Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion: The Valdecilla Cohort

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González Bores, J.J. Napal Lecumberri, J.M. de la Torre Hernández, B. González-Mesones Galán, J.L. Hernández Hernández" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "González Bores" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "paula.gonzalezb@scsalud.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "Napal Lecumberri" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "de la Torre Hernández" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "González-Mesones Galán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.L." "apellidos" => "Hernández Hernández" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Fibrilación auricular no valvular y obstrucción venosa retiniana: la Cohorte Valdecilla" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionRetinal vein occlusion (RVO), previously called retinal vein thrombosis, is the second cause of vascular involvement in the retina and an important cause of vision loss. Depending on the location of the occlusion, it is classified as either central or peripheral, with the latter being three times more common<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a>.RVO is fundamentally related to aging and vascular risk factors (VRF), among which hypertension (HT) is of note due to its prevalence. Other pathogenic factors such as thrombophilia have been demonstrated to play a minor role in RVO and local factors, mainly glaucoma, favor the onset of central forms of RVO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–6</a>.In accordance with its pathogenesis, RVO is considered a manifestation of arteriosclerosis and has been related to an increase in vascular risk and incidence of ischemic stroke<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a>. Therefore, it has been suggested that RVO is a minor vascular event and thus, the recommendation of prolonged antiplatelet therapy, generally aspirin, can be considered for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with RVO with high or very high vascular risk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8,9</a>.On the other hand, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia and, like RVO, is associated with VRF and aging. Its treatment in order to prevent embolic phenomena, mainly stroke, is based on oral anticoagulation, a decision made in clinical practice based on embolic and bleeding risk estimated through validated scales such as CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10,11</a>. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), which are better tolerated and entail a lower risk of intracranial bleeding, are being used more and more in these patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10,12</a>.In regard to the relationship between RVO and NVAF, Christiansen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> found that in patients with NVAF who had had RVO, there was increased risk of stroke or systemic thromboembolism. Some works on small series of patients with RVO have suggested that in those with NVAF, vitamin K antagonists are not effective for preventing this disease. However, there are hardly any data on DOAC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">14–16</a>.Therefore, this work aims to analyze a) the prevalence of NVAF in patients with RVO and a group of control subjects from the general population; b) the differences in epidemiological, clinical, and additional test variables between patients with RVO with and without NVAF; and c) the differences in epidemiological, clinical, additional test, and treatment variables between patients with NVAF with or without RVO.MethodsStudy populationThis work prospectively studied all patients diagnosed with RVO by the ophthalmology department according to clinical, fundoscopic, and angiographic criteria from December 2008 to March 2020 who were referred to the internal medicine department and a control group of 343 subjects of similar age and sex who formed part of a population cohort in our geographical area (Camargo Cohort)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a>.The study was conducted at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital of Santander, a tertiary hospital that is the reference center for a population of 350,000 inhabitants. All patients were evaluated in the internal medicine clinic within ten days of being diagnosed with RVO.Regular patient follow-up was conducted according to routine clinical practice. Patients with congenital or acquired thrombophilia were attended to periodically in the clinic (at least once per year indefinitely). Among those without thrombophilia, follow-up in the clinic was carried out in-person up until VRF monitoring. After that point, it was carried out remotely at least once per year. All were examined remotely or in-person before the study in order to obtain clinical data.Patients’ VRF treatment was optimized according to current recommendations and antiplatelet therapy, generally with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 100mg, was indicated in patients with high or very high vascular risk unless there was a local or systemic contraindication. Anticoagulation was only considered in patients with NVAF or high thrombotic-risk thrombophilias (mainly antiphospholipid syndrome). A small part of the study of our cohort of patients with RVO and NVAF has been published in this journal, although it analyzed partial data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Cantabria and subjects gave their informed consent.Data collectionData were collected through a standardized questionnaire in a computer database. They included demographic (age and sex), clinical, laboratory, imaging, and electrocardiographic data.Clinical variablesThe clinical variables collected were: HT (greater than or equal to 140/90mmHg or antihypertensive treatment); diabetes mellitus (according to the American Diabetes Association criteria)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a>; dyslipidemia (defined as levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides in at least two measurements after a 12-h fasting period of >230mg/dL and >150mg/dL, respectively, or receiving lipid-lowering treatment); central or branch RVO; presence of NVAF (defined as AF without significant mitral stenosis or having a mechanical valve); presence of glaucoma; development of stroke, embolic phenomena, or myocardial infarction before and after RVO; type of anticoagulant indicated; and level of anticoagulation closest in time to the RVO (defined by the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in the case of acenocoumarol). Patients were followed-up on until May 2020.Laboratory parametersBlood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein after 12h of nighttime fasting. Routine biochemical parameters were measured using an ADVIA® 2400 autoanalyzer (Siemens). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a>Imaging test variablesA baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram was performed in all patients to verify the presence of atrial fibrillation or other potentially emboligenic arrhythmias. In most patients with RVO, a Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks was performed to evaluate the presence of atheromatous plaques and to quantify the degree of vascular stenosis (by means of a B mode and color and spectral Doppler ultrasound of the bilateral carotid and vertebral systems using a General Electric Logiq® model high-frequency linear probe). In patients with NVAF, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to estimate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Statistical analysisQuantitative variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation and qualitative variables were expressed as percentages. The former were analyzed using Student’s t test or the Mann–Whitney U test and the latter were analyzed using the Fisher test or chi-square test. The correlation between non-parametric variables was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. The IBM SPSS® Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 statistical package was used. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.ResultsBetween December 2008 and March 2020, 386 patients with RVO and a control group of 343 subjects were analyzed. The RVO was peripheral in 262 patients (67.9%; 256 temporal and 6 nasal) and central in 124 cases (32.1%). The RVO was a first episode in 368 patients (95.4%) and a relapse in 18 (4.6%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the demographic characteristics, VRF, and vascular events in patients with RVO and the population controls.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The prevalence of NVAF between cases and controls in an initial evaluation was similar: 8.2% (n=32, 28 of which were anticoagulated and with known disease and four diagnosed de novo) and 6.1% (n=21, 19 of the 20 were anticoagulated and with known disease and one diagnosed de novo), respectively (p=0.26). NVAF (considering cases and controls) was associated with age (rho=0.168; p<0.001), male sex (rho=0.09; p=0.012), HT (rho=0.129; p<0.0001), vascular events prior to the RVO diagnosis (rho=0.127; p=0.001), and carotid atheromatosis (rho=0.121; p=0.021). No correlation was found with dyslipidemia (rho=0.003, p=0.94) or diabetes (rho=0.045, p=0.23).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the baseline characteristics for demographic variables, the location of the occlusion (peripheral or central), classic VRF and history of vascular events (stroke, ischemic heart disease, peripheral ischemia), and carotid atheromatosis in patients with RVO with NVAF and the remaining patients with RVO.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>In the initial evaluation in the internal medicine clinic after the RVO, in addition to the 28 with known NVAF, four patients were diagnosed with NVAF de novo. Three were anticoagulated (two with apixaban and another with acenocoumarol) and anticoagulation was ruled out in the other due to presence of comorbidities (alcohol use disorder and chronic liver disease). Of the 20 control subjects with known NVAF, one did not receive anticoagulation because it was not indicated (CHA2DS2–VASc=0) and the remaining patient diagnosed de novo was not anticoagulated either (CHA2DS2–VASc=1).During follow-up on the cohorts, the incidence of de novo NVAF after the initial evaluation was similar in both groups: 7.9% (n=28) among the cases and 5.9% (n=19) among the controls (p=0.3). At the end of follow-up, 15.6% of the cases (n=60) and 11.7% of controls (n=40) presented with NVAF (p=0.12). A total of 8.5% (n=33) of cases and 6.7% (n=23) of controls died (p=0.35).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> compares subjects with NVAF who were initially anticoagulated with and without RVO in terms of the various variables studied. In the first group, the DOAC used were rivaroxaban (n=5), apixaban (n=4), and edoxaban (n=1). In patients with NVAF without RVO, the DOAC indicated were dabigatran (n=3), rivaroxaban (n=2), and apixaban (n=1). The mean score on the CHA2DS2–VASc scale in subjects with NVAF with RVO was 3 (2–4) and 2 (2–3) in the group with NVAF without RVO (p=0.24). Comparing anticoagulated NVAF patients with and without RVO, the only significant difference was the prevalence of glaucoma, which was greater in the group of patients with RVO.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>In the follow-up of patients with NVAF with and without RVO, no differences were observed in the onset of new vascular events (in the case of atherothrombotic stroke 2 (7.1%) vs. 2 (11.1%), p=0.62). One patient with NVAF had presented with RVO despite treatment with rivaroxaban and ASA.Of the 31 patients with NVAF and RVO anticoagulated before (n=28) or immediately after the RVO (n=3), none had embolic phenomena or RVO relapse during the follow-up period. None of the 19 control subjects anticoagulated due to NVAF at the time of inclusion in the study had embolic phenomena either.DiscussionRVO is fundamentally a consequence of VRF and aging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–6</a>. This patient series had a high prevalence of VRF among those with RVO, notable among which was hypertension, which is in line with what is reported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3–6,20</a>. In this series, NVAF is more frequent among patients with RVO than among the controls, although this finding was not statistically significant. In this regard, a meta-analysis by Kewchaoren et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">22</a> described a greater prevalence of NVAF in patients with RVO, with a significant association between RVO and NVAF (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 2.07–2.43).In a large Danish cohort, Christiansen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> observed an increase in the incidence of NVAF in subjects with RVO (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.15–2.0), though the result was lost upon correcting for VRF. On the other hand, Rim et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a> observed that RVO is an independent risk factor