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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polymyalgia rheumatica &#40;PMR&#41; and giant cell arteritis &#40;GCA&#41; are inflammatory diseases of an unknown etiology that can occur in people over 50 years of age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> PMR usually presents with bilateral pain in the upper extremities and marked functional impairment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> On the other hand&#44; ischemic symptoms such as headache and jaw claudication constitute the classic cranial pattern of GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> although its spectrum also includes extracranial GCA with associated large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These two entities may occur in an overlapping manner&#44; as up to 30&#37; of patients with PMR develop GCA during its clinical course<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> and half of patients with GCA may have symptoms of PMR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both PMR and GCA require an early diagnosis in order to start appropriate treatment and prevent possible complications&#46; Although a temporal artery biopsy is still considered the gold standard diagnostic method for GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> its invasive nature and the need to schedule surgery often make it unfeasible&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In recent years&#44; evidence has emerged that supports the use of imaging tests as a supplement in the clinical diagnosis of both diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In particular&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#41; combined with computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> allows for assessing articular and extra-articular structures as well as the presence of concomitant LVV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10</span></a> Thus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET has been shown to be useful in detecting LVV in patients with PMR in whom concomitant GCA is suspected&#44; especially in those with relapses&#44; persistent acute phase reactant elevation&#44; or resistance to corticosteroid therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However&#44; previous studies with <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with PMR have reported heterogeneous rates of LVV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> In regard to GCA&#44; it has been described that extracranial LVV may be present in up to 50&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Patients with the extracranial phenotype may have a higher rate of disease recurrence as well as a longer duration of steroid therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In view of the above&#44; the active search for extracranial LVV using imaging techniques could be clinically useful in the approach to patients with PMR or GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> although there is no consensus on the most appropriate test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18</span></a> This systematic review aims to synthesize the currently available evidence on the prevalence of extracranial LVV detected using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with a previous diagnosis of PMR or GCA&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is reported according to the PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses&#41; guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;23</span></a> The study protocol was predefined&#44; but not prospectively registered&#46; Ethical approval and informed consent were not required&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Search strategy and study selection</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A literature review was performed in the two main biomedical databases &#40;PubMed and EMBASE&#41; to identify relevant publications on the diagnostic value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with PMR or GCA between 2018 and February 8&#44; 2023&#46; Specific search strategies were designed for each database using free and controlled terminology &#40;MESH and EMTREE&#44; respectively&#41; based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and combined using the Boolean operators &#34;AND&#47;OR&#34;&#46; The search strategy was developed by two independent reviewers&#46; The search terms used were&#58; &#34;large vessel vasculitis&#34;&#44; &#34;giant cell arteritis&#34;&#44; &#34;temporal arteritis&#34;&#44; &#34;rheumatic polymyalgia&#34;&#44; &#34;pet&#47;ct&#34;&#44; &#34;positron emission tomography&#34;&#44; and &#34;computed tomography&#34;&#46; The bibliographies of the studies identified in the search were also reviewed to locate other relevant documents&#46; Details on the search strategies are shown in the <span class="elsevierStyleBold">supplementary material &#40;Tables S1 and S2&#41;</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the database searches were identified and duplicates were eliminated&#46; Two independent reviewers examined the titles and abstracts to determine their relevance&#46; The full texts of all publications that passed the first screening were obtained to review them and determine their eligibility&#46; In case of disagreement&#44; the final decision was made through consensus&#46; Studies that met the following criteria were included&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> studies that included adult patients with a diagnosis of PMR and&#47;or GCA who underwent an LVV study using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> the reference standard used to determine the diagnostic value of the index test was clinical classification criteria or a clinical diagnosis established by the attending healthcare professional&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> studies with a cross-sectional or longitudinal design on diagnostic tests&#46; Publications were excluded if they were not in English or Spanish or if they were case reports or consecutive case series with fewer than five patients&#44; conference abstracts&#44; reviews and meta-analyses&#44; as well as studies not conducted in human beings or with mixed populations or interventions &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; those combined with magnetic resonance angiography&#41; in which the results were not reported separately or those in which insufficient data were provided to calculate the proportion of patients with extracranial LVV&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data extraction</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After reading the full text of each of the selected publications&#44; two reviewers independently extracted the following data&#58; authors&#44; title and year of publication&#44; study design and location&#44; characteristics of the study population &#40;age&#44; gender&#44; diagnosis&#44; and diagnostic criteria used&#41;&#44; intervention characteristics &#40;vascular regions evaluated&#44; definition of extracranial LVV&#44; imaging test type&#44; radiotracer dose&#44; time interval to image acquisition&#44; fasting time&#44; and workstation used&#41;&#46; As for the outcome variable&#44; the absolute and relative frequency of cases with extracranial LVV identified using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was recorded&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Quality assessment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Given that most of the eligible studies were expected to be cross-sectional observational works&#44; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span> for this review with the assessment of five issues grouped into two dimensions&#58; &#40;1&#41; participant selection and &#40;2&#41; evaluation of the outcome <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;Table S3</span>&#41;&#46; The comparability dimension was discarded as it was not applicable in this review&#46; The reviewers gave a score of one point on each issue if the study had the expected quality for that aspect or zero points if it did not&#46; For the purposes of this work&#44; a study was considered to have a high risk of bias &#40;low quality&#41; if the total score was less than three points&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The proportion of patients with extracranial LVV was estimated for each cohort included in the review along with the 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&#46; The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> statistic and the Q test&#44; assuming relevant heterogeneity if I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#62;&#8239;50&#37; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;1 on the Q test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Individual results were weighted by inverse variance using the Freeman-Tukey transformation&#46; The random effects model was used if there was relevant heterogeneity and the fixed effects model if there was not&#46; The individual and aggregate results were represented through a forest plot&#46; A subgroup analysis was performed in order to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity&#44; comparing the results according to the following characteristics&#58; disease type&#44; study quality&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake criteria&#46; Differences among the different groups were evaluated using the chi-square test&#46; Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the presence of asymmetry in the plot was assessed using Egger&#8217;s test&#46; A value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; Analyses were performed with MedCalc for Windows v22 &#40;MedCalc Software&#44; Ostend&#44; Belgium&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Search results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The selection process is summarized in the flow chart shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; The search identified a total of 268 publications &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;95 in Medline and n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;173 in Embase&#41;&#46; Of them&#44; 90 duplicate publications were excluded before screening&#46; The remaining 178 studies were reviewed individually&#46; A total of 136 were excluded because they did not meet the selection criteria&#44; most often because they were conference abstracts &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;52&#41;&#44; not original research articles &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;36&#41;&#44; or case reports &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;29&#41;&#46; The full texts of the remaining 42 articles were then reviewed and data of interest were extracted&#46; In this phase&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11 publications were excluded because the population studied did not coincide with this review&#8217;s target subjects&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11 did not include data on the outcome variable or it was not able to be assessed&#44; one publication was excluded that included a series of only three assessable cases&#44; and one article was excluded because it was written in a language &#40;Hungarian&#41; other than the accepted languages&#46; Therefore&#44; 17 studies ultimately met all the selection criteria and were included in the review&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Characteristics of the studies included</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main study characteristics are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The 17 articles included were published in English between 2018 and 2022&#46; The selected studies were mostly conducted in Europe &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;15&#59; 