Share
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2254887420300692" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2020.04.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-10-01" "aid" => "1844" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220:457" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0014256520301223" "issn" => "00142565" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2020.04.013" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-10-01" "aid" => "1844" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220:457" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Correspondencia</span>" "titulo" => "COVID-19 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> o «no todo vale»" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "457" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "COVID-19 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> or «not everything goes»" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M.L. López Reboiro, C. Sardiña González, J. López Castro" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "López Reboiro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Sardiña González" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "López Castro" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2254887420300692" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2020.04.007" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887420300692?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256520301223?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/00142565/0000022000000007/v1_202009260731/S0014256520301223/v1_202009260731/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887420300783" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2020.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-10-01" "aid" => "1882" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220:457-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Correspondence</span>" "titulo" => "Ivermectin in COVID-19. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentun ad ignorantiam</span>?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "457" "paginaFinal" => "458" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Ivermectina en COVID-19. ¿<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span>?" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Y. Carlosama-Rosero" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Y." "apellidos" => "Carlosama-Rosero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256520301739" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2020.06.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256520301739?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887420300783?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000022000000007/v2_202010040643/S2254887420300783/v2_202010040643/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2254887420300825" "issn" => "22548874" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2020.05.009" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-10-01" "aid" => "1879" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220:456" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Correspondence</span>" "titulo" => "Reply to "Transfusions in the emergency department: Are there other care alternatives?"" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "456" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Réplica a «Transfusión en urgencias: ¿existen dispositivos asistenciales alternativos?»" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Quintana-Díaz, C. Jericó-Alba, S. Zalba-Marcos, J.A. García-Erce" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Quintana-Díaz" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Jericó-Alba" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Zalba-Marcos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "García-Erce" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0014256520301703" "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2020.05.015" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256520301703?idApp=WRCEE" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887420300825?idApp=WRCEE" "url" => "/22548874/0000022000000007/v2_202010040643/S2254887420300825/v2_202010040643/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Correspondence</span>" "titulo" => "COVID-19 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> or “not everything goes”" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Director," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "457" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M.L. López Reboiro, C. Sardiña González, J. López Castro" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "López Reboiro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Sardiña González" ] 2 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "López Castro" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jlcastro126@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Público de Monforte, Lugo, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "COVID-19 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> o «no todo vale»" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After having read with interest the letter by Dr. Abril López de Medrano et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> which we wholeheartedly endorse, we would like to raise an alarm about a curious process of scientific thinking that, to our understanding, is happening in a generalized manner in the global management of treatment against COVID-19. It is the so-called <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> fallacy, which consists of thinking that “lack of awareness of evidence contrary to an idea that we support counts as evidence in its favor.” Nothing is further from the truth, and even more so given the capacity of generating multiple trial-and-error tests with unpredictable consequences, particularly in a disease that we unfortunately still know very little about.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let’s look at an example: a recently published preclinical study observed that the anthelmintic ivermectin achieves inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> in 48 h.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> As no evidence against it has been published to date, the possible theoretical benefits of this drug in humans are to be expected. Nevertheless, if we review the work in detail, it is observed that the dose of ivermectin used <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> is 5 µM. To achieve this concentration in a human being, oral administration on the order of 1000–1200 mg of ivermectin would be needed. According to the drug's technical datasheet, the dose tested in humans (healthy volunteers) is around 100–120 mg (single dose) and severe side effects due to intoxication include ataxia and seizures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> For this reason, it seems clear that it would not be possible to use this drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 in humans, as the levels required for it to be effective in humans would very probably also be highly toxic.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Let’s suppose that this drug had been tested at the usual doses approved by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS, for its initials in Spanish) (thus below the therapeutic range for COVID-19) in a health center that had low mortality rates for the disease. In this scenario, it could have falsely been assumed that ivermectin played a decisive role in curing these patients. This is not so, as adequate therapeutic levels in the blood would not have been achieved.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, we must be on the alert to publications on “sensationalist” therapies supported by small case series (ozone therapy, vitamin D supplements, etc.) and, sometimes, by the doubtful methodology that, supported by the principal of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span>, promise fantasies of cures for COVID-19 disease.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-04-25" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: López Reboiro ML, Sardiña González C, López Castro J. COVID-19 y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Argumentum ad ignorantiam</span> o «no todo vale». Rev Clin Esp. 2020;220:457.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tomar o no tomar «decisiones en caliente» respecto al tratamiento de la infeccion por SARS-CoV-2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "V Abril López de Medrano" 1 => "EM de Lucas" 2 => "M. Salavert Lletí" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2020.04.004" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp." "fecha" => "2020" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The FDA approved Drug Ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L. Caly" 1 => "J.D. Druce" 2 => "M.G. Catton" 3 => "D.A. Jans" 4 => "K.M. Wagstaff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Antiviral Res." "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "178" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Ficha técnica de Stromectol 3 mg. Lab. MSD." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/22548874/0000022000000007/v2_202010040643/S2254887420300692/v2_202010040643/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "71813" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Correspondence" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22548874/0000022000000007/v2_202010040643/S2254887420300692/v2_202010040643/en/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://revclinesp.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887420300692?idApp=WRCEE" ]