for the future onset of NVAF.Therefore, despite what is observed in the literature, patients with RVO in this series did not have a significantly greater prevalence of NVAF. This is probably the consequence of an insufficient number of cases for reaching significance, given the relatively low prevalence of NVAF.It was also observed in this study that NVAF is correlated with age, sex (male), hypertension, and vascular events and, in patients with RVO, with carotid atheromatosis, as has been reported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">21</a>. In this regard, it must be considered that in a percentage of patients, NVAF may be an indicator or manifestation of an increase in vascular stiffness, diffuse arteriosclerosis, and thus, vascular disease.Unlike what occurs in patients with RVO who are younger than 50 years (8.5% of cases), in whom thrombophilia has a greater pathogenic importance and VRF, arteriosclerosis, and NVAF incidence a lesser importance<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,6</a>, the importance of arteriosclerosis is emphasized more in older patients with NVAF and RVO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">25</a>.Various authors have observed a significant increase in vascular events in patients with RVO, mainly cerebrovascular accident<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130">26–28</a>. In fact, Park et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> state that this increase occurs after the first month of the RVO episode. Indeed, a great degree of similarity in the VRF profile of patients with RVO and patients with atherothrombotic stroke has been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a>. In line with the above, it is recommended to optimize control of classic VRF (HT, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia) in patients with RVO. Some authors have also suggested treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,16</a>. In regard to antithrombotic therapy for RVO, prolonged antiplatelet therapy, generally with aspirin, should be considered in patients with high or very high vascular risk. It is advisable to evaluate anticoagulation only on an individual basis, especially in patients who are carriers of high-risk thrombophilia (mainly antiphospholipid syndrome)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4,9,29</a>.In patients with NVAF with and without RVO, no differences were found in INR or the use of DOAC that would allow for explaining the onset of the vascular event during the follow-up period. In the largest cohort of patients with RVO studied in South Korea, Park et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> observed a greater incidence of RVO in patients with NVAF who took DOAC than in those who received treatment with warfarin (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.35–1.86), although the former had less bleeding (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75−0.98). Likewise, among anticoagulated patients with NVAF with and without RVO, no differences were observed in the prevalence of VRF or vascular events (stroke, ischemic heart disease, or peripheral ischemia), estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF, CHA2DS2–VASc, or the onset of a later vascular event. However, there were differences in the prevalence of glaucoma. This disease is a well-known risk factor for the onset of RVO, fundamentally in its central form<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a>.Four new cases of NVAF were able to be diagnosed in patients with RVO and one case was diagnosed among the controls during evaluation in the clinic. Callizo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> did not detect any new cases of NVAF on an ECG performed on 49 patients with RVO, but they did observe that the percentage of arrhythmias detected increased when a seven-day Holter study was performed. Therefore, they suggest using this device on all patients with RVO.Lastly, this work evaluated the relationship between anticoagulation and the onset of cardiovascular events and RVO recurrence. It was observed that anticoagulation with acenocoumarol or DOAC in patients in this series had not been effective in preventing RVO. In fact, in two patients with multiple VRF who developed NVAF, ASA was changed to DOAC and in both cases, RVO was observed in less than two weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a>. The combination of ASA and DOAC, which was taken by one patient, also did not prevent the development of RVO.Although the sample is too small to draw robust conclusions, the lack of efficacy of anticoagulation in preventing RVO may be due to the fact that RVO is not the consequence of embolic phenomena associated with NVAF, but rather the consequence of arteriosclerosis. However, anticoagulation in patients in this study with RVO was effective in preventing embolic stroke and peripheral embolism, as is amply supported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050">10,12,33,34</a>.Christiansen et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> found that in patients with NVAF who had had RVO, the risk of developing stroke or systemic thromboembolism was higher, which increased the need for anticoagulation in these patients. Given the apparent lack of efficacy of anticoagulation for preventing RVO in patients with NVAF and the lack of clinical trials in this context, combining anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy could be proposed, as in patients with ischemic heart disease and NVAF in whom percutaneous revascularization procedures have been performed. However, no studies support this or any other therapeutic strategy in these patients and it is difficult to evaluate if the benefit would outweigh the risk of bleeding<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a>.The limits of this study include the sample size of patients with NVAF in the context of RVO. However, it is a prospective study which includes all patients diagnosed with RVO in a healthcare district over a very long period of time (11 years) and compares them to a control group of a similar age and sex from the general population in the same geographical area.ConclusionsVRF are very prevalent in patients with RVO. Patients with RVO and NVAF are older and have higher rates of hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis than those who do not have NVAF. A greater prevalence of glaucoma was the only differentiating characteristic between anticoagulated patients with NVAF who presented with RVO and those who did not. This highlights its etiopathogenic role in this disease.Given the high prevalence