88&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#59; the most common countries were Spain &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#59; 29&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; Italy&#44; and France &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#59; 14&#46;3&#37; each&#41;&#46; The review also included two studies conducted outside of Europe&#44; specifically in the USA and Australia&#46; In regard to design&#44; although most of the studies were retrospective &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;10&#59; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; prospective studies &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;6&#59; 35&#46;3&#37;&#41; and a case series &#40;5&#46;9&#37;&#41; were also included&#46; The studies included a total of 1042 patients&#44; with sample sizes ranging from 19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> to 84 participants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Of these&#44; only subjects with a diagnosis of GCA and&#47;or PMR were selected for analysis&#44; which ultimately yielded a total of 648 patients with a range of sample sizes between 15<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> and 84&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;35</span></a> Twelve studies &#40;70&#46;6&#37;&#41; included patients diagnosed with GCA and five &#40;29&#46;4&#37;&#41; with PMR&#46; All but one study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> reported data on the age and gender distribution of the participants selected for analysis&#46; The median age was 72&#46;3 years&#44; with a range of 66&#46;7&#8211;80&#46;8 years&#46; All had a preponderance of women &#40;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; with a range of 52&#46;6&#37;&#8211;88&#46;2&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The activity of the radioactive material dose injected&#44; which included both weight-based doses &#40;between 3 and 7&#8239;MBq&#47;kg&#41; and fixed doses &#40;between 100 and 370&#8239;MBq&#41;&#44; was quite heterogeneous&#46; The imaging studies covered different segments of the aorta and its branches&#44; with the most studied regions being the carotid &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;12&#59; 70&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; iliac &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11&#44; 64&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; subclavian and axillary &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;10&#44; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and thoracic areas &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#59; 47&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> specifies the manners of assessing <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake and the classification criteria most commonly used as a reference&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Methodological quality</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The methodological quality of the studies analyzed was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;Table S3</span>&#41;&#46; Of the five possible points&#44; the maximum score achieved was four points&#44; achieved in three studies &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; while six articles &#40;35&#46;3&#37;&#41; obtained three points&#59; all of them were considered to have a low risk of bias&#46; Eight publications &#40;47&#46;1&#37;&#41; were considered have a high risk of bias&#44; scoring less than three points&#58; four scored two points and four scored one point&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Table S4</span> summarizes the quality assessment of the studies included in the meta-analysis according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Extracranial vascular involvement measured using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the data of the 17 studies included in the meta-analysis&#44; the total combined prevalence of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR or GCA observed via <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was estimated&#46; The random-effects model was used due to the presence of relevant heterogeneity among the studies &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;89&#46;3&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 84&#46;5&#37;&#8211;92&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The meta-analysis&#44; which can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44; showed a total combined prevalence of extracranial LVV according to <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT of 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Subgroup analysis</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results of the prespecified subgroup analysis&#46; In regard to disease type&#44; the combined rate of extracranial LVV in patients with GCA &#40;60&#46;1&#37; &#91;95&#37;CI&#58; 44&#46;2&#37;&#8211;74&#46;9&#37;&#93;&#41; was significantly higher than in patients with PMR &#40;41&#46;8&#37; &#91;95&#37;CI&#58; 26&#46;7&#37;&#8211;57&#46;8&#37;&#93;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;006&#41;&#46; On analyzing the studies grouped according to the quality as assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale&#44; it was observed that in the group of studies with low risk of bias&#44; the rate of extracranial LVV &#40;61&#46;1&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 41&#46;0&#37;&#8211;79&#46;5&#37;&#93;&#41; was higher than the group of studies at high risk of bias &#40;46&#46;9&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 35&#46;7&#37;&#8211;58&#46;3&#37;&#93;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;010&#41;&#46; However&#44; no significant differences were observed in regard to the uptake criterion used in the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Publication bias</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The possibility of publication bias was examined using a funnel plot&#46; The results of the individual studies were symmetrically distributed around the overall estimate&#44; which is indicative of an absence of bias <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; the asymmetry in the graph was evaluated using Egger&#8217;s test &#40;Intersection&#58; &#8722;0&#46;1151 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; &#8722;6&#46;2158 to 5&#46;9856&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;969&#41;&#44; which confirmed the absence of bias&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Discussion</span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Main outcomes</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is the first systematic review with meta-analysis on the role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT in the detection of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR or GCA&#46; The meta-analysis showed that in these patients&#44; the prevalence of extracranial LVV measured by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT was 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; The subgroup analysis showed that in patients with a previous diagnosis of GCA&#44; the rate of extracranial LVV was 60&#46;1&#37; whereas it was 41&#46;8&#37; in those with PMR&#46; Therefore&#44; these results show a high prevalence of extracranial LVV involvement in both inflammatory processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;43&#44;44</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Heterogeneity in the literature</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The studies included showed notable differences in terms of technical aspects and the interpretation of images obtained using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#44; such as the dose administered&#44; the time interval between radiotracer injection and image acquisition&#44; and the scanning systems and reconstruction algorithms used&#46; These contributed to a marked heterogeneity&#44; which limits the applicability of the results&#46; In addition&#44; variations were observed among the studies in regard to the criteria used to interpret LVV images due to the lack of an international consensus in this regard&#46; Most of the studies employed visual analysis methods for radiotracer uptake patterns in the arterial walls and&#47;or use of a visual uptake scoring system&#44; with some using semiquantitative criteria &#40;SUV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#41; and others not&#46; Some authors visually scored different arterial regions and combined them into a composite uptake scale &#40;such as the PET vascular activity score &#40;PETVAS&#41;&#44; for example&#41;&#44; with significant differences in scan coverage and arterial regions examined among the studies&#46; Likewise&#44; the increases observed in blood and liver absorption of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG in subjects with kidney failure and high-dose corticosteroid treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> respectively&#44; call into question what the most reliable reference standard for monitoring LVV is&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> This heterogeneity could also be explained by the clinical characteristics of the patients with PMR or GCA included&#44; given that the diagnostic criteria differed widely among the studies analyzed&#46; Finally&#44; there is some implicit variability in the design of the studies included regarding the timing of the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan during the disease&#8217;s course&#44; with the consequent potential impact on the results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#44;48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Strengths and limitations</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results synthesize the available evidence on the usefulness of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT in the detection of extracranial arterial involvement in PMR and GCA&#44; which may contribute to the design of future diagnostic strategies for these diseases&#46; However&#44; there are some limitations that must be addressed&#46; The sample sizes of the studies included in the review was relatively small&#44; with a maximum number of 84 patients&#46; It should also be noted that two distinct diseases&#44; PMR and GCA&#44; have been grouped together in this study&#44; although they may overlap from a clinical point of view&#46; Therefore&#44; in addition to the overall results&#44; a subgroup analysis was performed in which the results were evaluated separately&#46; In some studies&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan results were complemented with other parameters that measure disease activity&#46; This could have led to an overestimation of the test&#8217;s ability to assess the activity of both diseases&#46; Furthermore&#44; since there is no standard test for the diagnosis of LVV involvement in patients with PMR and GCA&#44; clinical classification criteria such as those from the ACR&#44; EULAR&#44; Chuang&#44; and Bird were used as a reference&#44; although the ability of these criteria to assess disease activity is unknown&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;41</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; patients with GCA and LVV meet the ACR criteria less frequently and often requiring imaging tests for diagnostic confirmation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#8211;44</span></a> Another limitation to consider was the heterogeneity in the quality of the studies analyzed&#8212;the influence of which on this review&#8217;s results was addressed in the subgroup analysis&#8212;with a higher rate of extracranial LVV observed in high quality studies&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite these considerations&#44; our results are in line with those of other recent studies&#46; A systematic review published in 2021<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> analyzed 21 studies with the aim of summarizing the current evidence on the value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT for treatment monitoring in patients with LVV&#46; The authors of that work concluded that this test has moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting active LVV and aiding in therapeutic decision-making&#44; although the findings should be contextualized according to clinical suspicion of disease activity&#46; The same authors in another systematic review with a meta-analysis on the evidence of the diagnostic value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in PMR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> concluded that the combination of significant <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake patterns in various anatomical sites provides diagnostic information and may be a useful tool when PMR is suspected&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The marked heterogeneity observed in clinical aspects and in the acquisition and interpretation procedures of the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT images means that the results of this test must be interpreted in the context of other clinical and biochemical findings&#46; On the other hand&#44; it should be noted that no differences were found in this work in the evaluation of SUV uptake according to the liver uptake criterion&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Future research</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further studies are needed in order to clearly establish the role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in the diagnosis of extracranial arterial involvement in patients with PMR and GCA&#46; There are currently no clear&#44; agreed-upon guidelines on <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT imaging in these patients with suspected LVV&#46; This work highlights the need for large prospective studies to elucidate which patient profile and technical parameters &#40;activity of dose administered&#44; time interval between radiotracer injection and image acquisition&#44; device type&#44; and image reconstruction algorithms&#41; are optimal for the diagnosis of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR and GCA&#46; Furthermore&#44; the practical implications of subclinical large vessel inflammation in patients with PMR and GCA have not been sufficiently clarified&#59; further studies are needed to determine whether the findings on <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT have prognostic or therapeutic implications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Clinical implications</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although ultrasound is the diagnostic test of choice in patients with suspected predominantly cranial GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> this work indicates that <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT can provide useful results for the diagnosis of extracranial LVV&#46; However&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT has several disadvantages&#44; including a high cost&#44; radiation exposure&#44; and the need for professionals with a high level of expertise and immediate availability&#46; In turn&#44; it can detect inflammatory activity throughout the body and allows for a comprehensive evaluation of all significant extracranial large arteries in a single scan&#44; which are significant advantages over other imaging tests such as localized magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> In addition&#44; the development of new <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT camera systems with greater resolution will make it possible to evaluate other structures that up until now have been less accessible&#44; such as the temporal arteries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Its high diagnostic accuracy in areas of greater arterial involvement in patients with GCA &#40;cranial and large supra-aortic vessels&#41; and its ability to rule out alternative diagnoses&#44; such as neoplasms and infectious diseases&#44; are other advantages associated with its use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;50</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with PMR and a possible diagnosis of concomitant GCA&#44; an <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan may be useful for determining extracranial LVV and thus modifying the treatment regimen accordingly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> On the other hand&#44; the presence of LVV in the aortic area may be a risk factor for aneurysm rupture or aortic dissection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> Therefore&#44; it seems reasonable to know about this complication in advance in order to improve control of the patient&#8217;s inflammatory disease&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This review found a prevalence of extracranial LVV of 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41; in patients with GCA and&#47;or PMR detected by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46; This involvement is more common in patients with GCA and may vary depending on study quality&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Funding</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work has been possible thanks to the support of <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">the Sociedad de Medicina Interna de Madrid y Castilla La Mancha &#40;SOMIMACA&#41;</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a has given lectures and provided consulting services for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MFF declares no conflicts of interest&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gonzalo Serralta has given lectures for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Borja de Miguel Campo has given lectures for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Noblejas Mozo has done consulting work for GSK&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda has done consulting work for ROCHE&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Authorship</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuscript conception and design&#58; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#44; Martin Fabregate&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data collection&#46; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis and interpretation&#46; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; Martin Fabregate&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drafting&#44; revision&#44; and approval of the submitted manuscript&#58; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; Martin Fabregate&#44; Gonzalo Serralta&#44; Borja de Miguel Campo&#44; Ana Noblejas Mozo&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Extracranial vascular involvement measured using F-FDG PET&#47;CT"
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              "titulo" => "Subgroup analysis"
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              "titulo" => "Main outcomes"
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              "titulo" => "Heterogeneity in the literature"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2023-11-13"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2024-04-25"
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            0 => "Giant cell arteritis"
            1 => "Polymyalgia rheumatica"
            2 => "Fluorodeoxyglucose F18"
            3 => "Positron emission tomography"
            4 => "Computed tomography"
            5 => "Large vessel vasculitis"
            6 => "Meta-analysis"
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            0 => "Arteritis de c&#233;lulas gigantes"
            1 => "Polimialgia reum&#225;tica"
            2 => "18F-fluorodesoxiglucosa"
            3 => "Tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones"
            4 => "Tomograf&#237;a computarizada"
            5 => "Vasculitis de gran vaso"
            6 => "Aortitis"
            7 => "Meta-an&#225;lisis"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review of current evidence to analyze the prevalence of extracranial large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41; using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica &#40;PMR&#41; or giant cell arteritis &#40;GCA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PubMed and EMBASE were searched and the results were screened by two reviewers&#46; Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale&#46; Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> statistic and the Q test&#46; Further subgroup analyses were performed by disease type&#44; study quality&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake criteria&#46; Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger&#39;s test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">268 publications were identified&#44; of which 17 met the selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis&#46; The overall pooled prevalence of extracranial LVV by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was 54&#46;5&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#93;&#46; In patients with GCA the prevalence was significantly higher than in patients with PMR &#40;60&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 41&#46;8&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;006&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; studies with a lower risk of bias reported a higher prevalence of extracranial LVV &#40;61&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 46&#46;9&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;010&#41;&#46; No publication bias was observed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT test may be useful in the detection of extracranial LVV&#44; both in patients with PMR or GCA&#46; Such involvement is more frequent in patients with GCA&#44; and may vary depending on the quality of the studies&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de la evidencia actual para analizar la prevalencia de vasculitis de gran vaso &#40;VGV&#41; extracraneal detectada mediante <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC en pacientes con polimialgia reum&#225;tica &#40;PMR&#41; o arteritis de c&#233;lulas grandes &#40;ACG&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizaron b&#250;squedas en PubMed y EMBASE en febrero de 2023&#44; y los resultados fueron examinados por dos revisores&#46; La calidad de los estudios fue evaluada con la escala Newcastle-Ottawa modificada&#46; La heterogeneidad se evalu&#243; mediante I2 y la prueba Q&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el modelo de efectos aleatorios en presencia de heterogeneidad relevante&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de subgrupos comparando los resultados por tipo de enfermedad&#44; calidad de los estudios y criterio de captaci&#243;n&#46; El sesgo de publicaci&#243;n fue evaluado mediante el gr&#225;fico de embudo &#40;funnel plot&#41; y la prueba de Egger&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identificaron 268 publicaciones&#44; de las cuales 17 cumplieron los criterios de selecci&#243;n y fueron incluidas en el metaan&#225;lisis&#46; La prevalencia combinada total de VGV extracraneal por<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC fue de 54&#44;5&#37; &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 42&#44;6&#37; a 66&#44;1&#37;&#93;&#46; En ACG la prevalencia fue significativamente m&#225;s elevada que en PMR &#40;60&#44;1&#37; vs&#46; 41&#44;8&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;006&#41;&#46; A su vez&#44; los estudios con menor riesgo de sesgo