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array:24 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300541" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.02.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-06-01" "aid" => "1388" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2016" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:252-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3 "PDF" => 3 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0014256517300991" "issn" => "00142565" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.019" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-06-01" "aid" => "1388" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:252-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 63 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 41 "PDF" => 22 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Validez diagnóstica del lenguaje de las manos en el dolor torácico de origen coronario" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "252" "paginaFinal" => "259" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diagnostic validity of hand gestures in chest pain of coronary origin" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1995 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 521383 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A) Signo de Levine: mano en puño en el centro del tórax. B) Mano extendida en el centro del tórax. C) Ambas manos colocadas en el centro del tórax desplazándolas hacia fuera (explorados por Edmondstone<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> en 1995). D y E) Otros signos de las manos explorados por Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.J. Montero-Pérez, F. de Borja Quero-Espinosa, M.J. Clemente-Millán, J.A. Castro-Giménez, J. de Burgos-Marín, M.Á. Romero-Moreno" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Montero-Pérez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F. de Borja" "apellidos" => "Quero-Espinosa" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Clemente-Millán" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Castro-Giménez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "de Burgos-Marín" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.Á." "apellidos" => "Romero-Moreno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.02.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417300541?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300991?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000005/v1_201705300032/S0014256517300991/v1_201705300032/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300218" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-06-01" "aid" => "1348" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:263-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2 "PDF" => 2 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>" "titulo" => "Fifty years since the nuclear accident in Palomares (Almeria). Medical repercussions" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "263" "paginaFinal" => "266" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cincuenta años del accidente nuclear de Palomares (Almería). Repercusiones médicas" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F. Laynez-Bretones, C. Lozano-Padilla" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Laynez-Bretones" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Lozano-Padilla" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256517300103" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2016.12.010" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300103?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417300218?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000021700000005/v1_201705300028/S2254887417300218/v1_201705300028/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887417300310" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.02.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-06-01" "aid" => "1374" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:245-51" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3 "PDF" => 3 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Teaching the basics of echocardiography in the undergraduate: Students as mentors" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "251" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Enseñanza de las bases de la ecocardioscopia en el pregrado: los estudiantes como mentores" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Arias Felipe, J. Doménech García, I. Sánchez los Arcos, D. Luordo, F.J. García Sánchez, J. Villanueva Martínez, A. Forero de la Sotilla, V. Villena Garrido, J. Torres Macho, G. García de Casasola Sánchez" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Arias Felipe" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Doménech García" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sánchez los Arcos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Luordo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "García Sánchez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Villanueva Martínez" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Forero de la Sotilla" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Villena Garrido" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Torres Macho" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "García de Casasola Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256517300619" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300619?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887417300310?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000021700000005/v1_201705300028/S2254887417300310/v1_201705300028/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Diagnostic validity of hand gestures in chest pain of coronary origin" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "252" "paginaFinal" => "259" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "F.J. Montero-Pérez, F. de Borja Quero-Espinosa, M.J. Clemente-Millán, J.A. Castro-Giménez, J. de Burgos-Marín, M.Á. Romero-Moreno" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Montero-Pérez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "javiermonteroperez@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "de Borja Quero-Espinosa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Clemente-Millán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Castro-Giménez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "de Burgos-Marín" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.Á." "apellidos" => "Romero-Moreno" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urgencias, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cardiología, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Validez diagnóstica del lenguaje de las manos en el dolor torácico de origen coronario" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1995 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 521383 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Levine's sign: clenched fist in the center of the chest. (B) Extended hand in the center of the chest. (C) Both hands placed in the center of the chest moving outwards (examined by Edmondstone<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> in 1995). (D and E) Other hand signs examined by Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Background</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When faced with acute chest pain (ACP), the emergency physician must discern whether its origin is banal or caused by life-threatening disorders such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ACP is a common symptom for consultation and represents 5–15% of all emergency room care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> In Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,3,4</span></a> 26–46% of ACP cases are initially considered an ACS but are subsequently discharged without confirming this diagnosis. Nevertheless, 2–10% of patients who are sent home with the diagnosis of noncoronary ACP have an ACS, with a poorer prognosis than those who are correctly identified and hospitalized.