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we proposed the following objectives in a consecutive sample of patients with RVO&#58; &#40;a&#41; to analyze the importance of VRFs&#44; &#40;b&#41; to describe the prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions in supra-aortic trunks&#59; and &#40;c&#41; to study the prevalence of anticoagulated NVAF&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a cross-sectional&#44; case&#8211;control study that consecutively included all patients diagnosed with RVO between December 2008 and April 2015 by the Department of Ophthalmology &#40;based on clinical&#44; fundoscopic and angiographic criteria&#41; who were referred to the Department of Internal Medicine&#46; The control group consisted of 212 patients&#44; matched by age and sex&#44; from a prospective population cohort &#40;Camargo cohort&#41; to study the prevalence and incidence of bone diseases and mineral metabolism disorders in postmenopausal women and men over the age of 50 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The study was conducted at the University Hospital Marqu&#233;s de Valdecilla of Santander&#44; which covers a population of 350&#44;000 inhabitants&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Data collection</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire in a computerized database&#44; which included demographic and clinical data&#44; laboratory parameters&#44; imaging findings and electrocardiographic findings&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Clinical variables</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following clinical variables were recorded&#58; age&#44; sex&#44; arterial hypertension &#40;blood pressure &#8805;140&#47;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg or undergoing antihypertensive therapy&#41;&#44; diabetes mellitus &#40;according to the American Diabetes Association criteria&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> dyslipidemia &#40;total cholesterol levels &#62;230<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL or triglyceride levels &#62;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL or undergoing lipid-lowering therapy&#41;&#44; active smoking and obesity &#40;defined by body mass index&#41;&#44; We also collected information on the location of the RVO &#40;central or branch&#41;&#44; the presence of NVAF&#44; personal and family history of thromboembolic disease&#44; presence of stroke or infarction since the anticoagulation and&#44; for anticoagulated patients&#44; the international normalized ratio &#40;INR&#41; prior to the RVO episode&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Laboratory parameters</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein after 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of night-time fasting&#46; Routine biochemical parameters were measured using an ADVIA 2400 autoanalyzer &#40;Siemens&#41;&#46; Levels of anticardiolipin and &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-glycoprotein I antibodies were determined using ELISA &#40;AESKULISA<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Diagnostics&#41;&#46; Normal values for anticardiolipin antibodies and &#946;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-glycoprotein I antibodies were &#60;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UGPL&#47;mL and &#60;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;mL&#44; respectively&#46; The lupus anticoagulant results were not analyzed because the patients with NVAF were anticoagulated&#44; which limited the value of this parameter&#46; The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome was established according to International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis guidelines&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Imaging test variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram to diagnose the presence of atrial fibrillation and other potentially embolic arrhythmias&#46; In the majority of RVO cases&#44; a Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks was performed to assess the presence of atheroma plaques and to quantify the degree of vascular stenosis&#46; The study was conducted using B-mode ultrasound and a color and spectral Doppler of the bilateral carotid and vertebral systems using a high-frequency linear probe &#40;Logic model&#44; General Electric&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative variables are expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation&#44; and qualitative variables are expressed as percentages&#44; specifying the 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&#46; Quantitative variables were compared using Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#44; depending on which was more appropriate&#46; Chi-squared or Fisher tests were employed to compare the quantitative variables&#46; Values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;05 were considered significant&#46; The data were analyzed using the SPSS 15&#46;0 program &#40;Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were 212 patients with RVO and 212 control patients included in the study&#46; Branch involvement was prevalent in 144 cases &#40;68&#37;&#59; 139 temporal and 5 nasal&#41;&#44; and central involvement was prevalent in 68 patients &#40;32&#37;&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the demographic data and the prevalence of classic VRFs in the patients and controls&#44; as well as the prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions in supra-aortic trunks in the patients with RVO&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the time of their assessment in consultation&#44; 13 patients with RVO and 13 controls were observed to have NVAF &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; None of these individuals had a family or personal history of thromboembolic disease suggestive of baseline thrombophilia nor had they had major cardiovascular events &#40;stroke or myocardial infarction&#41; in the follow-up period since anticoagulation was initiated&#46; In all of these individuals&#44; the antiphospholipid antibodies were negative&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 11 of the 13 patients with NVAF and RVO&#44; the INR at the time of the retinal thrombotic episode was within the therapeutic range&#46; In 2 patients who were undergoing treatment with acetylsalicylic acid&#44; the drug was replaced by rivaroxaban after observing NVAF&#46; In both cases and within 2&#8211;3 weeks of commencing the anticoagulation&#44; 2 RVO