array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0014256512002470"
  "issn" => "00142565"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2012.05.006"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-09-01"
  "aid" => "628"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L."
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2012"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2012;212:403-6"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 532
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 311
      "PDF" => 221
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256511002633"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2011.04.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-09-01"
    "aid" => "419"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L."
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2012;212:e59-61"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2460
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 2039
        "PDF" => 421
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Comunicaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica</span>"
      "titulo" => "La enfermedad de Von Hippel-Lindau y el papel del internista en las enfermedades raras"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "e59"
          "paginaFinal" => "e61"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Von Hippel-Lindau disease and the role of the internal medicine physician in rare diseases"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1233
              "Ancho" => 1500
              "Tamanyo" => 142967
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tomograf&#237;a axial computarizada abdominal&#46; Masa hipervascularizada en cuerpo de p&#225;ncreas&#46; Met&#225;stasis hep&#225;tica&#46; Esplenomegalia&#46; N&#243;dulo de aspecto maligno en ri&#241;&#243;n izquierdo con captaci&#243;n de contraste parcheada y heterog&#233;nea&#46; Peque&#241;os quistes simples en ri&#241;&#243;n derecho&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "D&#46; Etxeberria-Lekuona, J&#46;M&#46; Casas Fern&#225;ndez de Tejerina, I&#46; Zazpe, L&#46; Teijeira S&#225;nchez"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Etxeberria-Lekuona"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Casas Fern&#225;ndez de Tejerina"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Zazpe"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Teijeira S&#225;nchez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256511002633?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021200000008/v2_201302081133/S0014256511002633/v2_201302081133/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256512001828"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2012.03.022"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-09-01"
    "aid" => "605"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "dis"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2012;212:391-402"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2882
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 2501
        "PDF" => 381
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Actualizaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica</span>"
      "titulo" => "Novedades en la enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "391"
          "paginaFinal" => "402"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "News on venous thromboembolic disease"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 2236
              "Ancho" => 2083
              "Tamanyo" => 293865
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seguridad de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales en cirug&#237;a ortop&#233;dica mayor programada&#46; Fuente&#58; adaptada de Eriksson et al&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;I&#46; Arcelus, F&#46; Garc&#237;a-Bragado, D&#46; Jim&#233;nez, F&#46;S&#46; Lozano S&#225;nchez, R&#46; Lecumberri, P&#46; Rom&#225;n S&#225;nchez"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Arcelus"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Bragado"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Jim&#233;nez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Lozano S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Lecumberri"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rom&#225;n S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            6 => array:1 [
              "colaborador" => "en nombre del Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedad Tromboemb&#243;lica de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256512001828?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021200000008/v2_201302081133/S0014256512001828/v2_201302081133/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Possible clinical usefulness of embryonic stem cells"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "403"
        "paginaFinal" => "406"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Aznar, I&#46; G&#243;mez"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Aznar"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "justo&#46;aznar&#64;ucv&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "I&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Institute of Life Sciences Catholic&#44; University of Valencia&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Posible utilidad cl&#237;nica de las c&#233;lulas progenitoras embrionarias"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is little doubt about the importance that regenerative medicine has&#44; and above all will have&#44; in the XXI century&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> A basic instrument for the practice of regenerative medicine is the use of stem cells&#44; which as we know&#44; can be embryonic&#44; adult or derived from reprogrammed somatic cells&#44; so-called iPS cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In this exciting medical field&#44; no less exciting ethical debate is related to the advisability of using one of the three aforementioned cell types&#44; but with a particular focus on the therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells&#59; this is because a human embryo in its blastocyst phase must certainly be destroyed in order to obtain them&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> which in the opinion of many is not ethically acceptable&#46; In this regard&#44; we feel that it is of interest to mention the ruling by the Court of Justice of the European Union on 18 October 2011&#44; which