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The pillars for evaluating patients with ACP are the medical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram and cardiac markers. Various clinical protocols, decision algorithms and scoring scales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5–10</span></a> have subsequently attempted to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the diagnosis of ACP but have not been validated to discern whether the origin of the ACP is coronary or not.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When patients with ACP are asked questions such as “Where is the pain?” and “How does it feel?”, many use hand movements to locate the pain and communicate its quality,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a> graphically illustrating their symptoms. Therefore, important treaties on cardiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–17</span></a> have referred to Levine's sign and others as suggestive or even pathognomonic of the coronary origin of ACP. A closed fist over the sternum (Levine's sign,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A) communicates a piercing quality for the pain. An extended hand describes the feeling of heaviness on the chest (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B). A feeling of a constrictive band around the chest can be represented by the lateral movement of the palms of both hands from the center of the chest (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>C). Patients with pain of noncoronary origin could use other positions or movements to illustrate their pain, such as fingers above and below the sternum (esophageal pain) or an index finger (pain in the chest wall).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are scarce studies in the literature that have analyzed the validity of these signs in diagnosing ACS, and their results are not very conclusive, despite conducting the studies with patients previously selected from coronary units.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, this study analyzed the frequency and diagnostic validity of these gestures in a cohort of patients who visited the hospital emergency department (HED) for ACP. The initial hypothesis was the language of hand gestures has diagnostic validity for identifying coronary ACP and distinguishing it from the noncoronary variety.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Design</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prospective cohort study consisted of a sample of patients older than 14 years treated in an HED for ACP, between June 1, 2013, and May 31, 2014. This HED treats approximately 125,000 emergency cases/year. Patient selection was conducted using batch sampling. Each batch included all patients who consecutively visited for ACP during the participating researchers’ workday. We excluded patients who refused to participate in the study, patients whose cognitive level, difficulties in communicating or functional limitation (apraxia, hemiparesis, etc.) impeded them from performing the test and all patients with trauma-induced ACP.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the local research committee, and all participants were asked for their informed consent.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent a case history for those variables included in the data collection sheet (DCS). The rest of the variables were obtained using the various computer applications at the health center.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Literature search</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We used the keywords “chest pain” and “body language”, without a time restriction. We used the GERION metabrowser of the Virtual Library of the Public Healthcare System of Andalusia, which uses the following health science databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Educational Resources Reported Center (ERIC), IME-Biomedicina, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). We also analyzed the references included in the studies found in the indicated bibliomedical databases.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Study variables</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DCS contained the following variables: age, sex, progression time of the pain, electrocardiogram-based coronary risk classification of the American Heart Association (AHA),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> diagnosis of ACP issued in the HED (cardiac, noncardiac or of uncertain origin), hospitalization in the observation area (yes/no), patient destination (home, cardiology ward, intensive care or other), type of hand gesture (gesture 1 [clenched fist over the sternum or Levine's sign], gesture 2 [an open hand over the same location], gesture 3 [both hands over the center of the chest] or other signs), the results of the coronary angiography (normal/pathological), serum troponin <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> readings (positive/negative), coronary angiography by computed tomography (computed tomography angiography [CTA]) (normal/pathological), final diagnosis group (ACS/no ACS) and etiological diagnosis. The “final diagnosis group” was the dependent variable.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The considered gestures were represented graphically in the DCS and corresponded to the 3 most often described in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,14</span></a> (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A–C) as associated with coronary ACP.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Data collection system</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Five HED physicians performed the case history and data collection for the patients included in the study. These researchers were initially trained using a correlation series on the same cases, until a kappa index of at least 80% was achieved. The interview was performed during the first contact with the patient. At that time, the evaluator was unaware of the exact diagnosis. The interview took place in the HED consultations area and, occasionally, in the observation area. If there was hemodynamic instability or other condition that precluded the anamnesis in the HED, the appropriate treatment was applied and the anamnesis performed later, once the patient was stabilized.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The type of hand sign was recorded after the researcher performed a standard introduction, “Show me where the pain is and tell me how it feels”. The physician assigned the observed gesture to any of the drawings reflected in the DCS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A–C). Any other distinct sign was also recorded in the DCS.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the coronary angiography were considered pathological when there was a significant obstructive lesion (>50% of the lumen) in epicardial vessels larger than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm in diameter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The laboratory data were obtained with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nexus IT</span> V.3.8.9.0 application (DigitasLBi Company). Serum troponin <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span> levels were determined by chemiluminescence with the Architect ci16200 analyzer (Abbott<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>), and levels >0.30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/mL were considered positive. The CTA of the coronary arteries was performed with a General Electric<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> 64-slice scanner, using contrast with iopromide 370 (Ultravist<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>).