episodes were observed&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> compares the analyzed data of the RVO cases anticoagulated through NVAF and the data from the rest of the patients with RVO&#44; showing the ultrasound findings of the supra-aortic trunks in both groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study&#44; the prevalence of arterial hypertension&#44; dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the patients with RVO than in the control group&#46; As in other studies&#44; the importance of arterial hypertension is especially noteworthy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7&#44;16</span></a> Additionally&#44; more than half of the patients with RVO presented arteriosclerotic involvement of the supra-aortic trunks&#44; resulted similar to those of other published series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When analyzing the characteristics of the patients with RVO and anticoagulated NVAF&#44; we observed a greater burden of classic VRFs&#44; with no differences in the intensity or type of anticoagulation&#44; compared with the controls&#46; Moreover&#44; compared with the nonanticoagulated individuals&#44; the anticoagulated patients with RVO and NVAF had a greater prevalence of VRFs and central retinal vascular impairment&#46; These results are also similar to those published by PlunKett et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the vascular events&#44; a higher incidence of stroke has been reported in patients with RVO&#44; especially in the month following retinal vascular involvement&#46; A number of authors therefore recommend optimizing VRF therapy following RVO&#44; including the administration of anticoagulants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> In the patients with RVO and NVAF in ours series&#44; we observed that prior anticoagulation with vitamin K agonists &#40;despite maintaining an INR within the therapeutic range &#91;2&#8211;3&#93; in 10 out of 11 patients&#41; was not able to prevent the onset of RVO&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> Rivaroxaban was also not effective in this sense&#46; Interestingly&#44; in 2 patients whose acetylsalicylic acid was changed to rivaroxaban after the NVAF diagnosis&#44; RVO appeared in less than 3 weeks&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Christiansen et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> in a series of 87&#44;202 patients with NVAF&#44; analyzed between 1997 and 2008&#44; found that 361 had RVO and that this was an independent risk factor for the development of stroke and systemic thromboembolism&#46; In the event of stroke&#44; the hazard ratio was 1&#46;26 &#40;95&#37; CI 1&#46;02&#8211;1&#46;54&#41;&#46; The authors hypothesized that RVO could be considered a previous thromboembolic event&#44; to be considered for stroke-risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has several limitations&#44; particularly the small number of patients and controls with anticoagulated NVAF &#40;although it is currently the largest group published&#41; and the absence of supra-aortic trunk ultrasounds in the control group&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study&#44; as with previous studies in the literature&#44; does not support the efficacy of anticoagulation in the prevention of RVO&#44; because those patients with NVAF do not seem to avoid this complication&#46; These findings suggest that RVO is one more manifestation of VRFs and atherosclerosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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            2 => "Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation"
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            0 => "Obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
            1 => "Factores de riesgo vascular"
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            3 => "Anticoagulaci&#243;n"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the importance of cardiovascular risk factors&#44; ultrasound findings in the supra-aortic trunk and the presence of anticoagulated nonvalvular atrial fibrillation &#40;NVAF&#41; in patients with retinal vein occlusion &#40;RVO&#41; and in a control group&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional study was conducted of all patients with RVO consecutively referred to the office of internal medicine&#44; comparing them with a control group&#46; We analyzed clinical&#44; electrocardiographic and ultrasound variables&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 212 patients &#40;114 men and 98 women&#41; with RVO and 212 controls &#40;95 men and 117 women&#41; of similar ages&#46; Arterial hypertension&#44; dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus were significantly more prevalent in the patients with RVO than in the controls &#40;73&#46;6 vs&#46; 50&#37;&#44; 64&#46;6 vs&#46; 48&#46;6&#37; and 27&#46;8 vs&#46; 12&#46;3&#37;&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; We observed arteriosclerotic lesions in the supra-aortic trunk in 55&#37; of the patients with RVO&#46; The patients with RVO and NVAF had a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors than the controls with NVAF&#46; There were no differences in terms of the international normalized ratio or in the use of direct anticoagulants between the cases and controls with NVAF&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular risk factors &#40;especially arterial hypertension&#41; and arteriosclerotic involvement of the supra-aortic trunk are highly prevalent in RVO&#46; Anticoagulation does not appear to be effective in preventing RVO&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objectives"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