of NVAF in the population, we suggest optimizing treatment of VRF and follow-up on glaucoma to prevent the onset of RVO in these patients.FundingThe Camargo Cohort study received funding from the Carlos III Institute of Health (PI18/00762; PI21/00532).Conflicts of interestThe authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2007175" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1719773" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2007174" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción y objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1719774" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Study population" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Data collection" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Clinical variables" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Laboratory parameters" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Imaging test variables" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-11-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1719773" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Retinal vein occlusion" 1 => "Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation" 2 => "Anticoagulation" 3 => "Glaucoma" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1719774" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Obstrucción venosa retiniana" 1 => "Fibrilación auricular no valvular" 2 => "Anticoagulación" 3 => "Glaucoma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Introduction and objectivesRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are associated with vascular risk factors (VRF) and aging. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in the prevalence of VRF, vascular events, glaucoma, and anticoagulant treatment in patients with NVAF and RVO compared to a control group of the general population from the same geographic area. MethodsThis is a prospective, single-center, case-control study. All patients diagnosed with RVO from December 2008 to March 2020 as well as a control group were included. Clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and carotid ultrasound variables were analyzed. ResultsA total of 386 patients with RVO and 343 controls were studied. Patients with RVO and NVAF were older and more of them had hypertension, a history of vascular events, and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF. In patients with NVAF who were on anticoagulants, those who had RVO differed from the controls with NVAF in that they had a higher prevalence of glaucoma (32 vs. 5.3%; p<0.034), with no significant differences regarding age, VRF, vascular events, or type of anticoagulant therapy (acenocumarol or direct-acting oral anticoagulants). ConclusionsPatients with RVO and NVAF were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF. Patients with NVAF and RVO had higher prevalence of glaucoma than subjects with NVAF without RVO. In patients with NVAF, it is recommended to optimized VRF treatment and glaucoma control to prevent the development of RVO." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Introducción y objetivosLa obstrucción venosa retiniana (OVR) y la fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) se relacionan con los factores de riesgo vascular (FRV) y con el envejecimiento. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las diferencias en la prevalencia de los FRV, de los eventos vasculares, del glaucoma y del tratamiento anticoagulante en los pacientes con FANV y OVR comparada con un grupo control de la población general de la misma área geográfica. MétodosEstudio prospectivo unicéntrico de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de OVR desde diciembre de 2008 hasta marzo de 2020, y un grupo control. Se analizaron variables clínicas, de laboratorio, electrocardiográficas y de ultrasonidos de carótida. ResultadosSe estudiaron 386 pacientes con OVR y 343 controles. Los pacientes con FANV y OVR eran de mayor edad, tenían más hipertensión, antecedente de eventos vasculares y ateromatosis carotídea que los sujetos con OVR sin FANV. En los pacientes con FANV anticoagulados, aquellos que tenían OVR, diferían de los controles con FANV en una mayor prevalencia de glaucoma (32 vs. 5,3%; p<0,034), sin hallarse diferencias significativas respecto a la edad, los FRV, los eventos vasculares o la terapia anticoagulante pautada (acenocumarol o anticoagulantes de acción directa). ConclusionesLos pacientes con OVR y FANV tienen mayor edad y mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, y ateromatosis carotídea que los que no tienen FANV. Aquellos con FANV y OVR difieren de los que no tienen OVR en la mayor incidencia de glaucoma. En los pacientes con FANV sugerimos optimizar el tratamiento de los FRV y el control del glaucoma para prevenir el desarrollo de la OVR." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Introducción y objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0045" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "SD: standard deviation; RVO: retinal vein occlusion." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RVO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Control \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=386 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=343 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years), mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67.9±12.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.5±8.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex, male/female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200/186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">161/182 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">278 (72.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">179 (52.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">254 (65.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">169 (49.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 (24.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (15.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stroke, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (6.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (3.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (6.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (6.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (2.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vascular events,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52 (13.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (9.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3333172.