</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Patient diagnosis and follow-up</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients were ultimately assigned to 2 diagnosis groups: the ACS group if a coronary origin was confirmed and nonACS group if there was another origin or the origin could not be confirmed. The confirmation of the coronary origin and its categorization (stable angina, unstable angina, hemodynamic angina or acute myocardial infarction) was performed according to current symptom-based criteria, peak troponin levels in the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, electrocardiogram, imaging study (CTA) and coronary angiography.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21–26</span></a> The patients categorized with “hemodynamic angina” were encompassed with the nonACS group, except when there was evidence of a coronary lesion. The various types of noncoronary ACP were diagnosed according to standard criteria.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To verify the final diagnosis of the episode, all cases were followed to discharge and for the following 12 months, reviewing the subsequent medical visits. For the patients for whom the diagnosis could not be verified, a telephone interview was conducted to confirm the onset of intercurrent coronary events or death by this cause.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sample size calculation was performed to calculate a proportion of a finite population, considering that 5% of the patients treated in an HED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,27</span></a> are there for chest pain (in our case, 6250 cases of chest pain) and that the proportion of ischemic heart disease is 10%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3,28</span></a> We accepted a maximum imprecision of ±3% and a 95% confidence level in the calculation. The minimum calculated sample size was 362 cases. Cases lost for any reason were replaced with the next case.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The recorded data were entered into the computer application SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0, Chicago). The degree of interobserver concordance of the interviewers on the same cases in the previous training phase was calculated using the kappa index. An index ≥0.80 (80%) was considered acceptable agreement.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a univariate study using an absolute and relative frequency distribution. The quantitative variables are expressed with the arithmetic mean or median and its standard deviation (SD) or interquartile range (IQR), respectively. The normal data distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. To analyze the association of the qualitative variables compared with the dependent variable “coronary pain: yes/no”, we employed the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test of bilateral significance, with Fisher's exact test if necessary. We considered a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.05 significant. Diagnostic validity was measured using the calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios and the overall diagnostic value,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 383 patients, 164 of whom (43%) corresponded to the ACS group and 219 (57%) to the nonACS group (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common sign performed was gesture 2, overall (60%) and by diagnosis group (60% in the ACS group and 58% in the nonACS group). There was no statistically significant association between the type of gesture and the final diagnosis group (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.172) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). When compared with the ACS group, the nonACS group more frequently performed gestures other then the classical 1, 2 or 3 gesture (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.030) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). There was no association between the type of gesture and the specific diagnoses of the ACS group (stable angina, unstable angina, hemodynamic angina and acute myocardial infarction) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.76).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnostic validity of the gestures is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. For the diagnosis of coronary pain, greatest sensitivity was achieved in isolation by gesture 2 (60%). The greatest specificity was achieved with Levine's sign (gesture 1) (90%), followed by other gestures (86%) and by gesture 3 (81%). There were no recorded coronary events or death due to coronary causes in the patients during the follow-up.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study, the third of its type reflected in the reviewed medical literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,12</span></a> and the first performed in an HED, shows that hand gestures performed by patients are not useful for determining whether the ACP is coronary or not.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A diagnostic test is considered to have acceptable validity if its sensitivity and specificity are ≥80%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> In our study, the remaining signs (except gesture 2) considered in isolation had a specificity >80% but low sensitivity and predictive values, as well as insufficient diagnostic accuracy. In terms of likelihood ratios, which are independent of prevalence, the results show LR+ values slightly greater than 1 for gestures 1, 2 and 3 (1.20 for Levine's sign), while none of the LR− were below 1.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1995, Edmondstone<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> published a brief article on the diagnostic validity of sign language in 203 patients with ACP in a coronary care unit. The ACP was coronary in 138 patients (68%) and noncoronary or indeterminate in 65 (32%), with a high proportion of patients with coronary pain compared with our study, given the origin of the patients. The author's conclusion was that these signs are not discriminative for the diagnosis of coronary pain. Nevertheless, based on a sensitivity of 80% and a PPV of 77%, the author concluded that the performance of any of the 3 gestures could support the diagnosis of ACS. These results are not consistent with those of our study, in which the PPV was only 45% when considering the performance of any of the 3 signs versus other signs, although the sensitivity was high (93%). Nevertheless, the LR+ and LR− of our study when considering, as did Edmondstone,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> the joint assessment of gestures 1, 2 and 3 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>) show the absence of diagnostic validity for these signs.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study by Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> with 202 patients hospitalized for ACP studied Levine's sign (gesture 1), gesture 2 (as in our study) and 2 other signs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>D and E). Of the included patients, 107 (53%) performed one of the 4 gestures: 11% performed Levine's sign, 35% performed gesture 2, 16% performed gesture 3 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>D), and 4% performed the index finger sign (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>E). Only the specificity of Levine's sign (84%) was significant, which was similar to our study (89%). When comparing the results of these 2 prior studies and the current study (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>), we observed that although the studies were performed in different settings, the studies were not that different.