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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to affect public health worldwide&#46; On the American continents&#44; the number of reported cases continues to rise in Brazil&#44; Argentina&#44; Peru&#44; Chile&#44; the USA&#44; and Mexico&#44; among others&#46; In regard to other respiratory viruses&#44; South America has reported little circulation of these entities during the southern hemisphere&#8217;s winter period &#40;June&#8211;August 2020&#41;&#44; principally described in press reports&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; the Pan American Health Organization &#40;PAHO&#41; highlighted that in the month of July&#44; the expected increase in seasonal flu was not recorded&#59; indeed&#44; rates were even lower than off-season values&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> A decrease in circulation of other respiratory viruses was also reported in Oceania&#46; In Australia&#44; the annual positivity rate for influenza was just 0&#46;88&#37; as of July 15&#44; 2020&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; in the USA and Europe&#44; there were reports of flu coexisting with COVID-19 in the population during the winter period of January&#8211;March 2020&#46; In Europe&#44; the peak occurred in mid-January&#44; with a 45&#37; positivity rate detected in sentinel centers&#46; There was a predominance of influenza A &#40;H1N1&#41;pdm09 followed by A H3N2 and B&#47;Victoria&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to this disparate behavior and the scarce information available in Latin America&#44; we evaluated the circulation of respiratory viruses detected in July 2020 in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital &#40;HCUCH&#44; for its initials in Spanish&#41;&#46; HCUCH is a public university hospital which mainly cares for adult patients&#46; It is located in the northern zone of Chile&#8217;s capital city in an area with a greater population density than other municipalities in the country&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this work was to discover the magnitude and distribution of respiratory viruses among individuals who consulted in the emergency department &#40;ED&#41; during the month of July 2020 and compare it to the same period in 2019&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All tests ordered for the diagnosis of respiratory viruses via PCR in the months of July 2020 and July 2019&#8212;the period of the year with the greatest number of respiratory consultations at our institution&#8212;were retrospectively analyzed&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The method used for testing for respiratory viruses was a nasopharyngeal swab collected in a universal transport medium&#46; Later&#44; a FilmArray&#174; Respiratory 2&#46;0 expanded molecular panel for 20 respiratory pathogens &#40;BioFire&#174; Diagnostics&#44; Salt Lake City&#44; USA&#41; was used&#46; This machine&#44; which is automated from extraction to amplification&#44; uses nested PCR to improve the technique&#8217;s sensitivity&#46; The pathogens included in the kit were&#58; adenovirus&#44; coronavirus 229E&#44; coronavirus HKU1&#44; coronavirus OC43&#44; coronavirus NL63&#44; human metapneumovirus&#44; human rhinovirus&#47;enterovirus&#44; influenza A&#44; influenza A&#47;H1&#44; influenza A&#47;H1-2009&#44; influenza A&#47;H3&#44; influenza B&#44; parainfluenza 1&#44; parainfluenza 2&#44; parainfluenza 3&#44; parainfluenza 4&#44; RSV&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bordetella pertussis&#44; Chlamydophila pneumoniae</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycoplasma pneumoniae&#46;</span></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In July 2020&#44; 630 tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 were ordered from the ED&#44; including 133 samples in which a differential diagnosis with other respiratory viruses was also conducted using a molecular panel&#46; A 19&#37; positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 and a 0&#37; positivity rate for other viruses were found&#44; representing a decrease in the circulation of other respiratory viral agents of 100&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the month of July 2019&#44; 387 respiratory molecular panel tests were performed&#58; 53&#37; of the samples were positive&#46; The virus with the greatest circulation was respiratory syncytial virus &#40;RSV&#41; &#40;63&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by influenza A H1N1 &#40;14&#37;&#41; and influenza B &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparing our results to the surveillance of respiratory agents in the country&#44; it was observed that in July 2020&#44; 3&#44;602 samples were analyzed in sentinel centers and there was a positivity rate of 0&#46;97&#37; for non-SARS-CoV-2 samples&#46; This is in contrast to the previous year &#40;July 2019&#41;&#44; in which 9&#44;898 samples were analyzed and there was a positivity rate of 47&#46;32&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The 100&#37; decrease in the circulation of other respiratory viruses observed in our results is in line with what has been described in national surveillance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Is maintaining physical distance&#44; hand washing&#44; and use of masks so important to achieving a decrease in other respiratory viral agents&#63; In Chile&#44; a campaign for frequent hand washing has been in place since from March 13&#44; 2020&#46; In-person classes in schools and universities were suspended on March 15&#44; 2020&#46; Air borders were closed on March 18&#44; 2020&#46; Lastly&#44; circulation of the population in public spaces without a mask has been prohibited as of April 17&#44; 2020&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Kentucky &#40;USA&#41;&#44; a decrease in positivity rates for seasonal respiratory viruses was observed and was associated with the strict social distancing measures implemented&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A brief review of the Taiwanese&#44; Korean&#44; and Japanese populations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> showed that in 2020&#44; the peak in seasonal flu was lower compared to previous years&#46; This was partly related to stricter physical distancing measures&#44; modifications in greetings&#44; and their cultures&#8217; use of masks&#46; In 2018&#44; the impact of travelers and the importation of certain diseases was studied in the USA&#46; Greater disease transmission occurred in travelers who arrived from medium- or low-income countries&#46; These included skin infections&#44; insect bites&#44; and viral respiratory diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Though it is not possible to determine the causes of the low circulation of other respiratory viruses in this report&#44; it would be very interesting to discover more about their behavior in the southern hemisphere during the pandemic period&#46; The differences observed in the basic epidemiology of these respiratory pathogens could generate potential changes in their re-emergence&#46;</p><span id="sec0041" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0101">Funding</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors received no funding for the creation of this article&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">207&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;684&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adenovirus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">280&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Parainfluenza&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">308&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Human metapneumovirus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RSV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Influenza A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">494&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Influenza B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Other respiratory viruses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#47;A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "The Department of Health&#44; Australian Influenza Surveillance Report &#91;Accessed 14 September 2020&#93; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/5F27336697A16499CA2585B60001ED37/$File/flu-08-2020.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www1&#46;health&#46;gov&#46;au&#47;internet&#47;main&#47;publishing&#46;nsf&#47;Content&#47;5F27336697A16499CA2585B60001ED37&#47;&#36;File&#47;flu-08-2020&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
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Correspondence
In search of other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic
En búsqueda de otros virus respiratorios durante la pandemia COVID-19
G. Saint-Pierre Contrerasa,b,
Corresponding author
gsaintpierre@hcuch.cl

Corresponding author.
, G. Muñoz Gomeza, F. Silva Ojedac
a Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
b Microbiología Clínica, Programa Especialidades Médicas, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
c Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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