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Number of patients with at least one event prior to the RVO diagnosis (stroke, ischemic heart disease, peripheral ischemia)." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, and vascular events in patients with RVO and in population control subjects." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0050" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "SD: standard deviation; NVAF: nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; RVO: retinal vein occlusion." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RVO with NVAF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RVO without NVAF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=354 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years), mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.3±9.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67.3±13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex, male/female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 (71.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">177 (50.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.018 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RVO (peripheral/central), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (62.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">242 (68.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (93.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">248 (70.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (62.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">234 (66.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">82 (23.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stroke, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (9.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 (5.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (15.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (5.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (2.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vascular events,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">a</a> n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (28.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">43 (12.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.025 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Carotid atheromatosis, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (74.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">167 (50.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3333171.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "Number of patients with at least one event prior to the RVO diagnosis (stroke, ischemic heart disease, peripheral ischemia)." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Baseline characteristics of patients with RVO with and without NVAF." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0055" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "DOAC: direct oral anticoagulants; SD: standard deviation; NVAF: nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; INR: International Normalized Ratio; RVO: retinal vein occlusion." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">NVAF with RVO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">NVAF without RVO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n=19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years), mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">74.9±8.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.5±7.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex, male/female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 (71.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (52.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Hypertension, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (96.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (78.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (60.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (52.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (28.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (21.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min), mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.6±10.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69.7±11.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">LVEF (%), mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56±9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54±8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CHA2DS2–VASc>2, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (53.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (36.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Acenocoumarol, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (64.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (68.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">INR, mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.41±0.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.29±0.38 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DOAC, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (35.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (31.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Glaucoma, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (32.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (5.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.034 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stroke, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (10.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (10.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (17.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (26.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (7.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (10.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3333173.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of anticoagulated (acenocoumarol or DOAC) subjects with NVAF with and without RVO." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:34 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion pooled data from population studies from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Rogers" 1 => "R.L. Mcintosh" 2 => "N. Cheung" 3 => "L. Lim" 4 => "J.J. Wang" 5 => "P. Mitchell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "117" "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "319" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion: review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Laouri" 1 => "E. Chen" 2 => "M. Looman" 3 => "M. 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Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion: The Valdecilla Cohort