presentaron mayor prevalencia de VGV extracraneal &#40;61&#44;1&#37; vs&#46; 46&#44;9&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;010&#41;&#46; No se observ&#243; sesgo de publicaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC puede ser &#250;til en la detecci&#243;n de VGV extracraneal&#44; tanto en pacientes con PMR como con ACG&#46; Dicha afectaci&#243;n es m&#225;s frecuente en ACG&#44; y puede variar en funci&#243;n de la calidad de los estudios&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total study population&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">number of patients included in the review &#40;PMR&#47;GCA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age &#40;years&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;&#37; women&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Criteria for the diagnosis of PMR&#47;GCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition of positive test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extracranial vascular regions evaluated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ar&#233;valo Ruales K&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;23&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chuang criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linear distribution with uptake intensity equal to or greater than that of the liver parenchyma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; thoracic&#44; or abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bellan&#44; M&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;0&#47;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic uptake greater than or equal to that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ascending and descending thoracic&#44; abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Camellino D&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;84&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bird Criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colaci M&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;17&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake by large vessels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; femoral&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; and carotid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grayson PC&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;0&#47;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PETVAS&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; innominate&#44; carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hay B&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;0&#47;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; innominate&#44; carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imfeld S&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Switzerland</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;0&#47;68&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;7</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria or at least 2 of the 5 ACR criteria combined with ultrasound findings typical of vasculitis according to the OMERACT definition</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic region&#58;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; proximal arteries of the arm&#44; aortic&#44; iliac&#44; and common femoral arteries</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular SUV&#47;Mean hepatic SUV&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aorta and iliac-femoral regions&#58;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular SUV&#47;Mean hepatic SUV&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Malich L&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Germany&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;0&#47;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#62;&#8239;liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Brachiocephalic trunk&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; common carotid&#44; common iliac&#44; and femoral arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mestre-Torres J&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;0&#47;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 3 qualification &#40;uptake higher than that of the liver&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vertebral&#44; brachiocephalic trunk&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; common carotid&#44; common iliac&#44; and femoral arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mestre-Torres&#44; J&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;0&#47;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;8<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">One or more territories with grade 3 uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Molina-Collada&#44; J&#59; 2023<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;0&#47;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nielsen BD&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Denmark&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;0&#47;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Modified 1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Segmental and homogeneous <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake in the aorta and&#47;or large supra-aortic vessels greater than liver uptake &#40;grade 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#47;axillary&#44; carotid&#44; and ileofemoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pean de Ponfilly-Sotier M&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;35&#47;6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;2012 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake greater than that of surrounding tissues and not associated with physiological uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic and its main branches&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prieto-Pena&#44; D&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;84&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;2012 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linear uptake pattern in the wall of the aorta and its branches with an intensity similar to or greater than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic trunks&#44; thoracic aorta&#44; abdominal aorta&#44; iliac and femoral&#47;tibioperoneal arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sammel AM&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Australia</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;0&#47;21&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACR 1990 criteria</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 1&#58; Minimal uptake&#47;increase doubtful&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; brachiocephalic&#44; and aorta</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 2&#58; Moderate uptake&#47;clearly increased&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sebastian A&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">United Kingdom</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;0&#47;22&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;1</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;6</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adapted criteria&#58; clinical&#44; laboratory&#44; and imaging test findings with a confirmatory imaging test or temporal artery biopsy</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 1&#58; Uptake less than liver uptake&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic trunks&#44; thoracic aorta&#44; abdominal aorta&#44; iliac and femoral&#47;tibioperoneal arteries</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 2&#58; Uptake equal to liver uptake&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 3&#58; Uptake greater than liver uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thibault&#44; T&#44; 2023<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;0&#47;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2021 ACR Recommendations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">At least one arterial segment had grade 2 hypermetabolism &#40;similar to that of the liver&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; brachiocephalic&#44; and aorta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Values are reported as means&#46; Values marked with an asterisk indicate medians&#46; NR&#58; not reported&#59; SUV&#58; standardized uptake values&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#58; positron emission tomography&#47;computed tomography with <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluorodeoxyglucose&#46; PMR&#58; polymyalgia rheumatica&#46; GCA&#58; giant cell arteritis&#46; &#43; 6 patients had a concomitant diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis&#46;</p>"
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          ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of the studies and population included&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">exLVV&#58; extracranial large vessel vasculitis&#59; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#58; heterogeneity&#59; GCA&#58; giant cell arteritis&#59; PMR&#58; polymyalgia rheumatica&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rate &#91;95&#37; CI&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">exLVV&#47;Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Overall&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;5&#37; &#91;42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">352&#47;648&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Type of disease</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GCA &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;12&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;90&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;1&#37; &#91;44&#46;2&#37;&#8211;74&#46;9&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">237&#47;405&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;006</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PMR &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;82&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;8&#37; &#91;26&#46;7&#37;&#8211;57&#46;8&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">115&#47;243&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Quality</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low risk of bias &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;9&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;93&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original article
The utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting extracranial large vessel vasculitis in rheumatic polymyalgia or giant cell arteritis. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Utilidad del 18F-FDG-PET/TC en la detección de vasculitis de gran vaso extracraneal en pacientes con polimialgia reumática o arteritis de células gigantes. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Andrés González-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
, Martín Fabregatea, Gonzalo Serraltab, Borja de Miguel Campoc, Ana Noblejas-Mozod, Ángel Robles-Marhuendad, en representación de la Sección de Autoinmunes de la Sociedad de Medicina Interna Madrid-Castilla La Mancha
a Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
c Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
d Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forest plot showing the proportion of patients with GCA and PMR who have extracranial large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41; detected by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Polymyalgia rheumatica &#40;PMR&#41; and giant cell arteritis &#40;GCA&#41; are inflammatory diseases of an unknown etiology that can occur in people over 50 years of age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> PMR usually presents with bilateral pain in the upper extremities and marked functional impairment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> On the other hand&#44; ischemic symptoms such as headache and jaw claudication constitute the classic cranial pattern of GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> although its spectrum also includes extracranial GCA with associated large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> These two entities may occur in an overlapping manner&#44; as up to 30&#37; of patients with PMR develop GCA during its clinical course<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> and half of patients with GCA may have symptoms of PMR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both PMR and GCA require an early diagnosis in order to start appropriate treatment and prevent possible complications&#46; Although a temporal artery biopsy is still considered the gold standard diagnostic method for GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> its invasive nature and the need to schedule surgery often make it unfeasible&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In recent years&#44; evidence has emerged that supports the use of imaging tests as a supplement in the clinical diagnosis of both diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In particular&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#41; combined with computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> allows for assessing articular and extra-articular structures as well as the presence of concomitant LVV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;10</span></a> Thus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET has been shown to be useful in detecting LVV in patients with PMR in whom concomitant GCA is suspected&#44; especially in those with relapses&#44; persistent acute phase reactant elevation&#44; or resistance to corticosteroid therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> However&#44; previous studies with <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with PMR have reported heterogeneous rates of LVV&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> In regard to GCA&#44; it has been described that extracranial LVV may be present in up to 50&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Patients with the extracranial phenotype may have a higher rate of disease recurrence as well as a longer duration of steroid therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In view of the above&#44; the active search for extracranial LVV using imaging techniques could be clinically useful in the approach to patients with PMR or GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> although there is no consensus on the most appropriate test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18</span></a> This systematic review aims to synthesize the currently available evidence on the prevalence of extracranial LVV detected using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with a previous diagnosis of PMR or GCA&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is reported according to the PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses&#41; guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;23</span></a> The study protocol was predefined&#44; but not prospectively registered&#46; Ethical approval and informed consent were not required&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Search strategy and study selection</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A literature review was performed in the two main biomedical databases &#40;PubMed and EMBASE&#41; to identify relevant publications on the diagnostic value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with PMR or GCA between 2018 and February 8&#44; 2023&#46; Specific search strategies were designed for each database using free and controlled terminology &#40;MESH and EMTREE&#44; respectively&#41; based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and combined using the Boolean operators &#34;AND&#47;OR&#34;&#46; The search strategy was developed by two independent reviewers&#46; The search terms used were&#58; &#34;large vessel vasculitis&#34;&#44; &#34;giant cell arteritis&#34;&#44; &#34;temporal arteritis&#34;&#44; &#34;rheumatic polymyalgia&#34;&#44; &#34;pet&#47;ct&#34;&#44; &#34;positron emission tomography&#34;&#44; and &#34;computed tomography&#34;&#46; The bibliographies of the studies identified in the search were also reviewed to locate other relevant documents&#46; Details on the search strategies are shown in the <span class="elsevierStyleBold">supplementary material &#40;Tables S1 and S2&#41;</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the database searches were identified and duplicates were eliminated&#46; Two independent reviewers examined the titles and abstracts to determine their relevance&#46; The full texts of all publications that passed the first screening were obtained to review them and determine their eligibility&#46; In case of disagreement&#44; the final decision was made through consensus&#46; Studies that met the following criteria were included&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> studies that included adult patients with a diagnosis of PMR and&#47;or GCA who underwent an LVV study using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> the reference standard used to determine the diagnostic value of the index test was clinical classification criteria or a clinical diagnosis established by the attending healthcare professional&#59; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> studies with a cross-sectional or longitudinal design on diagnostic tests&#46; Publications were excluded if they were not in English or Spanish or if they were case reports or consecutive case series with fewer than five patients&#44; conference abstracts&#44; reviews and meta-analyses&#44; as well as studies not conducted in human beings or with mixed populations or interventions &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; those combined with magnetic resonance angiography&#41; in which the results were not reported separately or those in which insufficient data were provided to calculate the proportion of patients with extracranial LVV&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data extraction</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After reading the full text of each of the selected publications&#44; two reviewers independently extracted the following data&#58; authors&#44; title and year of publication&#44; study design and location&#44; characteristics of the study population &#40;age&#44; gender&#44; diagnosis&#44; and diagnostic criteria used&#41;&#44; intervention characteristics &#40;vascular regions evaluated&#44; definition of extracranial LVV&#44; imaging test type&#44; radiotracer dose&#44; time interval to image acquisition&#44; fasting time&#44; and workstation used&#41;&#46; As for the outcome variable&#44; the absolute and relative frequency of cases with extracranial LVV identified using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was recorded&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Quality assessment</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> Given that most of the eligible studies were expected to be cross-sectional observational works&#44; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span> for this review with the assessment of five issues grouped into two dimensions&#58; &#40;1&#41; participant selection and &#40;2&#41; evaluation of the outcome <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;Table S3</span>&#41;&#46; The comparability dimension was discarded as it was not applicable in this review&#46; The reviewers gave a score of one point on each issue if the study had the expected quality for that aspect or zero points if it did not&#46; For the purposes of this work&#44; a study was considered to have a high risk of bias &#40;low quality&#41; if the total score was less than three points&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The proportion of patients with extracranial LVV was estimated for each cohort included in the review along with the 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&#46; The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> statistic and the Q test&#44; assuming relevant heterogeneity if I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#62;&#8239;50&#37; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;1 on the Q test&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Individual results were weighted by inverse variance using the Freeman-Tukey transformation&#46; The random effects model was used if there was relevant heterogeneity and the fixed effects model if there was not&#46; The individual and aggregate results were represented through a forest plot&#46; A subgroup analysis was performed in order to evaluate possible sources of heterogeneity&#44; comparing the results according to the following characteristics&#58; disease type&#44; study quality&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake criteria&#46; Differences among the different groups were evaluated using the chi-square test&#46; Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and the presence of asymmetry in the plot was assessed using Egger&#8217;s test&#46; A value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; Analyses were performed with MedCalc for Windows v22 &#40;MedCalc Software&#44; Ostend&#44; Belgium&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Search results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The selection process is summarized in the flow chart shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; The search identified a total of 268 publications &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;95 in Medline and n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;173 in Embase&#41;&#46; Of them&#44; 90 duplicate publications were excluded before screening&#46; The remaining 178 studies were reviewed individually&#46; A total of 136 were excluded because they did not meet the selection criteria&#44; most often because they were conference abstracts &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;52&#41;&#44; not original research articles &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;36&#41;&#44; or case reports &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;29&#41;&#46; The full texts of the remaining 42 articles were then reviewed and data of interest were extracted&#46; In this phase&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11 publications were excluded because the population studied did not coincide with this review&#8217;s target subjects&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11 did not include data on the outcome variable or it was not able to be assessed&#44; one publication was excluded that included a series of only three assessable cases&#44; and one article was excluded because it was written in a language &#40;Hungarian&#41; other than the accepted languages&#46; Therefore&#44; 17 studies ultimately met all the selection criteria and were included in the review&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Characteristics of the studies included</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main study characteristics are described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; The 17 articles included were published in English between 2018 and 2022&#46; The selected studies were mostly conducted in Europe &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;15&#59; 88&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#59; the most common countries were Spain &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#59; 29&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; Italy&#44; and France &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#59; 14&#46;3&#37; each&#41;&#46; The review also included two studies