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women have been scarcely represented in most clinical trials on HF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> constituting less than 25&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> of the population in most of these studies&#46; HF in women has demonstrated a series of differences in terms of its epidemiology&#44; etiology&#44; pathophysiology and symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;8&#8211;11</span></a> Other aspects of HF in women such as the therapeutic and prognostic management have been studied less&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a> Therefore&#44; the aim of this study was to analyze the differential clinical characteristics of women hospitalized for HF compared with men in terms of etiology&#44; comorbidity&#44; triggers&#44; drug treatment&#44; hospital stay and overall mortality at 1 year&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and method</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient data were collected from the National Heart Failure Registry &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Registro Nacional de Insuficiencia Cardiaca</span>&#44; RICA&#41; created by the Heart Failure Workgroup of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna</span>&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> RICA is a multicenter cohort study that prospectively included patients from 52 public and private hospitals in Spain&#46; This study included patients older than 50 years who were hospitalized for decompensated HF in internal medicine departments&#44; discharged and followed-up for at least 1 year&#46; The characteristics of the registry have been previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> This project was approved by the Ethics Committee of University Hospital Reina Sofia of Cordoba&#46; The data were collected anonymously through the website &#40;<a href="http://www.registrorica.org/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;registrorica&#46;org</a>&#41;&#44; ensuring patient confidentiality&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time the patients&#8217; data were included in the registry&#44; the following variables were recorded&#58; demographic characteristics and medical history&#44; including arterial hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; myocardial infarction&#44; atrial fibrillation &#40;AF&#41;&#44; hyperlipidemia&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44; neoplasia&#44; peripheral arterial disease&#44; stroke&#44; Charlson comorbidity index&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> degree of functional capacity previously assessed by the Barthel index&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> mental state assessed by the Pfeiffer test<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and body mass index&#46; In terms of HF&#44; the registry included the etiology of the heart disease&#44; triggers&#44; New York Heart Association &#40;NYHA&#41; functional class&#44; classification of HF as initial presentation or chronic decompensated&#44; left ventricular ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41; echocardiographic assessment&#44; cardiac rhythm in electrocardiogram&#44; previous history of AF&#44; blood pressure readings and heart rate&#46; Hemoglobin and creatinine levels were also recorded&#46; The glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the MDRD-4 formula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The presence of renal failure was considered when the glomerular filtration rate calculated using this formula was &#60;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46; The presence of anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria &#40;hemoglobin levels &#62;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in men or &#62;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in women&#41;&#46; The presence of preserved LVEF was considered when the ejection fraction was &#60;50&#37; and met the criteria indicated in the European HF Guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The treatment prescribed at discharge was recorded&#44; which included beta-blockers&#44; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors &#40;ACEIs&#41;&#44; angiotensin II receptor blockers &#40;ARB&#41;&#44; aldosterone antagonists and diuretics&#44; as well as the length of stay of the first admission and all-cause mortality at 1 year&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A descriptive analysis was conducted using mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables and percentages for the categorical variables&#46; We analyzed the differences between the sexes in terms of the characteristics of the heart disease&#44; comorbidity&#44; functional state&#44; mental condition&#44; triggers&#44; treatment&#44; length of stay and mortality at 1 year&#46; To compare categorical variables&#44; we employed the chi-squared and Fisher&#39;s exact test&#46; To compare quantitative variables&#44; we employed Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test and the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test according to whether the variables followed a normal distribution&#46; The normality of the variables was assessed with the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test&#46; We analyzed the prognostic value of sex adjusted for age and other prognostic factors&#46; We conducted a multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazards regression&#44; which included variables that were significantly related in the univariate analysis to mortality and other variables considered to have prognostic value&#44; regardless of their statistical association &#40;age&#44; NYHA functional class&#44; renal function&#44; anemia&#44; obesity&#44; hyponatremia&#44; LVEF&#44; use of ACEIs&#44; ARBs or beta-blockers and functional capacity as assessed using the Barthel index&#41;&#46; Differences with a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value &#60;&#46;05 were considered significant&#46; The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program &#40;version 15&#46;0&#44; SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study included 1772 patients &#40;mean age&#44; 78 years &#91;SD&#44; 8&#46;7&#93;&#58; 836 men &#91;47&#46;2&#37;&#93; and 936 women &#91;52&#46;8&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the baseline characteristics of all patients and their distribution by sex&#46; The women had a significantly greater mean age than the men &#40;79&#46;3 vs&#46; 76&#46;6 years&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; a higher prevalence of hypertension &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; obesity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and chronic kidney disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; The men had a higher frequency of a history of myocardial infarction &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; peripheral arteriopathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and anemia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; and a higher score on the Charlson comorbidity index &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; The women had poorer functional capacity as assessed with the Barthel index &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and