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study does not attempt to simplify the diagnostic act to a simple body expression. A medical diagnosis requires the integration of a variety of information, which at times is not well established, such as gestures, postures, verbal expression and information from companions. The diagnosis is based on heuristic rules and conclusions that are difficult to identify. Therefore, a medical diagnosis (or diagnostic hypothesis) is rarely based on a single aspect in the medical history or physical examination but rather requires the integration of complex and varied information to reach a conclusion. It is therefore not surprising that in this study the patient's expression, considered in isolation, provides insufficient information to reach a secure diagnostic conclusion. The only intention was to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of gestures that, in some cases such as Levine's sign, have been considered useful in classical treaties<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–17</span></a> and are still considered in some cases as having indisputable semiological<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> and even pathognomonical value for coronary artery disease. It should also not be inferred from this study that the manner in which the patients express themselves has no importance. Their expression is another link in a chain that ultimately leads to a diagnostic conclusion or hypothesis.</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limitations of this study include the type of sampling performed (by cluster), that each patient was interviewed by only one evaluator (although the previous analysis of agreement minimizes this limitation) and that not all patients underwent the same examinations to reach the final diagnosis (coronary angiography was performed on 40% of the patients, and coronary CTA was performed on 25% of the total sample). It is also possible that the patients with diabetes, due to their possible dysautonomia, could have variations in pain intensity or location, which would mean a possible selection bias.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, some hand signs that patients with ACP perform have a high frequency of use (89%), although the signs are not useful for determining a possible coronary origin.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres844931" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec839861" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres844930" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec839862" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Design" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Literature search" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Study variables" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Data collection system" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Patient diagnosis and follow-up" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-02-23" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec839861" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Emergency medicine" 1 => "Chest pain" 2 => "Gestures" 3 => "Acute coronary syndrome" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec839862" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Medicina de urgencias" 1 => "Dolor torácico" 2 => "Gestos" 3 => "Síndrome coronario agudo" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To determine the frequency of 3 hand gestures by patients with chest pain and determine the diagnostic validity of the gestures in acute coronary syndrome.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective study was conducted on 383 adult patients treated for chest pain in an emergency department. We observed certain hand gestures, previously referred to in the medical literature as characteristic of coronary pain (gesture 1: a clenched fist held over the sternal area or Levine's sign; gesture 2: open hand located over the same area; gesture 3: both hands placed in the center of the chest), as well as other gestures. We analyzed their association with the coronary origin of the pain.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We confirmed the coronary origin of the pain in 164 (43%) patients (ACS group). The other 219 patients (57%) did not have a coronary origin for the pain (nonACS group). Eighty-nine percent of the patients identified their pain with one of the 3 classical gestures. The most frequent gesture was number 2, both overall (59%) and by group (60% ACS group; 57.5% nonACS group). There was no significant association between the type of gesture and the final diagnosis (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.172). The greater specificity corresponded to Levine's sign (90%), followed by other gestures (86%) and gesture 3 (81%).</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although 89% of the patients expressed their chest pain with one of the 3 manual gestures classically associated with coronary pain, none achieved sufficient diagnostic accuracy to be used as indicative of this type of pain.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Patients and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comprobar la frecuencia de 3 gestos realizados con las manos por los pacientes con dolor torácico y determinar su validez diagnóstica en el síndrome coronario agudo.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo de 383 pacientes adultos asistidos en un servicio de urgencias por dolor torácico. Se observó la realización de determinados signos gestuales con las manos, previamente referidos en la literatura médica como característicos de dolor coronario (gesto 1: mano en puño dispuesta sobre zona esternal o signo de Levine; gesto 2: mano abierta situada en la misma localización; gesto 3: ambas manos colocadas en el centro del tórax), así como la de otros gestos. Se analizó su asociación con el origen coronario del dolor.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En 164 (43%) pacientes se confirmó el origen coronario del dolor (grupo SCA), y en 219 (57%) no se confirmó (grupo no SCA). Un 89% de pacientes identificaron su dolor con alguno de los 3 gestos clásicos. El más frecuente fue el 2, tanto globalmente (59%) como por grupos (60% grupo SCA; 57,5% grupo no SCA). No hubo asociación significativa entre el tipo de gesto realizado y el diagnóstico final (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,172). La mayor especificidad correspondió al signo de Levine (90%), seguida de otros gestos (86%) y del gesto 3 (81%).</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque el 89% de los pacientes expresaron el dolor torácico con alguno de los 3 gestos manuales clásicamente asociados al dolor coronario, ninguno de ellos alcanzó suficiente precisión diagnóstica para ser utilizado como indicativo de este tipo de dolor.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Pacientes y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Please cite this article as: Montero-Pérez FJ, de Borja Quero-Espinosa F, Clemente-Millán MJ, Castro-Giménez JA, de Burgos-Marín J, Romero-Moreno MÁ. Validez diagnóstica del lenguaje de las manos en el dolor torácico de origen coronario. Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:252–259.