covers article 6&#44; section 2c of Directive 98&#47;44&#47;CE of the European Parliament and the Council dated July 1998&#44; concerning the legal protection of biotechnological inventions&#46; This sentence defines the biological nature of human embryos&#44; stating&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">any human ovum&#44; must&#44; as soon as fertilised&#44; be regarded as a &#8216;human embryo&#8217;&#59; a non-fertilised human ovum into which the cell nucleus from a mature human cell has been transplanted and a non-fertilised human ovum whose division and further development have been stimulated by parthogenesis 5 must also be classified as a</span> &#8216;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">human embryo</span>&#8221;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#8217;&#46;</span></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some try to ignore the difficulty entailed in the use of embryonic stem cells&#44; claiming that the good of being able to use them for therapeutic purposes somehow counteracts this inherent ethical difficulty&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; before delving into this debate&#44; we need to ask&#44; &#8220;Are embryonic stem cells currently being used for therapeutic purposes&#44; or is this a semantic manipulation to try to facilitate their use ethically&#63;&#8221;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the aim of this short report&#59; we intend to ascertain the extent embryonic stem cells are currently used for therapeutic purposes&#44; i&#46;e&#46; whether there are any ongoing clinical trials with this particular objective&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If we go look at the website ClinicalTrials&#46;gov&#44; which is widely used when searching for data on ongoing clinical trials&#44; we can see that on 6th October&#44; there were 110&#44;468 ongoing clinical trials worldwide&#44; in 171 countries&#59; of these&#44; 3601 were using adult stem cells and 11 embryonic stem cells&#46; However&#44; the question&#44; is&#44; &#8220;are these 11 clinical trials actually aimed at evaluating the therapeutic capacity of embryonic stem cells&#63;&#8221;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To that end&#44; we analysed each of these eleven clinical trials in detail&#44; and found &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41; that only two of them &#40;nos&#46; 9 and 10&#41; are using embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes&#59; both are phase I trials&#44; and their objectives are focused on evaluating the safety and tolerability of cell transplant&#44; not its clinical efficacy&#44; which can only be known at the end of the clinical trial which is expected to last several years&#46; Another three trials &#40;nos&#46; 1&#44; 2 and 7&#41; are using embryonic stem cells&#44; but their purpose is experimental rather than clinical&#44; since in the first &#40;no&#46; 1&#41;&#44; the aim is to derive good quality embryonic stem cells&#44; so that in the future they may be useful for clinical purposes&#44; focusing specifically on not using animal products in the culture medium&#44; which will doubtless benefit their clinical use&#46; In the second &#40;no&#46; 2&#41;&#44; the objective is to derive stem cells from embryos with different diseases&#44; which would allow a deeper understanding of these conditions&#46; The third &#40;no&#46; 7&#41; seeks to identify factors which may contribute to the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to germ cells&#59; however&#44; in addition to the fact that this trial does not have a clinical purpose&#44; its direct objective is to assess the safety of the process only&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Three further studies &#40;nos&#46; 3&#44; 5 and 6&#41; use adult and not embryonic stem cells&#46; Indeed&#44; the first &#40;no&#46; 3&#41; uses mesenchymal or autologous bone marrow stem cells&#44; in order to facilitate cardiomyoplasty of a damaged ischaemic heart&#46; The second &#40;no&#46; 5&#41; compares the level of circulating adult stem cells between normal subjects and patients with heart failure&#44; to evaluate whether this has any significance in the evolution of the disease&#46; The third &#40;no&#46; 6&#41; compares the effect of autologous mesenchymal stem cells with the same type of allogeneic stem cells&#44; to determine their cardiomyoplastic efficacy in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease secondary to myocardial infarction&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another two studies &#40;8 and 11&#41; are using umbilical cord stem cells&#44; i&#46;e&#46; adult stem cells&#44; to evaluate their effect in patients with type 1 diabetes&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; the last study &#40;no&#46; 4&#41; is attempting to obtain iPS cells from the adult somatic cells of patients with neurological diseases&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of the above confirms that in the ClinicalTrials&#46;gov review that we mentioned&#44; only two trials &#40;nos&#46; 9 and 10&#41; that it includes are using embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes&#46; However&#44; as well as said report being erroneous in what it says&#44; it is incomplete&#44; as it does not include other currently ongoing clinical trials which are really using embryonic stem cells and which have a therapeutic objective&#46; Let us consider these latter trials&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On 23rd January 2009&#44; the North American Food and Drug Administration &#40;FDA&#41; gave the green light to the first clinical trial in the world conducted with embryonic stem cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It was aimed at the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury&#44; and was to include 11 patients who had suffered the cord injury no more than 15 days earlier&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In other words&#44; it was aimed at patients with a recent spinal cord injury&#46; At first it was reported that the trial might be concluded towards the end of 2011&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> however&#44; the first patient was not enrolled until March this year and the fourth was recruited right in the middle of last September&#44; so it will undoubtedly take a few more years before the outcome is known&#46; In any case&#44; it should be specified that the immediate aim of the trial is not