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          2 => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar la importancia de los factores de riesgo vascular&#44; los hallazgos ecogr&#225;ficos de los troncos supraa&#243;rticos&#44; y la presencia de fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular &#40;FANV&#41; anticoagulada en pacientes con obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana &#40;OVR&#41; y en un grupo control&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio transversal de todos los pacientes con OVR remitidos consecutivamente a la consulta de Medicina Interna&#44; compar&#225;ndolos con un grupo control&#46; Se analizaron variables cl&#237;nicas&#44; electrocardiogr&#225;ficas y ecogr&#225;ficas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 212 pacientes &#40;114 varones y 98 mujeres&#41; con OVR y 212 controles &#40;95 varones y 117 mujeres&#41; de edad similar&#46; La hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; la dislipidemia y la diabetes mellitus fueron significativamente m&#225;s prevalentes en los pacientes con OVR que en los controles &#40;73&#44;6 vs&#46; 50&#37;&#44; 64&#44;6 vs&#46; 48&#44;6&#37;&#44; y 27&#44;8 vs&#46; 12&#44;3&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Se observaron lesiones arterioescler&#243;ticas en los troncos supraa&#243;rticos en el 55&#37; de las OVR&#46; Los pacientes con OVR y FANV ten&#237;an una mayor carga de factores de riesgo vascular que los controles con FANV&#46; No hubo diferencias respecto a la raz&#243;n internacional normalizada o a la utilizaci&#243;n de anticoagulantes de acci&#243;n directa entre casos y controles con FANV&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de riesgo vascular &#40;en especial la hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#41; y la afectaci&#243;n arterioescler&#243;tica de los troncos supraa&#243;rticos son muy prevalentes en la OVR&#46; La anticoagulaci&#243;n no parece eficaz para prevenir la OVR&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Lisa Gracia M&#44; C&#243;rdoba Alonso A&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez JL&#44; P&#233;rez Montes R&#44; Napal Lecumberri JJ&#46; Factores de riesgo vascular&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular y obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2017&#59;217&#58;188&#8211;192&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; BMI&#44; body mass index&#59; M&#44; mean&#59; RVO&#44; retinal vein occlusion&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;9 &#40;11&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;5&#40;9&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Males&#47;females&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">114&#47;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#47;117&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;065&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Arterial hypertension&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">156 &#40;73&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">106 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dyslipidemia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">137 &#40;64&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103 &#40;48&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Diabetes mellitus&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59 &#40;27&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;12&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Active smoker&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;14&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">BMI&#44; kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29&#46;3 &#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28&#46;9 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Supra-aortic atherosclerotic lesions&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110 &#40;55&#46;5&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic data and prevalence of vascular risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions of supra-aortic trunks in patients with retinal vein obstruction&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; INR&#44; international normalized ratio&#59; OAC&#44; oral anticoagulants&#59; RVO&#44; retinal vein occlusion&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RVO &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Males&#47;females&#44; n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#47;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;097&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#46;3 &#40;6&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#40;7&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arterial hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;92&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;76&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dyslipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;38&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;15&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">INR &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;42 &#40;0&#46;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;39 &#40;0&#46;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">OAC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Acenocoumarol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rivaroxaban&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dabigatran&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of patients with anticoagulated nonvalvular atrial fibrillation&#44; with and without retinal vein obstruction&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; NVAF&#58; nonvalvular atrial fibrillation&#59; RVO&#44; retinal vein occlusion&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Males&#47;females&#44; n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11&#47;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">113&#47;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arterial hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">144 &#40;72&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;65&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;38&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;27&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Type of thrombosis&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Central&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;53&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61 &#40;30&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Peripheral&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;46&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138 &#40;69&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Supra-aortic atherosclerotic lesions&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Original article
Cardiovascular risk factors, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion
Factores de riesgo vascular, fibrilación auricular no valvular y obstrucción venosa retiniana
M. Lisa Graciaa,b,
Corresponding author
m.lisagracia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Córdoba Alonsoa,b, J.L. Hernández Hernándeza,b, R. Pérez Montesa,b, J.J. Napal Lecumberria,b
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
b Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain

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