conducted outside of Europe&#44; specifically in the USA and Australia&#46; In regard to design&#44; although most of the studies were retrospective &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;10&#59; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; prospective studies &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;6&#59; 35&#46;3&#37;&#41; and a case series &#40;5&#46;9&#37;&#41; were also included&#46; The studies included a total of 1042 patients&#44; with sample sizes ranging from 19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> to 84 participants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Of these&#44; only subjects with a diagnosis of GCA and&#47;or PMR were selected for analysis&#44; which ultimately yielded a total of 648 patients with a range of sample sizes between 15<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> and 84&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;35</span></a> Twelve studies &#40;70&#46;6&#37;&#41; included patients diagnosed with GCA and five &#40;29&#46;4&#37;&#41; with PMR&#46; All but one study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> reported data on the age and gender distribution of the participants selected for analysis&#46; The median age was 72&#46;3 years&#44; with a range of 66&#46;7&#8211;80&#46;8 years&#46; All had a preponderance of women &#40;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; with a range of 52&#46;6&#37;&#8211;88&#46;2&#37;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The activity of the radioactive material dose injected&#44; which included both weight-based doses &#40;between 3 and 7&#8239;MBq&#47;kg&#41; and fixed doses &#40;between 100 and 370&#8239;MBq&#41;&#44; was quite heterogeneous&#46; The imaging studies covered different segments of the aorta and its branches&#44; with the most studied regions being the carotid &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;12&#59; 70&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; iliac &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;11&#44; 64&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; subclavian and axillary &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;10&#44; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; and thoracic areas &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#59; 47&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> specifies the manners of assessing <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake and the classification criteria most commonly used as a reference&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Methodological quality</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The methodological quality of the studies analyzed was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;Table S3</span>&#41;&#46; Of the five possible points&#44; the maximum score achieved was four points&#44; achieved in three studies &#40;17&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; while six articles &#40;35&#46;3&#37;&#41; obtained three points&#59; all of them were considered to have a low risk of bias&#46; Eight publications &#40;47&#46;1&#37;&#41; were considered have a high risk of bias&#44; scoring less than three points&#58; four scored two points and four scored one point&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Table S4</span> summarizes the quality assessment of the studies included in the meta-analysis according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Extracranial vascular involvement measured using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Based on the data of the 17 studies included in the meta-analysis&#44; the total combined prevalence of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR or GCA observed via <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was estimated&#46; The random-effects model was used due to the presence of relevant heterogeneity among the studies &#40;I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;89&#46;3&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 84&#46;5&#37;&#8211;92&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;0&#46;001&#41;&#46; The meta-analysis&#44; which can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#44; showed a total combined prevalence of extracranial LVV according to <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT of 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Subgroup analysis</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results of the prespecified subgroup analysis&#46; In regard to disease type&#44; the combined rate of extracranial LVV in patients with GCA &#40;60&#46;1&#37; &#91;95&#37;CI&#58; 44&#46;2&#37;&#8211;74&#46;9&#37;&#93;&#41; was significantly higher than in patients with PMR &#40;41&#46;8&#37; &#91;95&#37;CI&#58; 26&#46;7&#37;&#8211;57&#46;8&#37;&#93;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;006&#41;&#46; On analyzing the studies grouped according to the quality as assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale&#44; it was observed that in the group of studies with low risk of bias&#44; the rate of extracranial LVV &#40;61&#46;1&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 41&#46;0&#37;&#8211;79&#46;5&#37;&#93;&#41; was higher than the group of studies at high risk of bias &#40;46&#46;9&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 35&#46;7&#37;&#8211;58&#46;3&#37;&#93;&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;010&#41;&#46; However&#44; no significant differences were observed in regard to the uptake criterion used in the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Publication bias</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The possibility of publication bias was examined using a funnel plot&#46; The results of the individual studies were symmetrically distributed around the overall estimate&#44; which is indicative of an absence of bias <span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; Additionally&#44; the asymmetry in the graph was evaluated using Egger&#8217;s test &#40;Intersection&#58; &#8722;0&#46;1151 &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; &#8722;6&#46;2158 to 5&#46;9856&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;969&#41;&#44; which confirmed the absence of bias&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Discussion</span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Main outcomes</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is the first systematic review with meta-analysis on the role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT in the detection of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR or GCA&#46; The meta-analysis showed that in these patients&#44; the prevalence of extracranial LVV measured by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT was 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; The subgroup analysis showed that in patients with a previous diagnosis of GCA&#44; the rate of extracranial LVV was 60&#46;1&#37; whereas it was 41&#46;8&#37; in those with PMR&#46; Therefore&#44; these results show a high prevalence of extracranial LVV involvement in both inflammatory processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;43&#44;44</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Heterogeneity in the literature</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The studies included showed notable differences in terms of technical aspects and the interpretation of images obtained using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#44; such as the dose administered&#44; the time interval between radiotracer injection and image acquisition&#44; and the scanning systems and reconstruction algorithms used&#46; These contributed to a marked heterogeneity&#44; which limits the applicability of the results&#46; In addition&#44; variations were observed among the studies in regard to the criteria used to interpret LVV images due to the lack of an international consensus in this regard&#46; Most of the studies employed visual analysis methods for radiotracer uptake patterns in the arterial walls and&#47;or use of a visual uptake scoring system&#44; with some using semiquantitative criteria &#40;SUV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">max</span>&#41; and others not&#46; Some authors visually scored different arterial regions and combined them into a composite uptake scale &#40;such as the PET vascular activity score &#40;PETVAS&#41;&#44; for example&#41;&#44; with significant differences in scan coverage and arterial regions examined among the studies&#46; Likewise&#44; the increases observed in blood and liver absorption of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG in subjects with kidney failure and high-dose corticosteroid treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> respectively&#44; call into question what the most reliable reference standard for monitoring LVV is&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> This heterogeneity could also be explained by the clinical characteristics of the patients with PMR or GCA included&#44; given that the diagnostic criteria differed widely among the studies analyzed&#46; Finally&#44; there is some implicit variability in the design of the studies included regarding the timing of the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan during the disease&#8217;s course&#44; with the consequent potential impact on the results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47&#44;48</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Strengths and limitations</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results synthesize the available evidence on the usefulness of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG-PET&#47;CT in the detection of extracranial arterial involvement in PMR and GCA&#44; which may contribute to the design of future diagnostic strategies for these diseases&#46; However&#44; there are some limitations that must be addressed&#46; The sample sizes of the studies included in the review was relatively small&#44; with a maximum number of 84 patients&#46; It should also be noted that two distinct diseases&#44; PMR and GCA&#44; have been grouped together in this study&#44; although they may overlap from a clinical point of view&#46; Therefore&#44; in addition to the overall results&#44; a subgroup analysis was performed in which the results were evaluated separately&#46; In some studies&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan results were complemented with other parameters that measure disease activity&#46; This could have led to an overestimation of the test&#8217;s ability to assess the activity of both diseases&#46; Furthermore&#44; since there is no standard test for the diagnosis of LVV involvement in patients with PMR and GCA&#44; clinical classification criteria such as those from the ACR&#44; EULAR&#44; Chuang&#44; and Bird were used as a reference&#44; although the ability of these criteria to assess disease activity is unknown&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;41</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; patients with GCA and LVV meet the ACR criteria less frequently and often requiring imaging tests for diagnostic confirmation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#8211;44</span></a> Another limitation to consider was the heterogeneity in the quality of the studies analyzed&#8212;the influence of which on this review&#8217;s results was addressed in the subgroup analysis&#8212;with a higher rate of extracranial LVV observed in high quality studies&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite these considerations&#44; our results are in line with those of other recent studies&#46; A systematic review published in 2021<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> analyzed 21 studies with the aim of summarizing the current evidence on the