therapeutic&#44; but rather is to assess whether the cell transplant has any negative effects&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On 14th July this year&#44; the North American company Advanced Cell Technology&#44; located in Marlborough&#44; MA&#44; announced that the FDA had authorised it to begin two clinical trials with embryonic stem cells in two groups of patients with ocular lesions&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> the first with Stargardt&#39;s macular dystrophy and the second with age-associated macular degeneration&#46; Stargardt&#39;s disease affects young people&#44; gradually leading to visual disorders&#44; which in adulthood may cause blindness due to degeneration of the epithelial pigment of the retina&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first trial proposes to enrol 12 patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> Two have been included to date&#44; and are being treated at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA&#59; they will have to be followed up for six weeks to ensure that the cell transplant is not accompanied by negative side effects&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second trial&#44; aimed at treating age-associated macular lesions&#44; a disease which likewise can lead to blindness&#44; also has an estimated enrolment of 12 patients&#44; with objectives similar to those in the previous trial&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; last 22nd September&#44; the news became public that the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency had authorised the first clinical trial with human embryonic stem cells outside the United States&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study is also aimed at patients with Stargardt&#39;s macular dystrophy and will be conducted at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London&#46; They also want to include 12 patients&#44; and are intending to treat the first one at the end of this year&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; to the best of our knowledge&#44; four clinical trials have been authorised so far to use human embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes&#59; only two of these are included in the ClinicalTrials&#46;gov review&#44; while the other two&#44; the study sponsored by Geron<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and the last one initiated by Advanced Cell Technology in the United Kingdom&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> are not&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We must add a further important consideration regarding the low therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells&#46; It involves Geron&#39;s withdrawal from stem cell research&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> after investing several hundred million dollars in the clinical trial which had been originally proposed by the company itself&#46; The company mentioned financial reasons&#44; namely low profitability of the research&#46; It is our view&#44; however&#44; that this move is due to the fact that no functional improvements have been observed in the four spinal cord patients who received stem cell transplants&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This brief review focuses the debate on the use of embryonic stem cells in human cell therapy&#44; since only three clinical trials are ongoing thus far&#44; with not all of them having begun to include patients&#44; and of course without any of them yet having obtained evaluable clinical results&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe that this shows the limited value of human embryonic stem cells in relation to cell therapy in humans&#44; as opposed to adult stem cells&#44; which as we know are already being used in more than 3000 clinical trials&#44; to which we must add those that use iPS cells&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; it should be noted that&#44; regardless of the four clinical trials initiated with human embryonic stem cells&#44; two major technical problems will first have to be solved in order to use them safely&#46; First human embryonic stem cells are&#44; although to a limited extent&#44; immunogens&#46; Stem cells are allogeneic biological material and the cells may create rejection problems&#46; Thus&#44; most probably patients who use this type of treatment will have to take immunosuppressive therapy for life&#46; The second problem is that&#44; due to their own lack of differentiation&#44; they have definite terathogenic potential&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> which is undoubtedly an obvious difficulty for use in humans&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The author have no conflict of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:6 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres16006"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18278"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres16005"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18279"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        5 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-01-25"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2012-05-14"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18278"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Embryonic stem cells"
            1 => "Clinical usefulness"
            2 => "Ethical aspects"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec18279"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "C&#233;lulas progenitoras &#40;madre&#41; embrionarias"
            1 => "Utilidad cl&#237;nica"