poorer mental condition according to the Pfeiffer test &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common heart disease etiology in the women was hypertension &#40;45&#46;3&#37; vs&#46; 28&#46;1&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; followed by valvular &#40;22&#46;6&#37; vs&#46; 13&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; while ischemia was the most common in the men &#40;37&#46;1&#37;&#44; vs&#46; 19&#46;9&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; None of the women were diagnosed with alcohol-induced dilated cardiomyopathy&#46; The women predominantly had HF with preserved ejection fraction &#40;HFpEF&#41;&#44; in contrast to the men &#40;69&#46;2&#37; vs&#46; 44&#46;6&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; The prevalence of AF was significantly higher in the women than in the men &#40;56&#46;2&#37; vs&#46; 47&#46;6&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the women&#44; systolic blood pressure &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and heart rate &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;002&#41; were higher&#44; and their NYHA functional class was poorer &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;002&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences were also observed in the triggers of the HF episode&#46; For the women&#44; AF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41; and hypertensive seizures &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;039&#41; were predominant&#44; while therapeutic noncompliance and dietary transgression were the main triggers for men &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;044&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overall mortality at 1 year was 27&#37;&#44; with no significant differences in terms of sex &#40;28&#46;6&#37; in men and 25&#46;6&#37; in women&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;16&#41;&#46; However&#44; after adjusting for age&#44; the female sex was associated with lower mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;01&#41;&#46; After performing a multivariate analysis&#44; we observed that the lower mortality in women remained after adjusting for other known prognostic factors&#44; which included &#40;in addition to age&#41; the presence of anemia&#44; renal failure&#44; hyponatremia&#44; obesity&#44; systolic blood pressure&#44; NYHA functional class and treatment with beta-blockers&#44; ACEIs or ARBs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The mean stay did not differ by sex &#40;10&#46;1 days for men vs&#46; 9&#46;4 for women&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;16&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of treatment&#44; the women were administered ARBs more frequently than the men &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and ACEIs less frequently &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#59; however&#44; the combined use of ACEIs and ARBs did not differ according to sex &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;83&#41;&#46; There were also no differences between sexes in the use of beta-blockers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;24&#41;&#46; The overall prescription of diuretics was similar&#44; although aldosterone antagonist diuretics were used more frequently in men &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46; When considering only those patients with systolic dysfunction &#40;LVEF<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&#41;&#44; the results were similar&#44; with the women using ACEIs &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;017&#41; and aldosterone antagonist diuretics &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;013&#41; less frequently and a tendency toward an increased use of ARBs &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;052&#41;&#46; However&#44; there were no differences in the combined use of ACEIs and ARBs &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;34&#41; and beta-blockers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;24&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is representative of patients admitted for HF to the departments of internal medicine&#46; The data this study provides come from hospitals throughout Spain and from various healthcare levels and show an elderly population with differential characteristics according to sex&#46; The women were older than the men and had a higher prevalence of hypertension&#44; obesity&#44; chronic kidney disease&#44; atrial fibrillation and HFpEF and lower mortality after adjusting for other prognostic factors&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The specific characteristics of HF in women have been seldom studied&#46; Women have been under-represented in clinical trials&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> despite the fact that in real life half of all hospitalizations for HF are for this population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;6&#44;12</span></a> This might be due in part to the fact that HF occurs in women at a later age than in men&#44; both in the outpatient and hospital settings&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4&#44;10&#44;12&#44;19</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of the comorbidity of patients with HF&#44; differences between the sexes have been reported&#46; As has been reported in the literature&#44; women have a lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease and COPD<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4&#44;10&#44;11&#44;19</span></a> and a higher frequency of hypertension&#46; There is almost unanimous agreement in the various series on the higher prevalence of hypertension in women&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;9&#8211;12&#44;19</span></a> with higher systolic blood pressure readings&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;9&#44;10&#44;12&#44;19</span></a> as was observed in our study&#46; A greater risk of developing HF has been observed with arterial hypertension in women than in men&#46; Levy et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> observed that the risk of developing HF in patients with hypertension compared with patients with normal blood pressure was almost 2 fold in men and 3 fold in women&#44; adjusting for age and other factors&#46; In fact&#44; the etiology of HF in women is predominantly hypertensive and valvular&#44; as has been mentioned previously&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> while the ischemic etiology predominates in men&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;10&#44;11&#44;19</span></a> findings that were also observed in our study&#46; Moreover&#44; in our study&#44; obesity was more common in the women&#44; as has been reported in the literature&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;19</span></a> although not unanimously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;12</span></a> In terms of the prevalence of diabetes&#44; we observed no differences according to sex&#44; which was similar to that observed in the ADHERE registry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> However&#44; the literature has reported varying results&#44; with a higher prevalence of diabetes among women in a number of