value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT for treatment monitoring in patients with LVV&#46; The authors of that work concluded that this test has moderate diagnostic accuracy for detecting active LVV and aiding in therapeutic decision-making&#44; although the findings should be contextualized according to clinical suspicion of disease activity&#46; The same authors in another systematic review with a meta-analysis on the evidence of the diagnostic value of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in PMR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> concluded that the combination of significant <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake patterns in various anatomical sites provides diagnostic information and may be a useful tool when PMR is suspected&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The marked heterogeneity observed in clinical aspects and in the acquisition and interpretation procedures of the <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT images means that the results of this test must be interpreted in the context of other clinical and biochemical findings&#46; On the other hand&#44; it should be noted that no differences were found in this work in the evaluation of SUV uptake according to the liver uptake criterion&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Future research</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Further studies are needed in order to clearly establish the role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in the diagnosis of extracranial arterial involvement in patients with PMR and GCA&#46; There are currently no clear&#44; agreed-upon guidelines on <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT imaging in these patients with suspected LVV&#46; This work highlights the need for large prospective studies to elucidate which patient profile and technical parameters &#40;activity of dose administered&#44; time interval between radiotracer injection and image acquisition&#44; device type&#44; and image reconstruction algorithms&#41; are optimal for the diagnosis of extracranial LVV in patients with PMR and GCA&#46; Furthermore&#44; the practical implications of subclinical large vessel inflammation in patients with PMR and GCA have not been sufficiently clarified&#59; further studies are needed to determine whether the findings on <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT have prognostic or therapeutic implications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Clinical implications</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although ultrasound is the diagnostic test of choice in patients with suspected predominantly cranial GCA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> this work indicates that <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT can provide useful results for the diagnosis of extracranial LVV&#46; However&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT has several disadvantages&#44; including a high cost&#44; radiation exposure&#44; and the need for professionals with a high level of expertise and immediate availability&#46; In turn&#44; it can detect inflammatory activity throughout the body and allows for a comprehensive evaluation of all significant extracranial large arteries in a single scan&#44; which are significant advantages over other imaging tests such as localized magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a> In addition&#44; the development of new <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT camera systems with greater resolution will make it possible to evaluate other structures that up until now have been less accessible&#44; such as the temporal arteries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> Its high diagnostic accuracy in areas of greater arterial involvement in patients with GCA &#40;cranial and large supra-aortic vessels&#41; and its ability to rule out alternative diagnoses&#44; such as neoplasms and infectious diseases&#44; are other advantages associated with its use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48&#44;50</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with PMR and a possible diagnosis of concomitant GCA&#44; an <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT scan may be useful for determining extracranial LVV and thus modifying the treatment regimen accordingly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> On the other hand&#44; the presence of LVV in the aortic area may be a risk factor for aneurysm rupture or aortic dissection&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> Therefore&#44; it seems reasonable to know about this complication in advance in order to improve control of the patient&#8217;s inflammatory disease&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This review found a prevalence of extracranial LVV of 54&#46;5&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#41; in patients with GCA and&#47;or PMR detected by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46; This involvement is more common in patients with GCA and may vary depending on study quality&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Funding</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work has been possible thanks to the support of <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">the Sociedad de Medicina Interna de Madrid y Castilla La Mancha &#40;SOMIMACA&#41;</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a has given lectures and provided consulting services for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MFF declares no conflicts of interest&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gonzalo Serralta has given lectures for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Borja de Miguel Campo has given lectures for ROCHE&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Noblejas Mozo has done consulting work for GSK&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda has done consulting work for ROCHE&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Authorship</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuscript conception and design&#58; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#44; Martin Fabregate&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data collection&#46; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis and interpretation&#46; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; Martin Fabregate&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Drafting&#44; revision&#44; and approval of the submitted manuscript&#58; Andr&#233;s Gonz&#225;lez Garc&#237;a&#44; Martin Fabregate&#44; Gonzalo Serralta&#44; Borja de Miguel Campo&#44; Ana Noblejas Mozo&#44; &#193;ngel Robles-Marhuenda&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review of current evidence to analyze the prevalence of extracranial large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41; using <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica &#40;PMR&#41; or giant cell arteritis &#40;GCA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PubMed and EMBASE were searched and the results were screened by two reviewers&#46; Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale&#46; Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> statistic and the Q test&#46; Further subgroup analyses were performed by disease type&#44; study quality&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake criteria&#46; Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger&#39;s test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">268 publications were identified&#44; of which 17 met the selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis&#46; The overall pooled prevalence of extracranial LVV by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT was 54&#46;5&#37; &#91;95&#37; CI&#58; 42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#93;&#46; In patients with GCA the prevalence was significantly higher than in patients with PMR &#40;60&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 41&#46;8&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;006&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; studies with a lower risk of bias reported a higher prevalence of extracranial LVV &#40;61&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 46&#46;9&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;010&#41;&#46; No publication bias was observed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT test may be useful in the detection of extracranial LVV&#44; both in patients with PMR or GCA&#46; Such involvement is more frequent in patients with GCA&#44; and may vary depending on the quality of the studies&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de la evidencia actual para analizar la prevalencia de vasculitis de gran vaso &#40;VGV&#41; extracraneal detectada mediante <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC en pacientes con polimialgia reum&#225;tica &#40;PMR&#41; o arteritis de c&#233;lulas grandes &#40;ACG&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realizaron b&#250;squedas en PubMed y EMBASE en febrero de 2023&#44; y los resultados fueron examinados por dos revisores&#46; La calidad de los estudios fue evaluada con la escala Newcastle-Ottawa modificada&#46; La heterogeneidad se evalu&#243; mediante I2 y la prueba Q&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el modelo de efectos aleatorios en presencia de heterogeneidad relevante&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de subgrupos comparando los resultados por tipo de enfermedad&#44; calidad de los estudios y criterio de captaci&#243;n&#46; El sesgo de publicaci&#243;n fue evaluado mediante el gr&#225;fico de embudo &#40;funnel plot&#41; y la prueba de Egger&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se identificaron 268 publicaciones&#44; de las cuales 17 cumplieron los criterios de selecci&#243;n y fueron incluidas en el metaan&#225;lisis&#46; La prevalencia combinada total de VGV extracraneal por<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC fue de 54&#44;5&#37; &#91;IC 95&#37;&#58; 42&#44;6&#37; a 66&#44;1&#37;&#93;&#46; En ACG la prevalencia fue significativamente m&#225;s elevada que en PMR &#40;60&#44;1&#37; vs&#46; 41&#44;8&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;006&#41;&#46; A su vez&#44; los estudios con menor riesgo de sesgo presentaron mayor prevalencia de VGV extracraneal &#40;61&#44;1&#37; vs&#46; 46&#44;9&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;010&#41;&#46; No se observ&#243; sesgo de publicaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio con <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;TC puede ser &#250;til en la detecci&#243;n de VGV extracraneal&#44; tanto en pacientes con PMR como con ACG&#46; Dicha afectaci&#243;n es m&#225;s frecuente en ACG&#44; y puede variar en funci&#243;n de la calidad de los estudios&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following is Supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0125"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:6 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 4122
            "Ancho" => 3175
            "Tamanyo" => 879986
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart that shows the strategy followed to identify studies included in the meta-analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1730
            "Ancho" => 3175
            "Tamanyo" => 430694
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forest plot showing the proportion of patients with GCA and PMR who have extracranial large vessel vasculitis &#40;LVV&#41; detected by <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1105
            "Ancho" => 1508
            "Tamanyo" => 52921
