44; si bien aument&#243; en los complicados &#40;77&#44;7&#37;&#41; y empiemas &#40;87&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; El 88&#37; de los DP tuberculosos ten&#237;an predominio linfoc&#237;tico&#44; al igual que casi el 50&#37; de los DPM &#40;62&#44;5&#37; de los mesoteliomas y 88&#37; de las neoplasias hematol&#243;gicas&#41;&#44; el 44&#37; de las insuficiencias cardiacas y el 29&#44;2&#37; de los DPP no complicados&#46; El 32&#44;5&#37; &#40;25&#47;77&#41; de los DP eosinof&#237;licos fueron de origen neopl&#225;sico&#44; lo que supone el 6&#44;3&#37; de todos los DPM&#46; El 27&#44;3&#37; &#40;6&#47;22&#41; de los DP postraumatismo tambi&#233;n tuvieron un predominio eosin&#243;filo&#46; Por el contrario&#44; ning&#250;n DP tuberculoso lo era&#46; Las etiolog&#237;as que con mayor frecuencia se presentaron con un DP que conten&#237;a m&#225;s de un 5&#37; de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca &#40;69&#44; 19&#44;5&#37; de las mismas&#41;&#44; las met&#225;stasis pleurales &#40;56&#44; 16&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; los DPP no complicados &#40;34&#44; 18&#44;4&#37;&#41; y los DP tuberculosos &#40;16&#44; 12&#37;&#41;&#46; Solamente uno de los 164 DPP complicados&#47;empiemas present&#243; un recuento de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales superior al 5&#37;&#46; El 8&#44;1&#37; &#40;119&#41; de los DP tuvieron varios predominios celulares simult&#225;neos mientras que un 24&#44;3&#37; &#40;356&#41; no present&#243; ninguno&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se observan las caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes de acuerdo a los grupos etiol&#243;gicos establecidos&#44; as&#237; como las medianas y percentiles 5-95&#37; del recuento total y porcentual de c&#233;lulas nucleadas&#46; Los pacientes con un DP tuberculoso eran significativamente m&#225;s j&#243;venes que el resto y los que ten&#237;an un fallo cardiaco significativamente mayores&#46; El tiempo transcurrido entre el inicio de los s&#237;ntomas y el momento de la toracocentesis fue significativamente superior en los DP neopl&#225;sicos&#46; Se encontr&#243; una discreta correlaci&#243;n&#44; aunque significativa&#44; entre este lapso de tiempo y el porcentaje de neutr&#243;filos &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>-0&#44;1521&#44; 95&#37;IC&#58; -0&#44;2047 a -0&#44;09855&#44; p &#60;0&#44;0001&#41; y linfocitos &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;1613&#44; 95&#37;IC&#58; 0&#44;1080-0&#44;2138&#44; p &#60;0&#44;0001&#41;&#46; El mayor n&#250;mero de c&#233;lulas nucleadas se observ&#243; en los DPP y el menor en los trasudados&#46; El 86&#44;9&#37; &#40;80&#47;92&#41; de los DP con m&#225;s de 10&#46;000 c&#233;lulas&#47;&#956;l eran DPP&#46; El porcentaje de neutr&#243;filos tambi&#233;n fue significativamente mayor en los DPP&#44; as&#237; como el porcentaje de linfocitos en los tuberculosos y el de macr&#243;fagos en los trasudados &#40;fueran o no cardiacos&#41;&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se muestran los valores de los porcentajes de neutr&#243;filos y linfocitos de cada paciente&#44; as&#237; como la mediana de estas poblaciones celulares&#44; seg&#250;n la etiolog&#237;a del DP&#46; Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los porcentajes de neutr&#243;filos y linfocitos en los grupos de insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; paraneum&#243;nicos&#44; tuberculosis&#44; neoplasias &#40;p &#60;0&#44;001 en todos ellos&#41; y otros trasudados &#40;p &#61;0&#44;0036&#41;&#44; pero no as&#237; en la de otros exudados &#40;p &#61;0&#44;0582&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se muestra la etiolog&#237;a de los 202 DP con un recuento porcentual de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37;&#46; Las causas m&#225;s frecuentes fueron tuberculosis &#40;71&#44; 35&#44;1&#37;&#41; y neoplasias &#40;47&#44; 23&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; El 53&#44;4&#37; de los DP tuberculosos superaban ese punto de corte frente al 11&#44;8&#37; de los malignos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a> se observa el poder discriminante del par&#225;metro celular que present&#243; mayor rentabilidad en el diagn&#243;stico de cada uno de los grupos etiol&#243;gicos&#44; seg&#250;n las &#225;reas bajo la curva obtenidas de cada uno de los grupos frente al resto&#46; El porcentaje de neutr&#243;filos present&#243; un elevado valor discriminativo para el diagn&#243;stico de los DPPC y empiemas&#44; mientra que un porcentaje de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37; fue altamente espec&#237;fico de DP tuberculoso&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque este estudio demuestra que el recuento total y porcentual de c&#233;lulas nucleadas en el LP raramente es diagn&#243;stico&#44; los patrones celulares observados en las diferentes enfermedades pueden proporcionar una informaci&#243;n &#250;til para diferenciar entre las distintas causas de DP &#40;AUC que en su mayor&#237;a pueden interpretarse como de moderado &#40;0&#44;70-0&#44;80&#41; o buen &#40;0&#44;80-0&#44;90&#41; valor discriminativo&#44; aunque con una superposici&#243;n de valores no despreciable&#41;&#46; El aspecto m&#225;s relevante del estudio es&#44; sin embargo&#44; que los resultados obtenidos no apoyan algunas de las aseveraciones sostenidas en la literatura durante los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os&#58; ausencia de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales en los DP tuberculosos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; predominio neutrof&#237;lico en todos los DPP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> y capacidad para descartar una neoplasia &#40;excepto linfoma&#41; si el recuento porcentual de linfocitos es &#8805;80&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las muestras de LP para determinar las poblaciones celulares pueden recogerse en tubos de diferente composici&#243;n y con distintos anticoagulantes&#46; La decisi&#243;n de hacerlo en tubos de pl&#225;stico