series<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;19</span></a> and a lower prevalence in others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> We also observed no differences in the prevalence of dyslipidemia according to sex&#44; unlike other studies that have indicated a lower frequency among women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;19</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of anemia&#44; the prevalence was lower in the population of women in our registry&#44; which is similar to that observed in the ADHERE study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> although other studies have provided different results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#44;12&#44;19</span></a> In contrast to other studies&#44; our study found that renal failure was more common among the women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;10&#8211;12</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An issue worth considering that could explain the different prevalence of comorbidities in the various studies is the patients&#8217; origins&#46; Differences have been described in the comorbidity profile among patients hospitalized in the departments of internal medicine and cardiology&#46; Patients who are admitted to departments of internal medicine are more frequently women and are older&#44; with less ischemic heart disease and a higher prevalence of diabetes&#44; renal failure&#44; anemia and respiratory disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a> Our results are similar to those reported in the ADHERE registry&#44; which includes a very large sample of patients with HF representative of the actual situation in the United States&#46; Other series have included patients only &#40;or mostly&#41; from cardiology departments&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;19&#44;23</span></a> which could explain some of the published differences&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The women in our population were in a more advanced clinical situation&#44; with poorer NYHA functional class&#44; as has been described in other series&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;19&#44;23</span></a> with a higher frequency of previous HF and a higher proportion of AF&#46; Although AF in the general population is more common in men&#44; there are numerous studies that show a predominance of AF among women with HF&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;19&#44;23</span></a> although not unanimously&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HFpEF was predominant among the women&#44; which is similar to what was described above&#44; a finding that is almost unanimous among the various series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;9&#8211;11&#44;19&#44;23</span></a> The prevalence of HFpEF is increasing&#44; given that its prevalence increases with age and is a disease that mainly affects elderly women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> With the increased life expectancy&#44; women represent a greater proportion of elderly patients&#44; which entails an increase in the prevalence of HFpEF&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ability to perform basic activities of daily life&#44; as assessed by scales such as the Barthel index&#44; is an issue that has not been widely recorded in the large American &#40;ADHERE&#44; GWTG-HF&#44; Optimize-HF&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;12</span></a> and European &#40;EHFSII&#41; HF registries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> However&#44; in recent years&#44; the importance of the functional state as a prognostic factor for patients with HF is being noted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#8211;27</span></a> The women in our study had a poorer functional state than the men&#46; Nevertheless&#44; we must consider that the women were older&#44; which could affect the greater degree of disability observed&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of the possible triggers for the HF episode&#44; the top cause was respiratory infection in both sexes&#46; However&#44; AF was more common among the women&#44; as has been reported by other authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> as were hypertensive seizures&#44; conditions that predominate in women&#46; Although a number of studies have observed no differences in therapeutic noncompliance among the sexes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> as described in the American registry GWTG-HF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> and in the European registry EHFS-II&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> our series observed a predominance of therapeutic noncompliance among men&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean stay did not differ by sex&#44; as has been recorded in other large registries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5&#44;10&#44;11&#44;19</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The crude mortality at 1 year was greater in men than in women&#44; although the differences were not significant&#46; However&#44; after adjusting for age&#44; the differences were statistically significant and remained significant after including other prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis&#46; One of the most debated issues in the literature is whether women have a better prognosis than men&#46; Numerous studies&#44; especially clinical trials&#44; have observed that women have better prognoses&#44; as shown by the Meta-Analysis Global Group In Chronic Heart Failure&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> which included 41&#44;949 patients from 31 studies&#46; However&#44; other authors have observed no differences in mortality between the two sexes adjusted for age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11&#44;28</span></a> The lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease has been suggested as a protective factor in women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In terms of treatment&#44; previous studies have shown a lower use by women of the treatments recommended by clinical practice guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> The RICA registry has shown a lower use of ACEIs and a greater use of ARBs by women than by men&#46; Several studies have reported the greater use of ACEIs by men&#44; which is similar to our results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5&#44;19</span></a> The possible reduced efficacy of ACEIs in women with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;30</span></a> might be a factor in the lower prescription of this drug&#44; which in our series tended to be compensated by an increased use of ARBs&#46; The data in the literature on the use of ARBs according to sex are more variable&#46; A number of studies have reported&#44; as has ours&#44; a greater use of ARBs by women<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a> &#40;ADHERE and GWTG-HF&#41;&#44; other studies report lower use&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> while still others show no differences in their use according to sex&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beta-blockers have been reported to have lower usage by women&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;12</span></a> However&#44; our series cannot