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0015"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Funnel plot of the studies included in the meta-analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NR&#58; not reported&#59; ACR&#58; American College of Rheumatology&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Author&#44; year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Design&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total study population&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">number of patients included in the review &#40;PMR&#47;GCA&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Age &#40;years&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sex &#40;&#37; women&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Criteria for the diagnosis of PMR&#47;GCA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definition of positive test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Extracranial vascular regions evaluated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ar&#233;valo Ruales K&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;23&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chuang criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linear distribution with uptake intensity equal to or greater than that of the liver parenchyma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; thoracic&#44; or abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bellan&#44; M&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;0&#47;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic uptake greater than or equal to that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ascending and descending thoracic&#44; abdominal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Camellino D&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;84&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bird Criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Colaci M&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Italy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;17&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake by large vessels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; femoral&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; and carotid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grayson PC&#44; 2018<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">USA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;0&#47;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PETVAS&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; innominate&#44; carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hay B&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;0&#47;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thoracic&#44; abdominal&#44; innominate&#44; carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Imfeld S&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Switzerland</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;0&#47;68&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64&#46;7</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria or at least 2 of the 5 ACR criteria combined with ultrasound findings typical of vasculitis according to the OMERACT definition</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic region&#58;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; proximal arteries of the arm&#44; aortic&#44; iliac&#44; and common femoral arteries</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular SUV&#47;Mean hepatic SUV&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aorta and iliac-femoral regions&#58;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular SUV&#47;Mean hepatic SUV&#8239;&#61;&#8239;1&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Malich L&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Germany&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;0&#47;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#62;&#8239;liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Brachiocephalic trunk&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; common carotid&#44; common iliac&#44; and femoral arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mestre-Torres J&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;0&#47;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 3 qualification &#40;uptake higher than that of the liver&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vertebral&#44; brachiocephalic trunk&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; common carotid&#44; common iliac&#44; and femoral arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mestre-Torres&#44; J&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;0&#47;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">80&#46;8<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">One or more territories with grade 3 uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Molina-Collada&#44; J&#59; 2023<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">113&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;0&#47;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Uptake&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#44; carotid&#44; axillary&#44; iliac&#44; and femoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nielsen BD&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Denmark&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;0&#47;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Modified 1990 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Segmental and homogeneous <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake in the aorta and&#47;or large supra-aortic vessels greater than liver uptake &#40;grade 3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic&#44; subclavian&#47;axillary&#44; carotid&#44; and ileofemoral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pean de Ponfilly-Sotier M&#44; 2022<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;35&#47;6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;2012 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG uptake greater than that of surrounding tissues and not associated with physiological uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aortic and its main branches&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prieto-Pena&#44; D&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Spain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84 &#40;84&#47;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2008 EULAR&#47;2012 ACR criteria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Linear uptake pattern in the wall of the aorta and its branches with an intensity similar to or greater than that of the liver&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic trunks&#44; thoracic aorta&#44; abdominal aorta&#44; iliac and femoral&#47;tibioperoneal arteries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sammel AM&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Australia</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;0&#47;21&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NA</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACR 1990 criteria</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 1&#58; Minimal uptake&#47;increase doubtful&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; brachiocephalic&#44; and aorta</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 2&#58; Moderate uptake&#47;clearly increased&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead rowgroup " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sebastian A&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">United Kingdom</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;0&#47;22&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72&#46;1</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;6</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adapted criteria&#58; clinical&#44; laboratory&#44; and imaging test findings with a confirmatory imaging test or temporal artery biopsy</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 1&#58; Uptake less than liver uptake&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Supra-aortic trunks&#44; thoracic aorta&#44; abdominal aorta&#44; iliac and femoral&#47;tibioperoneal arteries</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 2&#58; Uptake equal to liver uptake&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Grade 3&#58; Uptake greater than liver uptake&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Thibault&#44; T&#44; 2023<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">France&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retrospective&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;0&#47;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">79<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2021 ACR Recommendations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">At least one arterial segment had grade 2 hypermetabolism &#40;similar to that of the liver&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid&#44; subclavian&#44; axillary&#44; brachiocephalic&#44; and aorta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t">Overall&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;5&#37; &#91;42&#46;6&#37;&#8211;66&#46;1&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">352&#47;648&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Type of disease</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GCA &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;12&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;90&#46;6&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#46;1&#37; &#91;44&#46;2&#37;&#8211;74&#46;9&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">237&#47;405&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;006</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PMR &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;82&#46;8&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;8&#37; &#91;26&#46;7&#37;&#8211;57&#46;8&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">115&#47;243&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Quality</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Low risk of bias &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;9&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;93&#46;0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">61&#46;1&#37; &#91;41&#46;0&#37;&#8211;79&#46;5&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">200&#47;338&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;010</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>High risk of bias &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46&#46;9&#37; &#91;35&#46;7&#37;&#8211;58&#46;3&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">152&#47;310&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET&#47;CT uptake criteria</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Greater than the liver &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;8&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;94&#46;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">55&#46;2&#37; &#91;32&#46;6&#37;&#8211;76&#46;7&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">185&#47;340&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;519</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Greater than or equal to liver or surrounding regions &#40;n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;9&#41; I<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;56&#46;9&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;9&#37; &#91;44&#46;9&#37;&#8211;62&#46;8&#37;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">167&#47;308&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                            3 => "J&#46;A&#46; Miranda-Filloy"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "The spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Spain&#58; incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10 year study"
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