            2 => "Aspectos &#233;ticos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Are embryonic stem cells being used for therapeutic purposes&#63;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this short report is to review to what extent are embryonic stem cells currently used for therapeutic purposes&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge&#44; only four clinical trials have been authorised so far to use human embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes&#59; two of these are included in the ClinicalTrials&#46;gov data base&#44; and the other two&#44; the study sponsored by Geron and the last one initiated by Advanced Cell Technology in the United Kingdom&#44; are not&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">But&#44; in addition&#44; Geron withdrew the clinical trial which had been originally proposed by the company itself&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This brief review focuses the debate on the use of embryonic stem cells in human cell therapy&#46; To the best of our knowledge&#44; only three trials are ongoing with therapeutic purposes thus far&#44; with not all of them having begun to include patients&#44; and of course without any of them yet having obtained evaluable clinical results&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#191;Se est&#225;n usando las c&#233;lulas progenitoras embrionarias con objetivos terap&#233;uticos&#63;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este informe breve es revisar hasta qu&#233; punto las c&#233;lulas progenitoras embrionarias se utilizan en la actualidad con objetivos terap&#233;uticos&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hasta lo que mejor conocen los autores&#44; hasta la fecha s&#243;lo se han actualizado cuatro ensayos cl&#237;nicos para usar las c&#233;lulas progenitoras embrionarias humanas con objetivos terap&#233;uticos&#59; dos de estos se incluyen en la base de datos ClinicalTrials&#46;gov&#59; y los otros dos&#44; el estudio financiado por Geron y el &#250;ltimo iniciado por Advanced Cell Technology en el Reino Unido&#44; carecen de patrocinio&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; adem&#225;s&#44; Geron retir&#243; el ensayo cl&#237;nico propuesto originalmente por la propia empresa&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En esta breve revisi&#243;n se presta atenci&#243;n al debate sobre el uso de las c&#233;lulas progenitoras embrionarias en el tratamiento con c&#233;lulas humanas&#46; Hasta lo que conocen los autores&#44; hasta la fecha&#44; est&#225;n en curso tan s&#243;lo tres ensayos con objetivos terap&#233;uticos&#44; aunque no todos se han iniciado para incluir a pacientes&#44; y naturalmente ninguno de ellos ha obtenido todav&#237;a resultados cl&#237;nicos evaluables&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Essay number&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Date&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Title&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Institution&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Situation in which it is&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cell type used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Aim of the essay&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Is it a trial with embryonic stem cells and therapeutic purpose&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">July 2002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Derivation of new embryonic stem cell lines for clinical use&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hadassah Medical Organization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ongoing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obtaining cell lines from human embryos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">April 2004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obtaining human embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hadassah Medical Organization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ongoing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obtaining cell lines from human embryos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">August 2008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Using adult stem cells in myocardial infarction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Miami&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ongoing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Autologous adult stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Repair the damaged myocardium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">April 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obtaining iPS cells from patients with neurological diseases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hadassah Medical Organization&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ongoing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">iPS cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Deriving iPS cells from patients with neurological diseases&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">December 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluation of the number of circulating adult stem cells in cardiac patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Monash University&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adult stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the levels of circulating adult stem cells in cardiac patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">March 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluation of the effect of adult stem cells in myogenesis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">National Heart&#44; Lung and Blood Institute&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Progenitor cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the myogenic effect of adult stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">October 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Derivation of new embryonic stem cell lines&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Soroka University Medical Center&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Not yet started&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To study the factors that contribute to its development&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">September 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assessment of adult stem cells in type I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Illinois&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Umbilical cord blood&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assessment of effect in patients with type I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">April 2011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Evaluation of safety and tolerability of using embryonic stem cells in patients with macular degeneration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Advanced Cell Technology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assess the safety and tolerability in pacients with macular degeneration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">April 2011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">To evaluate the effect of embryonic stem cells in Statgadt disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Advanced Cell Technology&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embryonic stem cells&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assess the safety and tolerability in pacients with Statgardt disease&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">July 2011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assessment of adult stem cells in type I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Illinois&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Recruiting patients&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Umbilical cord blood&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Assessment of the effect in patients with type I diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab13249.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical usefulness of embryonic stem cells&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regenerative medicine &#8211; advancing health care 2020"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Terzic"