conteniendo etilendiaminotetrac&#233;tico dipot&#225;sico se debi&#243; a que es el anticoagulante que mejor conserva la integridad de las c&#233;lulas del LP para su recuento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El elevado solapamiento del total de c&#233;lulas nucleadas entre las distintas etiolog&#237;as hace que&#44; salvo en el caso de los DPP&#44; no sean &#250;tiles para diferenciar unos DP de otros&#46; La poblaci&#243;n celular predominante en un DP viene determinada por el tipo de lesi&#243;n pleural&#44; pero tambi&#233;n por el momento en que se hace la toracocentesis en relaci&#243;n con el comienzo del da&#241;o pleural agudo&#46; La respuesta aguda a una agresi&#243;n pleural&#44; generalmente debida a enfermedades infecciosas&#44; inflamatorias o inmunol&#243;gicas&#44; atrae neutr&#243;filos al espacio pleural y&#44; en estas circunstancias&#44; el predominio celular deber&#237;a de ser neutrof&#237;lico&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los 327 DP neutrof&#237;licos de esta serie correspondieron a DPP &#40;199 pacientes&#41; y a enfermedades agudas como pancreatitis&#44; poscirug&#237;a&#44; embolia pulmonar&#44; infecci&#243;n abdominal&#44; pleuropericarditis&#44; hemot&#243;rax y postraumatismo&#46; El porcentaje de neutr&#243;filos es el que mejor discrimina los DPP del resto&#44; pero es m&#225;s &#250;til&#44; si cabe&#44; para el diagn&#243;stico de los empiemas &#40;punto de corte &#62;64&#37;&#44; AUC 0&#44;906&#41; y de los DPP complicados&#47;empiemas &#40;punto de corte &#62;41&#37;&#44; AUC 0&#44;907&#41;&#46; No obstante&#44; 38 &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41; DPM ten&#237;an tambi&#233;n este predominio celular&#44; hallazgo ya observado en alg&#250;n estudio previo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Por tanto&#44; un DP neutrof&#237;lico no descarta una neoplasia&#46; Se podr&#237;a pensar que el tiempo medio transcurrido entre el inicio de los s&#237;ntomas y la toracocentesis era menor en los que presentaban un DPM de predominio neutrof&#237;lico&#46; Aunque lo fue &#40;29 vs&#46; 42&#44;5 d&#237;as&#41;&#44; la diferencia no alcanz&#243; significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;08&#41;&#46; Es posible que el peque&#241;o n&#250;mero de casos de la muestra &#40;38&#41;&#44; haya sido decisivo para no alcanzar dicha significaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una vez que el da&#241;o pleural agudo ha cesado&#44; las c&#233;lulas mononucleares entran en el espacio pleural desde la sangre y se convierten en la poblaci&#243;n predominante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; Por consiguiente&#44; en las enfermedades de inicio insidioso y de m&#225;s tiempo de evoluci&#243;n &#40;insuficiencia cardiaca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#44; tuberculosis &#8211;excepto en una fase precoz&#8211;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; neoplasias&#44; sarcoidosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; etc&#46;&#41; el predominio ser&#225; linfoc&#237;tico&#46; Sin embargo&#44; un 29&#44;2&#37; de los DPP no complicados tambi&#233;n tuvieron un DP linfoc&#237;tico&#46; Dos factores podr&#237;an explicar estos resultados&#58; el tiempo transcurrido hasta la toracocentesis y la toma previa de antibi&#243;ticos&#46; Con el primer factor&#44; no se encontraron diferencias significativas &#40;9&#44;6 d&#237;as en los DPP de predominio neutr&#243;filo y 11&#44;1 en los de predominio linfoc&#237;tico&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;43&#41;&#46; Respecto al segundo&#44; en un peque&#241;o estudio en el que 25 &#40;43&#44;9&#37;&#41; de los pacientes a los que se les hizo un recuento celular diferencial ten&#237;an un DPP linfoc&#237;tico&#44; los autores demostraron mediante un an&#225;lisis multivariante que el tratamiento previo con antibi&#243;ticos fue el &#250;nico factor predictor independiente de ese predominio celular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Este dato no lo hemos podido comprobar porque nuestro estudio no se dise&#241;&#243; con este fin&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha publicado que cuando el recuento porcentual de linfocitos es &#8805;80&#37; el diagn&#243;stico diferencial se reduce a unas pocas enfermedades&#46; Las m&#225;s frecuentes ser&#237;an la tuberculosis&#44; linfomas o quilot&#243;rax&#44; pero no se incluyen los DP metast&#225;sicos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;12</span></a>&#44; cuya rango habitual de linfocitos ser&#237;a del 50-75&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; el 17&#44;6&#37; de los DP con un recuento de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37; fueron metast&#225;sicos o mesoteliomas &#40;35&#47;199&#59; el 10&#37; de todos los DP metast&#225;sicos&#47;mesoteliomas&#41;&#44; lo que parece indicar que alcanzar este porcentaje no descarta un DPM&#46; De todas formas&#44; ante este recuento elevado de linfocitos&#44; el diagn&#243;stico m&#225;s probable es la tuberculosis &#40;especificidad 90&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El n&#250;mero de DP eosinof&#237;licos &#40;77&#47;1&#46;467&#44; 5&#44;2&#37;&#41; fue ligeramente inferior a lo publicado en otras series &#40;8&#44;3-12&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;22</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el porcentaje de pacientes con un DPM de predominio eosinof&#237;lico &#40;25&#47;77&#44; 32&#44;5&#37;&#41; fue similar al de esos mismos estudios &#40;rango&#44; 24&#44;4-34&#44;8&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;22</span></a>&#46; Al contrario de lo que cl&#225;sicamente se afirmaba<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; estos resultados confirman que un DP eosinof&#237;lico no puede considerarse un indicador de benignidad&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el LP pueden observarse c&#233;lulas mesoteliales&#44; pero es raro encontrarlas en enfermedades en las que una marcada respuesta inflamatoria recubre toda la pleura&#44; ya que se previene su