confirm these differences according to sex&#46; As with other authors&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a> we observed a tendency toward increased use of beta-blockers&#44; as shown in a recent study performed with patients of the RICA registry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study had a number of limitations&#46; Patients who died during hospitalization were not included in the registry&#46; Second&#44; the participation of hospitals in the enrollment of patients was voluntary&#44; which can represent a certain selection bias&#46; However&#44; 52 hospitals from all communities in Spain participated in the RICA registry&#46; The population characteristics of this registry agree with the data previously obtained in the SEMIC-IC study performed in the departments of internal medicine in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Another limitation is that the number of patients with resynchronization pacemakers or implantable automatic defibrillators was not recorded&#44; although the number of patients with these devices is very low and probably has no effect on the final results&#46; One of the study&#39;s strengths is that it analyzed a population with HF in the real world&#44; with a population of elderly predominantly female patients with comorbidity&#44; who show differences compared with men in terms of age&#44; comorbidity&#44; functional state and prognosis&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; in this extensive sample of patients from real life&#44; the existence of sex-related differences among patients hospitalized for HF has been demonstrated&#46; Thus&#44; HF in women occurs at a later age&#44; the most common etiology is hypertensive and valvular&#44; preserved LVEF is predominant&#44; and these patients have worse functional states&#44; different comorbidity profiles and triggers and lower age-adjusted mortality&#46; Knowing these characteristics is important for the decision-making process in this population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "identificador" => "xres563519"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "History and objectives"
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              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
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              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec580061"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres563518"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
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              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec580062"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Background"
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        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and method"
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          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
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          "identificador" => "sec0020"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-01-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-02-14"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec580061"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Heart failure"
            1 => "Gender"
            2 => "Sex"
            3 => "Comorbidity"
            4 => "Treatment"
            5 => "Prognosis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec580062"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Insuficiencia cardiaca"
            1 => "G&#233;nero"
            2 => "Sexo"
            3 => "Comorbilidad"
            4 => "Tratamiento"
            5 => "Pron&#243;stico"
          ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">History and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the differential clinical characteristics according to gender of patients with heart failure in terms of etiology&#44; comorbidity&#44; triggers&#44; treatment&#44; hospital stay and overall mortality at 1 year&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We employed data from the RICA registry&#44; a multicenter prospective cohort of patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments for heart failure&#44; with a follow-up of 1 year&#46; We analyzed the differences between the genders in terms of the etiology of the heart disease&#44; comorbidity&#44; triggers&#44; left ventricle ejection fraction&#44; functional state&#44; mental condition&#44; treatment&#44; length of stay and mortality at 1 year&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1772 patients &#40;47&#46;2&#37; men&#41; were included&#46; The women were older than the men &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and had a higher prevalence of hypertension&#44; obesity&#44; chronic kidney disease&#44; atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricle ejection fraction &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; The men&#39;s medical history had a predominance of myocardial infarction&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#44; peripheral arteriopathy &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; and anemia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;02&#41;&#46; In the women&#44; a hypertensive etiology was predominant&#44; followed by valvular&#46; The main triggers were hypertension and atrial fibrillation&#46; Treatment with beta-blockers&#44; ACEIs and&#47;or ARBs did not differ by sex&#46; The women had poorer functional capacity &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#44; according to the Barthel index&#46; After adjusting for age and other prognostic factors&#44; the mortality at 1 year was lower among the women &#40;RR&#58; 0&#46;69&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;53&#8211;0&#46;89&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;004&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">HF in women occurs at a later age and with different comorbidities&#46; The hypertensive and valvular etiology is predominant&#44; with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction&#44; and the age-adjusted mortality is lower than in men&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "History and objectives"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Patients and method"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas diferenciales en funci&#243;n del sexo en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca &#40;IC&#41; en cuanto a etiolog&#237;a&#44; comorbilidad&#44; desencadenantes&#44; tratamiento&#44; estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad global al a&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se utilizaron los datos del registro RICA&#44; cohorte prospectiva multic&#233;ntrica de pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de Medicina Interna por IC con seguimiento de un a&#241;o&#46; Se analizaron las diferencias de g&#233;nero en cuanto a la etiolog&#237;a de la cardiopat&#237;a&#44; comorbilidad&#44; factor desencadenante&#44; fracci&#243;n de eyecci&#243;n de ventr&#237;culo izquierdo&#44; situaci&#243;n funcional&#44; estado mental&#44; tratamiento&#44; estancia y mortalidad al a&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 1772 pacientes &#40;47&#44;2&#37; varones&#41;&#46; Las mujeres eran mayores que los varones &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; ten&#237;an mayor prevalencia de hipertensi&#243;n&#44; obesidad&#44; enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular y fracci&#243;n de eyecci&#243;n de ventr&#237;culo izquierdo preservada &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Entre los varones predominaban los antecedentes de infarto de miocardio&#44; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#44; arteriopat&#237;a perif&#233;rica &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y anemia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#41;&#46; En las mujeres predomin&#243; la etiolog&#237;a hipertensiva&#44; seguida de la valvular&#46; Los principales desencadenantes fueron la hipertensi&#243;n y fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&#46; El tratamiento con beta-bloqueantes&#44; IECA y&#47;o ARA II no difiri&#243; en funci&#243;n del sexo&#46; Las mujeres ten&#237;an peor capacidad funcional &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; seg&#250;n el &#237;ndice de Barthel&#46; Tras ajustar por edad y otros factores pron&#243;sticos&#44; la mortalidad al a&#241;o fue menor entre las mujeres RR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;69 &#40;IC 95&#37; 0&#44;53&#8211;0&#44;89&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;004&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La IC en la mujer se presenta a edad m&#225;s avanzada y con diferente comorbilidad&#46; Predomina la etiolog&#237;a hipertensiva y valvular&#44; con fracci&#243;n de eyecci&#243;n de ventr&#237;culo izquierdo preservada&#44; y la mortalidad ajustada por la edad es menor que en el var&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivos"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as&#58; Conde-Martel A&#44; Arkuch ME&#44; Formiga F&#44; Manzano-Espinosa L&#44; Aramburu-Bodas O&#44; Gonz&#225;lez-Franco &#193;&#44; et al&#46; Diferencias en funci&#243;n del sexo en el perfil cl&#237;nico y pron&#243;stico de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca&#46; Resultados del Registro RICA&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2015&#59;215&#58;363&#8211;370&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Anarte L&#44; Aramburu O&#44; Ar&#233;valo-Lorido JC&#44; Arkuch E&#44; Armengou A&#44; Bas F&#44; Carrera M&#44; Cerqueiro JM&#44; Conde A&#44; D&#225;vila MF&#44; D&#237;ez J&#44; Epelde F&#44; Formiga F&#44; Franco J&#44; Gallego J&#44; Gonz&#225;lez A&#44; Guisado ME&#44; Herrero A&#44; Llacer P&#44; L&#243;pez G&#44; Manzano L&#44; Montero M&#44; Muela A&#44; Murado I&#44; Oropesa R&#44; P&#233;rez J&#44; P&#233;rez Calvo JI&#44; Quesada MA&#44; Quir&#243;s R&#44; Roca B&#44; Ruiz R&#44; Ruiz Laiglesia F&#44; Salamanca P&#44; S&#225;nchez M&#44; Satu&#233; JA&#44; Serrado A&#44; Serrano M&#44; Su&#225;rez I&#44; and Trull&#224;s JC&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix"
            "titulo" => "Members of the RICA Registry"
            "identificador" => "sec0035"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; BMI&#44; body mass index&#59; COPD&#44; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease&#59; CTI&#44; cerebral transient ischemia&#59; eGFR&#44; estimated glomerular filtration rate&#59; MI&#44; myocardial infarction&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chronic kidney disease is defined as an eGFR &#60;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1772&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Men<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>836 &#40;47&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Women<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>936 &#40;52&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">78&#46;0 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;6 &#40;9&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">79&#46;3 &#40;7&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1515 &#40;85&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">675 &#40;80&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">840 &#40;89&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">801 &#40;45&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">370 &#40;44&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">431 &#40;46&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">821 &#40;46&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">387 &#40;46&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">434 &#40;46&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Obesity &#40;BMI &#62;30&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">656 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">253 &#40;30&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">403 &#40;43&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1021 &#40;57&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">514 &#40;61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">507 &#40;54&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Prior MI&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">393 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">242 &#40;28&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">151 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Previous stroke or CTI&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">240 &#40;13&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">122 &#40;14&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">118 &#40;12&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Peripheral arterial disease&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">230 &#40;13&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">186 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">eGFR &#60;60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL&#47;min&#47;1&#46;73<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1048 &#40;59&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">443 &#40;53&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">605 &#40;64&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">COPD&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">481 &#40;27&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">361 &#40;43&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">120 &#40;12&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Dementia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">113 &#40;6&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;6&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60 &#40;6&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean Charlson index &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean Barthel index &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">83&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean Pfeiffer test score &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Home care&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">186 &#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">91 &#40;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">95 &#40;10&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mean hospital stay&#44; days &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Mortality&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">479 &#40;27&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">239 &#40;28&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">240 &#40;25&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Anemia&#58; Hb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in men and Hb<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in women&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics&#44; comorbidity&#44; functional state&#44; mental condition&#44; length of stay and mortality&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; ACEIs&#44; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#59; AF&#44; atrial fibrillation&#59; ARBs&#44; angiotensin II receptor blockers<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">&#59;</span>DBP&#44; diastolic blood pressure&#59; HF&#44; heart failure&#59; HR&#44; heart rate&#59; LVEF&#44; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; NSAIDs&#44; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#59; NYHA&#44; New York Heart Association&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1772&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Men<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>836 &#40;47&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Women<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>936 &#40;52&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LVEF &#62;50&#37;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">954 &#40;57&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">354 &#40;44&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">600 &#40;69&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean LVEF&#44; &#37; &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean SBP&#44; mmHg &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">137&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">142&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean DBP&#44; mmHg &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean HR&#44; bpm &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NYHA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">II&#44;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1014 &#40;58&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">513 &#40;62&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">501&#40;55&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " rowspan="2" align="char" valign="top">&#46;002</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span>&#8211;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">IV&#44;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">715 &#40;41&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">309 &#40;37&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">406 &#40;44&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Initial HF&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">551 &#40;31&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">282&#40;33&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">269 &#40;28&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atrial fibrillation&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">921 &#40;52&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">397 &#40;47&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">524 &#40;56&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Etiology&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Previous HF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1098 &#40;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">498 &#40;59&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">600 &#40;64&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertensive etiology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">659 &#40;37&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">235 &#40;28&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">424 &#40;45&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemic etiology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">496 &#40;28&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">310 &#40;37&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">186 &#40;19&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Valvular etiology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">323 &#40;18&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">111 &#40;13&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">212 &#40;22&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alcoholic cardiomyopathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;4&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25 &#40;1&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;1&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">75 &#40;4&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;5&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;3&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Triggers&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>AF with rapid ventricular response&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">336 &#40;19&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">139 &#40;16&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">197 &#40;21&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory infection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">490 &#40;27&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">227 &#40;27&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">263 &#40;28&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency hypertensive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102 &#40;5&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64 &#40;6&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;039&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Poor therapeutic compliance and&#47;or dietary transgression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">147 &#40;8&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81 &#40;9&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;7&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;044&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ischemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">112 &#40;6&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59 &#40;7&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intake of NSAIDs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">14 &#40;1&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;1&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ACEIs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">935 &#40;52&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">481 &#40;57&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">454 &#40;48&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ARBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">595 &#40;33&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">238 &#40;28&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">357 &#40;38&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ACEIs or ARBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1425 &#40;80&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">674 &#40;80&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">751 &#40;80&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Beta-blockers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1113 &#40;62&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">537 &#40;64&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">576 &#40;61&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Loop diuretics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1639 &#40;92&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">778 &#40;93&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">861 &#40;92&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aldosterone antagonist diuretics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">624 &#40;35&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">317 &#40;37&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">307 &#40;32&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Thiazide diuretics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">211 &#40;11&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96 &#40;11&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">115 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatment &#40;patients with LVEF &#60;50&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ACEIs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">431 &#40;61&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">283 &#40;65&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">148 &#40;55&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ARBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">180 &#40;25&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">101 &#40;23&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 &#40;29&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;052&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ACEIs or ARBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">563 &#40;79&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">355 &#40;80&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">208 &#40;77&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Beta-blockers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">511 &#40;72&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">311 &#40;70&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">200 &#40;74&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aldosterone antagonist diuretics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">309 &#40;32&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">208 &#40;47&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">101 &#40;37&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of heart disease according to sex&#58; ejection fraction&#44; etiology&#44; functional degree&#44; triggers and treatment at discharge&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>&#58; ACEIs&#44; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#59; ARBs&#44; angiotensin II receptor blockers&#59; LVEF&#44; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; MDRD&#44; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease&#59; NYHA&#44; New York Heart Association&#59; SBP&#44; systolic blood pressure&#46; Anemia was defined as Hb levels &#60;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in men and &#60;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dL in women&#46; Hyponatremia was defined as Na levels &#60;135<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mEq&#47;L&#46; Obesity was defined as a BMI &#62;30&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariate analysis</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;05 &#40;1&#46;04&#8211;1&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;02 &#40;1&#46;01&#8211;1&#46;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sex &#40;female&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86 &#40;0&#46;70&#8211;1&#46;06&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;69 &#40;0&#46;53&#8211;0&#46;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Anemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;70 &#40;1&#46;37&#8211;2&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;37 &#40;1&#46;06&#8211;1&#46;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MDRD IV &#60;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;99 &#40;1&#46;68&#8211;2&#46;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;84 &#40;1&#46;42&#8211;2&#46;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NYHA &#40;III&#8211;IV&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;08 &#40;1&#46;68&#8211;2&#46;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;56 &#40;1&#46;22&#8211;1&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Obesity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;62 &#40;0&#46;50&#8211;0&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66 &#40;0&#46;51&#8211;0&#46;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hyponatremia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;60 &#40;1&#46;21&#8211;2&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;44 &#40;1&#46;04&#8211;1&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">LVEF &#60;50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;03 &#40;0&#46;83&#8211;1&#46;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;97 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#46;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Barthel index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98 &#40;0&#46;97&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ACEIs or ARBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;47 &#40;0&#46;37&#8211;0&#46;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;59 &#40;0&#46;46&#8211;0&#46;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Beta-blockers&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;57 &#40;0&#46;46&#8211;0&#46;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;58 &#40;0&#46;48&#8211;0&#46;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SBP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99 &#40;0&#46;98&#8211;0&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mortality at 1 year&#46; Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Heart failure-related hospitalization in the U&#46;S&#46;&#44; 1979 to 2004"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Fang"
                            1 => "G&#46;A&#46; Mensah"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Croft"
                            3 => "N&#46;L&#46; Keenan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.061"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "428"
                        "paginaFinal" => "434"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18672162"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0091674910010602"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00916749"
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                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States&#58; rationale&#44; design&#44; and preliminary observations from the first 100&#44;000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry &#40;ADHERE&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;F&#46; Adams Jr&#46;"
                            1 => "G&#46;C&#46; Fonarow"
                            2 => "C&#46;L&#46; Emerman"
                            3 => "T&#46;H&#46; LeJemtel"
                            4 => "M&#46;R&#46; Costanzo"
                            5 => "W&#46;T&#46; Abraham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Heart J"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "149"
                        "paginaInicial" => "209"
                        "paginaFinal" => "216"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846257"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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