                            1 => "T&#46;J&#46; Nelson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.050"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "55"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2254"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2257"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466206"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The challenge of regenerative medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Trommelmans"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hastings Cent Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "26"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21155108"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Re evolutionary regenerative medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46;M&#46; Blau"
                            1 => "J&#46;H&#46; Pomerantz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jama.2010.1938"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "305"
                        "paginaInicial" => "87"
                        "paginaFinal" => "88"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177496"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Induction of pluripotent Stem Cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Takahashi"
                            1 => "S&#46; Yamanaka"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cell"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "663"
                        "paginaFinal" => "676"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16904174"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Court of Justice of the European Union&#46; A process which involves removal of a stem cell from a human embryo at the blastocyst stage&#44; entailing the destruction of that embryo&#44; cannot be patented&#46; Available from <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/court-justice/index_es.htm">http&#58;&#47;&#47;europa&#46;eu&#47;about-eu&#47;institutions-bodies&#47;court-justice&#47;index&#95;es&#46;htm</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Geron&#46; Receives FDA Clearance to begin world&#39;s first human clinical trial of embryonic stem cell-based therapy&#59; 2009&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.geron.com/media/pressview.aspx%3Fid=1148">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;geron&#46;com&#47;media&#47;pressview&#46;aspx&#63;id&#61;1148</a> &#91;accessed 29&#46;09&#46;09&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Human embryonic stem cells trial wins approval"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Wadman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat News"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Geron gets green light for human trial of ES cell-derived product"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Alper"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nbt0309-213a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Biotechnol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "214"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270655"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Advance cell technology starts human trials for embryonic stem cell under strict FDA Supervision BOSTON ARTICLE&#46; Xconomy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Weintraub"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "editorial" => "Massachusetts Clean Energy Center"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Dolgin E&#46; First embryonic stem cell trial approved outside the US Nature&#46;com&#46; Spoonful of Medicine &#91;posted 22 Sep 2011&#93;&#46; Available from <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://blogs.nature.com/spoonful/2011/09/first_exus_embryonic_stem_cell.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;blogs&#46;nature&#46;com&#47;spoonful&#47;2011&#47;09&#47;first&#95;exus&#95;embryonic&#95;stem&#95;cell&#46;html</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "Geron stops clinical&#44; trials with human embryonic stem cells"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nature"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "479"
                        "paginaInicial" => "272"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The tumorigenicity of human embryonic stem cells"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Blum"
                            1 => "N&#46; Benvenisty"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0065-230X(08)00005-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Adv Cancer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "100"
                        "paginaInicial" => "133"
                        "paginaFinal" => "158"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18620095"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/00142565/0000021200000008/v2_201302081133/S0014256512002470/v2_201302081133/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "1012"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Art&#237;culo especial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00142565/0000021200000008/v2_201302081133/S0014256512002470/v2_201302081133/en/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://revclinesp.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256512002470?idApp=WRCEE"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Special article
Possible clinical usefulness of embryonic stem cells
Posible utilidad clínica de las células progenitoras embrionarias
J. Aznar
Autor para correspondencia
justo.aznar@ucv.es

Corresponding author.