exfoliaci&#243;n al espacio pleural&#46; Por este motivo siempre se ha considerado que un recuento de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales &#62;5&#37; hace poco probables los diagn&#243;sticos de DPP complicado&#47;empiema o de tuberculosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Nuestros resultados parecen confirmar la primera afirmaci&#243;n &#40;solamente un paciente de 164 ten&#237;a un recuento superior&#41;&#44; pero no la segunda ya que 16 &#40;12&#37;&#41; de 133 pacientes con un DP tuberculoso ten&#237;an &#62;5&#37; de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales&#46; Este dato est&#225; muy poco documentado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46; Por tanto&#44; un aumento de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales en el LP parece que no excluye el diagn&#243;stico de tuberculosis&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al recuento de macr&#243;fagos del LP&#44; originados a partir de los monocitos sangu&#237;neos&#44; no se le atribuye ning&#250;n valor diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; los valores m&#225;s elevados se encontraron en los trasudados y los menores en los DP infecciosos&#44; pero es dif&#237;cil interpretar estos resultados ya que no existen estudios con los que establecer una comparaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n del estudio es su naturaleza retrospectiva&#44; lo que conlleva que no se hayan podido obtener datos como&#44; por ejemplo&#44; el n&#250;mero de pacientes con un DPP previamente tratados con antibi&#243;ticos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; se ha llevado a cabo en un &#250;nico centro&#44; por lo que los resultados no pueden generalizarse&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; al ser un estudio con un periodo de inclusi&#243;n muy amplio&#44; el recuento celular no siempre lo llev&#243; a cabo la misma persona&#44; aunque s&#237; en la mayor&#237;a de los casos &#40;E&#46;S&#46;J&#46;&#41;&#44; lo que puede ocasionar cierta variabilidad en los resultados&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En resumen&#44; los recuentos total y porcentual de c&#233;lulas nucleadas en el LP pueden contribuir a reducir el diagn&#243;stico diferencial en el estudio de un DP&#44; ya que cada etiolog&#237;a suele tener un predominio celular caracter&#237;stico&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el aspecto m&#225;s relevante del estudio es que parece demostrar que no se pueden descartar los diagn&#243;sticos de DP tuberculoso&#44; DPP o DPM si existe un recuento elevado de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales&#44; un predominio linfoc&#237;tico en el LP&#44; o un recuento de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        2 => array:3 [
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          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Introduction"
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            1 => array:2 [
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis del l&#237;quido pleural"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Criterios diagn&#243;sticos"
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            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico"
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          "titulo" => "Resultados"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-11-22"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-12-23"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec818244"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "Derrame pleural"
            1 => "C&#233;lulas nucleadas totales"
            2 => "Porcentaje c&#233;lulas nucleadas"
            3 => "Derrame pleural neutrof&#237;lico"
            4 => "Derrame pleural linfoc&#237;tico"
            5 => "Derrame pleural eosinof&#237;lico"
            6 => "C&#233;lulas mesoteliales"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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            0 => "Pleural effusion"
            1 => "Total nucleated cells"
            2 => "Percentage nucleated cells"
            3 => "Neutrophilic pleural effusion"
            4 => "Lymphocytic pleural effusion"
            5 => "Eosinophilic pleural effusion"
            6 => "Mesothelial cells"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El conocimiento del comportamiento de los componentes celulares del l&#237;quido pleural puede ayudar a enfocar el diagn&#243;stico diferencial de un derrame pleural&#46; El objetivo es evaluar su composici&#243;n en los distintos tipos de derrames y valorar si proporciona informaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica relevante</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional&#44; transversal y retrospectivo en el que se analiza el componente celular de derrames pleurales de diversa etiolog&#237;a&#46; Los derrames se clasificaron como neutrof&#237;licos&#44; linfoc&#237;ticos &#40;&#8805;50&#37; de cada uno de ellos&#41;&#44; eosinof&#237;licos &#40;&#8805;10&#37;&#41; o mesoteliales &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41; y se agruparon en 6 categor&#237;as diagn&#243;sticas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 1&#46;467 pacientes &#40;354 insuficiencia cardiaca&#59; 59 otros trasudados&#59; 349 paraneum&#243;nicos&#59; 133 tuberculosos&#59; 397 neopl&#225;sicos y 175 otros exudados&#41;&#46; El predominio celular fue linfoc&#237;tico en la insuficiencia cardiaca &#40;44&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; paraneum&#243;nicos no complicados &#40;29&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; tuberculosis &#40;88&#37;&#41; y neoplasias &#40;49&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#59; neutrof&#237;lico en los paraneum&#243;nicos &#40;57&#37;&#41; y neopl&#225;sicos &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#59; eosinof&#237;lico en las neoplasias &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41; y mesotelial en las tuberculosis &#40;12&#37;&#41;&#46; Las etiolog&#237;as m&#225;s