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1995 "Ancho" => 3000 "Tamanyo" => 521383 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Levine's sign: clenched fist in the center of the chest. (B) Extended hand in the center of the chest. (C) Both hands placed in the center of the chest moving outwards (examined by Edmondstone<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> in 1995). (D and E) Other hand signs examined by Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; AHA, American Heart Association; CLBBB, complete left bundle branch block; ECG, electrocardiogram; ENT, otolaryngological origin; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; ST, ST-segment elevation.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>383 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age (IQR)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66 (23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">211 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Progression time of pain in hours (IQR)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.56 (10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AHA classification of coronary risk according to ECG findings</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>With ST elevation or new CLBBB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>With ST reduction or dynamic T-wave inversion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nondiagnostic ECG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">329 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diagnosis of the pain reflected in the emergency department</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiac \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">181 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Noncardiac \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">134 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Uncertain origin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Admission to observation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">192 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient destination</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Home \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">228 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiology ward \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">117 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICU \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Final diagnosis of the pain of coronary origin (ACS group)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stable angina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unstable angina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acute myocardial infarction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemodynamic angina \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">164 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain of noncoronary origin (nonACS group)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pericardial \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulmonary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gastrointestinal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Musculoskeletal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Psychogenic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ENT (pharyngolaryngeal) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Indeterminate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">119 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">219 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1426993.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">General characteristics of the cohort.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">↓ %<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>percentage compared with columns; → %<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>percentage compared with rows.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Modality of gesture \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Gesture performed by the patient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coronary pain</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Noncoronary pain</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">↓ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">→ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">↓ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">→ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">↓ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">→ % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="middle">Type of gesture</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gesture 1 (Levine) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="char" valign="middle">0.172</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gesture 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">126 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">225 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gesture 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other gestures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">164 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">219 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">383 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="middle">Gestures 1, 2 or 3 vs. other gestures</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gesture 1, 2 or 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">153 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">93.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">189 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">342 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="3" align="char" valign="middle">0.030</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Other gestures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">164 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">219 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">383 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1426992.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of cases according to the gesture performed.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95% CI: 95% confidence intervals.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Diagnostic validity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Gesture 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Gesture 2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Gesture 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Other gestures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Gestures 1, 2 or 3 vs. other gestures \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Value (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensitivity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.2 (8–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.4 (52.7–67.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.7 (15.2–27.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.7 (3.8–11.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">93.3 (88.4–96.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Specificity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">90 (85–93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.5 (36.1–49.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81.3 (75.6–85.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86.3 (81.1–90.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.7 (9.8–18.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Positive predictive value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.5 (32–60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44 (37.7–50.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.3 (34.6–56.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.8 (15.7–41.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.7 (39.6–50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Negative predictive value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58 (52.5–63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.9 (51.0–66.