, I. Gómez
Institute of Life Sciences Catholic, University of Valencia, Spain

Comprar documento

Para la compra de este documento es necesario que rellene el siguiente formulario:

Afganistan
Albania
Alemania
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antartica
Antigua and barbuda
Antillas holandesas
Arabia saudita
Argelia
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgica
Belice
Benin
Bermudas/antillas britanicas
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia y herzegowina
Botswana
Brasil
Brunei darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina faso
Burundi
Cabo verde
Camboya
Camerun
Canada
Chad
Chile
China
Chipre
Colombia
Comoros
Corea
Costa rica
Cote d´ivoire
Croacia
Cuba
Dinamarca
Djibouti
Dominica
East timor
Ecuador
Egipto
El salvador
Emiratos arabes unidos
Eritrea
Escocia
Eslovaquia
Eslovenia
España
Estados federados de micronesia
Estados unidos
Estonia
Etiopia
Fiji
Filipinas
Finlandia
Francia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Gibraltar
Grecia
Grenada
Groenlandia
Guadalupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guayana britanica
Guinea
Guinea ecuatorial
Guinea francesa
Guinea-bissau
Haiti
Holanda
Honduras
Hong kong
Hungria
India
Indonesia
Irak
Iran
Irlanda
Isla bouvet
Isla cocos (keeling)
Isla cook
Isla mauricio
Isla navidad
Isla norfolk
Islandia
Islas caiman
Islas falkland (malvinas)
Islas faroe
Islas georgia del sur y sandwich
Islas heard and mc donald
Islas marshall
Islas northern mariana
Islas salomon
Islas svalbard and jan mayen
Islas turks and caicos
Islas united states minor outlyi
Islas virgenes (britanicas)
Islas virgenes (u.s.a.)
Islas wallis and futuna
Israel
Italia
Jamaica
Japon
Jordania
Kazakhstan
Kenia
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lesoto
Letonia
Libano
Liberia
Libia arab jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lituania
Luxemburgo
Macao
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malasia
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marruecos
Martinica
Mauritania
Mayotte
Mexico
Monaco
Mongolia
Monserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Noruega
Nueva caledonia
Nueva zelanda
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua new guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Pitcairn
Polinesia francesa
Polonia
Portugal
Posesiones gran bretaña
Posesiones u.s.a.
Puerto rico
Qatar
Reino unido
Republica checa
Republica de africa central
Republica de cabo verde
Republica de congo
Republica de corea
Republica de moldova
Republica democratica de laos
Republica democratica del congo
Republica dominicana
Reunion
Ruanda
Rumania
Rusia
Sahara occidental
Saint kitts and nevis
Samoa
Samoa americana
San marino
San tomas y principe
San vincent and the grenadines
Santa lucia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra leona
Singapur
Siria
Somalia
Sri lanka
St. helena
St. pierre and miquelon
Sudafrica
Sudan
Suecia
Suiza
Surinam
Swaziland
Tailandia
Taiwan republica de china
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Territorio de indias britanicas
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Turquia
Tuvalu
Ucrania
Uganda
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vaticano
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbawe
Lebanon
Paises bajos
A coruña
Alava
Albacete
Alicante
Almeria
Asturias
Avila
Badajoz
Balears
Barcelona
Bizkaia
Burgos
Caceres
Cadiz
Cantabria
Castellon
Ceuta
Ciudad real
Cordoba
Cuenca
Girona
Granada
Guadalajara
Guipuzcoa
Huelva
Huesca
Jaen
La rioja
Las palmas
Leon
Lleida
Lugo
Madrid
Malaga
Melilla
Murcia
Navarra
Ourense
Palencia
Pontevedra
Salamanca
Segovia
Sevilla
Soria
Tarragona
Tenerife
Teruel
Toledo
Valencia
Valladolid
Zamora
Zaragoza
-- No procede --
Deseo recibir información sobre productos y promociones especiales de Elsevier por correo electrónico
Deseo recibir información sobre productos y promociones especiales de los partners de Elsevier por correo electrónico
* Campos obligatorios
Además del acceso temporal al documento, este le será enviado por correo electrónico.
Atención al cliente
Teléfono
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde el extranjero
+34 932 415 960
Horario de 9 a 18h. excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h.
Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?