frecuentes con un recuento linfocitario &#8805;80&#37; fueron tuberculosis &#40;35&#44;1&#37;&#41; y neoplasias &#40;23&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Los par&#225;metros con mayor capacidad discriminante fueron&#58; leucocitos &#40;trasudados&#58; AUC 0&#44;835&#41; y porcentaje de neutr&#243;filos &#40;empiemas&#58; AUC 0&#44;906 y paraneum&#243;nicos complicados &#43; empiemas&#58; AUC 0&#44;907&#41;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los recuentos de c&#233;lulas nucleadas ayudan a enfocar la etiolog&#237;a del derrame pleural&#44; ya que cada etiolog&#237;a suele tener un predominio celular caracter&#237;stico&#46; El porcentaje de c&#233;lulas nucleadas en el l&#237;quido pleural no puede descartar tuberculosis si existe un recuento elevado de c&#233;lulas mesoteliales&#44; ni un derrame paraneum&#243;nico ante un predominio linfoc&#237;tico&#44; o malignidad con un recuento de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todos"
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          2 => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To know the behavior of cellular components of pleural fluid can help focus the differential diagnosis of a pleural effusion&#46; Our objective was to assess their composition in different types of pleural effusions and assess whether it provides relevant clinical information&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Observational&#44; cross-sectional and retrospective study in which the cellular components of pleural effusions of different etiology were analyzed&#46; Pleural effusions were classified as neutrophilic&#44; lymphocytic &#40;&#8805;50&#37; of each one of them&#41;&#44; eosinophilic &#40;&#8805;10&#37;&#41; or mesothelial &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41; and were grouped into six diagnostic categories</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">1&#46;467 patients were studied &#40;354 heart failure&#59; 59 other transudates&#59; 349 paraneumonic&#59; 133 tuberculous&#59; 397 malignant and 175 other exudates&#41;&#46; The predominance cell was lymphocytic in heart failure &#40;44&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; uncomplicated parapneumonic &#40;29&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; tuberculosis &#40;88&#37;&#41; and malignant &#40;49&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#59; neutrophilic in parapneumonic &#40;57&#37;&#41; and malignant &#40;9&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#59; eosinophilic in malignant &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41; and mesotelial in tuberculosis &#40;12&#37;&#41;&#46; The most frequent etiologies with lymphocyte count &#8805;80&#37; were tuberculosis &#40;35&#44;1&#37;&#41; and malignant &#40;23&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Parameters with higher discriminating accuracy were&#58; leukocytes &#40;transudates&#58; AUC 0&#44;835&#41; and percentage of neutrophils &#40;empyemas&#58; AUC 0&#44;906 and complicated parapneumonic&#43;empyemas&#58; AUC 0&#44;907&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nucleated cell counts will help focus the etiology of pleural effusions&#44; since each etiology often have a characteristic cell predominance&#46; The percentage of nucleated cells in pleural fluid not ruled out tuberculosis if there is a high count of mesothelial cells&#44; nor a parapneumonic effusion with lymphocytic predominance&#44; or malignancy with &#8805;80&#37; lymphocytes&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores de los porcentajes de neutr&#243;filos &#40;Neu&#46;&#41; y linfocitos &#40;Linf&#46;&#41; de cada paciente&#44; y su mediana&#44; seg&#250;n la etilog&#237;a del derrame pleural&#46;</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DPP&#58; derrame pleural paraneum&#243;nico&#59; IC&#58; insuficiencia cardiaca&#59; NEO&#58; neoplasia&#59; OE&#58; otros exudados&#59; OT&#58; otros trasudados&#59; TB&#58; tuberculosis&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Etiolog&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DPNe n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DPLi n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DPEo n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">MES n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Varios predominios n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insuficiencia cardiaca</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">157 &#40;44&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;19&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">116 &#40;32&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;10&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;42&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;8&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;15&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;8&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19 &#40;32&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Insuficiencia renal cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hidrot&#243;rax hep&#225;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipoalbuminemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulm&#243;n atrapado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Paraneum&#243;nicos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">349 &#40;23&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">199 &#40;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;17&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;4&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;5&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57 &#40;16&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No complicados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Complicados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Empiemas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tuberculosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">133 &#40;9&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">117 &#40;88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;10&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;7&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neopl&#225;sicos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">397 &#40;27&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;9&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">197 &#40;49&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;15&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35 &#40;8&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 &#40;28&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Met&#225;stasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">143&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">107&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mesotelioma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neoplasias hematol&#243;gicas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otros exudados</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">175 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;26&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">57 &#40;32&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;12&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;12&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;24&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleuropericarditis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemot&#243;rax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postraumatismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poscirug&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Embolia pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quilot&#243;rax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infecci&#243;n abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cirug&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span> aortocoronario&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pancreatitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>F&#225;rmacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sarcoidosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Esclerodermia sist&#233;mica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;ndrome de Sj&#246;gren&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1467&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">327 &#40;22&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">615 &#40;41&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77 &#40;5&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">213 &#40;14&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">119 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">356 &#40;24&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Un mismo l&#237;quido puede ser simult&#225;neamente de predominio eosinof&#237;lico&#44; neutrof&#237;lico o linfoc&#237;tico y mesotelial&#44; o puede no ser de ninguno &#40;v&#233;ase texto&#41;&#46; Los porcentajes se expresan en relaci&#243;n con el grupo etiol&#243;gico&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">DPEo&#58; derrame pleural eosinof&#237;lico &#40;&#8805;10&#37;&#41;&#59; DPLi&#58; derrame pleural linfoc&#237;tico &#40;&#8805;50&#37;&#41;&#59; DPNe&#58; derrame pleural neutrof&#237;lico &#40;&#8805;50&#37;&#41;&#59; MES&#58; derrame pleural mesotelial &#40;&#62;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Etiolog&#237;a de los 1&#46;467 derrames pleurales del estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a></p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los datos se expresan como medianas &#40;percentiles 5-95&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC&#58; insuficiencia cardiaca&#59; LP&#58; l&#237;quido pleural&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Otros trasudados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Paraneum&#243;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tuberculosos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Malignos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Otros exudados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">354&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">349&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">133&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">397&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">175&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Varones &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">223 &#40;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;57&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">234 &#40;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78 &#40;58&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">219 &#40;55&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95 &#40;54&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80 &#40;57&#44;4-91&#44;6&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70 &#40;43&#44;2-86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68 &#40;34-88&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;19-85&#44;7&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73 &#40;49-88&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">69 &#40;37&#44;1-86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tiempo &#40;d&#237;as&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;1-90&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;2-90&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;1-40&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;1&#44;6-90&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;5-120&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;1-89&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Recuento total c&#233;lulas nucleadas LP &#40;c&#233;lulas&#47;&#956;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">580 &#40;120-2&#46;400&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">360 &#40;85-2&#46;955&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#46;485 &#40;359-65&#46;000&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;615 &#40;533-6&#46;190&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#46;640 &#40;304-7&#46;308&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;230 &#40;323-9&#46;286&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Neutr&#243;filos&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;2-56&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;1-67&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59 &#40;5-93&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;0&#44;1-45&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;0&#44;1-66&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;3-75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Linfocitos&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;10-89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;3&#44;5-84&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;2-80&#44;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81 &#40;35&#44;2-97&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">49 &#40;10-89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;9-88&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Eosin&#243;filos&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-11&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-13&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-18&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mesoteliales&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-12&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-8&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;1 &#40;0&#44;1-12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Macr&#243;fagos&#44; &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27 &#40;0&#44;1-67&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;10-77&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;0&#44;1-45&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;0&#44;1-25&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;3-65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;0&#44;1-65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Etiolog&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tuberculosis</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71 &#40;35&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neoplasia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47 &#40;23&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulm&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Linfoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mama&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mesotelioma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ovario&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>P&#225;ncreas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mieloma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rabdomiosarcoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Origen no filiado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insuficiencia cardiaca</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;19&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otros exudados</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;11&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Quilot&#243;rax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>F&#225;rmacos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poscirug&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pleuropericarditis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cirug&#237;a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span> aortocoronario&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infecci&#243;n abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Embolia pulmonar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Postraumatismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Paraneum&#243;nicos</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17 &#40;8&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No complicados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Complicados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Empiemas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Otros trasudados</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hidrot&#243;rax hep&#225;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Insuficiencia renal cr&#243;nica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulm&#243;n atrapado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">202&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Etiolog&#237;a de los derrames pleurales con un recuento porcentual de linfocitos &#8805;80&#37;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AUC&#58; &#225;rea bajo la curva ROC&#59; DPPC&#58; derrame pleural paraneum&#243;nico complicado&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalos de confianza del 95&#37;&#59; LR&#43;&#58; raz&#243;n de verosimilitud positiva&#59; LR-&#58; raz&#243;n de verosimilitud negativa&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Etiolog&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Poblaci&#243;n celular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Punto de corte&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad&#44; &#37; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Especificidad&#44; &#37; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LR&#43; &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LR- &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUC &#40;IC95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Insuficiencia cardiaca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Leucocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8804;1&#46;340&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&#44;6 &#40;79&#44;3-87&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;6 &#40;63&#44;7-69&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;50 &#40;2&#44;3-2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;25 &#40;0&#44;2-0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;808 &#40;0&#44;787-0&#44;828&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Otros trasudados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Leucocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8804;830&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#44;7 &#40;67&#44;2-89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;7 &#40;68&#44;2-73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;72 &#40;2&#44;3-3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;29 &#40;0&#44;2-0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;794 &#40;0&#44;772-0&#44;815&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total trasudados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Leucocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8804;1&#46;080&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#44;2 &#40;72&#44;8-81&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#44;5 &#40;73&#44;8-79&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;29 &#40;2&#44;9-3&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;30 &#40;0&#44;3-0&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;835 &#40;0&#44;815-0&#44;854&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Paraneum&#243;nicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neutr&#243;filos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66&#44;5 &#40;61&#44;3-71&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&#44;7 &#40;82&#44;4-86&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;34 &#40;3&#44;7-5&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;40 &#40;0&#44;3-0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;808 &#40;0&#44;787-0&#44;828&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DPPC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neutr&#243;filos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;41&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#44;2 &#40;77&#44;5-92&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77 &#40;74&#44;6-79&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;74 &#40;3&#44;3-4&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;18 &#40;0&#44;1-0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;866 &#40;0&#44;848-0&#44;883&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Empiemas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neutr&#243;filos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;64&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82&#44;9 &#40;72-90&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#44;6 &#40;86&#44;8-90&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;27 &#40;6&#44;1-8&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;19 &#40;0&#44;1-0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;906 &#40;0&#44;890-0&#44;921&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DPPC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>empiema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Leucocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805; 10&#46;000&#47;&#956;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">36&#44;2 &#40;28&#44;8-44&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;4 &#40;96&#44;4-98&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13&#44;85 &#40;9&#44;1-21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;66 &#40;0&#44;6-0&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;751 &#40;0&#44;728-0&#44;772&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DPPC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>empiema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Neutr&#243;filos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;41&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#44;4 &#40;82&#44;5-92&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">80&#44;7 &#40;78&#44;4-82&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;57 &#40;3&#44;9-5&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;14 &#40;0&#44;07-0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;907 &#40;0&#44;891-0&#44;921&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tuberculosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Linfocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;62&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#44;7 &#40;68&#44;6-83&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&#44;7 &#40;72&#44;3-77&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;04 &#40;2&#44;7-3&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;31 &#40;0&#44;2-0&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;831 &#40;0&#44;811-0&#44;850&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tuberculosis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Linfocitos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8805;80&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">51&#44;1 &#40;42&#44;3-59&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#44;6 &#40;88&#44;9-92&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Vol. 217. Núm. 3.
Páginas 136-143 (abril 2017)
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Vol. 217. Núm. 3.
Páginas 136-143 (abril 2017)
ORIGINAL
Comportamiento de las células nucleadas en los distintos tipos de derrame pleural
Behaviour of nucleated cells in various types of pleural effusion
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L. Ferreiroa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
lferfer7@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, T. Pereiroa, E. San Joséb,c, M.E. Toubesa, J. Suárez-Anteloa, J.M. Álvarez Dobañoa,b, F.J. González Barcalaa,b, N. Rodríguez Núñeza, A. Lamaa, L. Valdésa,b
a Servicios de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España
b Grupo Interdisciplinar de Investigación en Neumología, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, España
c Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
Contenido relacionado
J.M. Porcel
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Estadísticas
Figuras (1)
Tablas (4)
Tabla 1. Etiología de los 1.467 derrames pleurales del estudio*
Tabla 2. Características de los pacientes según el grupo etiológico
Tabla 3. Etiología de los derrames pleurales con un recuento porcentual de linfocitos ≥80%
Tabla 4. Rentabilidad diagnóstica de las distintas poblaciones celulares en cada grupo etiológico de derrame pleural
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Resumen
Introducción