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.8 (52.2–63.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.3 (50–60.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73.2 (58.1–84.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Positive likelihood ratio \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.2 (0.7–2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (0.90–1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (0.8–1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.5 (0.3–0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (1–1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Negative likelihood ratio \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 (0.9–1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.93 (0.7–1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.98 (0.9–1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.1 (1–1.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.5 (0.3–0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Overall diagnostic value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57 (52–61.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.1 (45.2–55.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.3 (50.4–60.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.2 (47.2–57.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.8 (42.8–52.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1426994.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Data extracted from <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Validity of each hand sign in the diagnosis of coronary chest pain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a></p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: –, lack of data or inability to extract data from the article; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We lack decimal readings because the study by Marcus et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> did not provide them. We rounded the decimal to the closest unit. We did not have the likelihood ratios of the studies for comparison.</p><p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The data within the parentheses correspond to the 95% confidence intervals.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Sign \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Test \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Studies performed<br>Author, number of patients and setting</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Edmondstone,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> 203 patients in a coronary unit \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Marcus et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> 202 patients from cardiology \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Current study, 383 patients from the emergency department \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Gesture 1 (Levine's sign)<br><elsevierMultimedia ident="201705300029151271"></elsevierMultimedia></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prevalence, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensitivity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (9–20) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9 (5–17) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (8–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Specificity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">89 (79–55) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84 (72–92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">90 (85–93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73 (54–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (27–73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 (32–60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 (26–40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31 (28–44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58 (52–63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Gesture 2<br><elsevierMultimedia ident="201705300029151272"></elsevierMultimedia></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prevalence, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensitivity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (38–55) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38 (28–48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 (53–68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Specificity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">74 (62–83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">67 (54–78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42 (36–49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">79 (69–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65 (52–77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44 (38–51) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 (31–48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 (30–49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59 (51–66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Gesture 3<br><elsevierMultimedia ident="201705300029151273"></elsevierMultimedia></td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prevalence, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensitivity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (14–27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (15–28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Specificity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86 (76–92) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 (76–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 (59–86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45 (35–57) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 (27–41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58 (52–63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " rowspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Other gestures</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Prevalence, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Sensitivity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (14–28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (4–12) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Specificity, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51 (39–63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86 (81–90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">PPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47 (35–59) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 (16–42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 (17–31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55 (50–60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">NPV, % \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53 (41–65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">73 (58–84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1426991.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparative analysis with previous studies on the language of hands in chest pain.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "201705300029151271" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 262 "Ancho" => 302 "Tamanyo" => 25483 ] ] ] 6 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "201705300029151272" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx2.jpeg" "Alto" => 300 "Ancho" => 262 "Tamanyo" => 24317 ] ] ] 7 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "201705300029151273" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx3.jpeg" "Alto" => 301 "Ancho" => 297 "Tamanyo" => 31484 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dolor torácico en urgencias. 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