El conocimiento del comportamiento de los componentes celulares del líquido pleural puede ayudar a enfocar el diagnóstico diferencial de un derrame pleural. El objetivo es evaluar su composición en los distintos tipos de derrames y valorar si proporciona información clínica relevante

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo en el que se analiza el componente celular de derrames pleurales de diversa etiología. Los derrames se clasificaron como neutrofílicos, linfocíticos (≥50% de cada uno de ellos), eosinofílicos (≥10%) o mesoteliales (>5%) y se agruparon en 6 categorías diagnósticas.

Resultados

Se estudiaron 1.467 pacientes (354 insuficiencia cardiaca; 59 otros trasudados; 349 paraneumónicos; 133 tuberculosos; 397 neoplásicos y 175 otros exudados). El predominio celular fue linfocítico en la insuficiencia cardiaca (44,4%), paraneumónicos no complicados (29,2%), tuberculosis (88%) y neoplasias (49,6%); neutrofílico en los paraneumónicos (57%) y neoplásicos (9,6%); eosinofílico en las neoplasias (6,3%) y mesotelial en las tuberculosis (12%). Las etiologías más frecuentes con un recuento linfocitario ≥80% fueron tuberculosis (35,1%) y neoplasias (23,3%). Los parámetros con mayor capacidad discriminante fueron: leucocitos (trasudados: AUC 0,835) y porcentaje de neutrófilos (empiemas: AUC 0,906 y paraneumónicos complicados + empiemas: AUC 0,907)

Conclusiones

Los recuentos de células nucleadas ayudan a enfocar la etiología del derrame pleural, ya que cada etiología suele tener un predominio celular característico. El porcentaje de células nucleadas en el líquido pleural no puede descartar tuberculosis si existe un recuento elevado de células mesoteliales, ni un derrame paraneumónico ante un predominio linfocítico, o malignidad con un recuento de linfocitos ≥80%

Palabras clave:
Derrame pleural
Células nucleadas totales
Porcentaje células nucleadas
Derrame pleural neutrofílico
Derrame pleural linfocítico
Derrame pleural eosinofílico
Células mesoteliales
Abstract
Introduction

To know the behavior of cellular components of pleural fluid can help focus the differential diagnosis of a pleural effusion. Our objective was to assess their composition in different types of pleural effusions and assess whether it provides relevant clinical information.

Patients and methods

Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study in which the cellular components of pleural effusions of different etiology were analyzed. Pleural effusions were classified as neutrophilic, lymphocytic (≥50% of each one of them), eosinophilic (≥10%) or mesothelial (>5%) and were grouped into six diagnostic categories

Results

1.467 patients were studied (354 heart failure; 59 other transudates; 349 paraneumonic; 133 tuberculous; 397 malignant and 175 other exudates). The predominance cell was lymphocytic in heart failure (44,4%), uncomplicated parapneumonic (29,2%), tuberculosis (88%) and malignant (49,6%); neutrophilic in parapneumonic (57%) and malignant (9,6%); eosinophilic in malignant (6,3%) and mesotelial in tuberculosis (12%). The most frequent etiologies with lymphocyte count ≥80% were tuberculosis (35,1%) and malignant (23,3%). Parameters with higher discriminating accuracy were: leukocytes (transudates: AUC 0,835) and percentage of neutrophils (empyemas: AUC 0,906 and complicated parapneumonic+empyemas: AUC 0,907).

Conclusions

Nucleated cell counts will help focus the etiology of pleural effusions, since each etiology often have a characteristic cell predominance. The percentage of nucleated cells in pleural fluid not ruled out tuberculosis if there is a high count of mesothelial cells, nor a parapneumonic effusion with lymphocytic predominance, or malignancy with ≥80% lymphocytes.

Keywords:
Pleural effusion
Total nucleated cells
Percentage nucleated cells
Neutrophilic pleural effusion
Lymphocytic pleural effusion
Eosinophilic pleural effusion
Mesothelial cells

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