Fibrilación auricular no valvular y obstrucción venosa retiniana: la Cohorte Valdecilla

P. González Boresa,

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paula.gonzalezb@scsalud.es

Corresponding author.

, J.J. Napal Lecumberria, J.M. de la Torre Hernándezb, B. González-Mesones Galánc, J.L. Hernández Hernándeza,d

a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

b Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

c Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

d Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

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    "titulo" => "Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion&#58; The Valdecilla Cohort"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Retinal vein occlusion &#40;RVO&#41;&#44; previously called retinal vein thrombosis&#44; is the second cause of vascular involvement in the retina and an important cause of vision loss&#46; Depending on the location of the occlusion&#44; it is classified as either central or peripheral&#44; with the latter being three times more common<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RVO is fundamentally related to aging and vascular risk factors &#40;VRF&#41;&#44; among which hypertension &#40;HT&#41; is of note due to its prevalence&#46; Other pathogenic factors such as thrombophilia have been demonstrated to play a minor role in RVO and local factors&#44; mainly glaucoma&#44; favor the onset of central forms of RVO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In accordance with its pathogenesis&#44; RVO is considered a manifestation of arteriosclerosis and has been related to an increase in vascular risk and incidence of ischemic stroke<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Therefore&#44; it has been suggested that RVO is a minor vascular event and thus&#44; the recommendation of prolonged antiplatelet therapy&#44; generally aspirin&#44; can be considered for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with RVO with high or very high vascular risk<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; nonvalvular atrial fibrillation &#40;NVAF&#41; is the most prevalent arrhythmia and&#44; like RVO&#44; is associated with VRF and aging&#46; Its treatment in order to prevent embolic phenomena&#44; mainly stroke&#44; is based on oral anticoagulation&#44; a decision made in clinical practice based on embolic and bleeding risk estimated through validated scales such as CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-VASc and HAS-BLED<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46; Direct oral anticoagulants &#40;DOAC&#41;&#44; which are better tolerated and entail a lower risk of intracranial bleeding&#44; are being used more and more in these patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In regard to the relationship between RVO and NVAF&#44; Christiansen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> found that in patients with NVAF who had had RVO&#44; there was increased risk of stroke or systemic thromboembolism&#46; Some works on small series of patients with RVO have suggested that in those with NVAF&#44; vitamin K antagonists are not effective for preventing this disease&#46; However&#44; there are hardly any data on DOAC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; this work aims to analyze a&#41; the prevalence of NVAF in patients with RVO and a group of control subjects from the general population&#59; b&#41; the differences in epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; and additional test variables between patients with RVO with and without NVAF&#59; and c&#41; the differences in epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; additional test&#44; and treatment variables between patients with NVAF with or without RVO&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Study population</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This work prospectively studied all patients diagnosed with RVO by the ophthalmology department according to clinical&#44; fundoscopic&#44; and angiographic criteria from December 2008 to March 2020 who were referred to the internal medicine department and a control group of 343 subjects of similar age and sex who formed part of a population cohort in our geographical area &#40;Camargo Cohort&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was conducted at the Marqu&#233;s de Valdecilla University Hospital of Santander&#44; a tertiary hospital that is the reference center for a population of 350&#44;000 inhabitants&#46; All patients were evaluated in the internal medicine clinic within ten days of being diagnosed with RVO&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regular patient follow-up was conducted according to routine clinical practice&#46; Patients with congenital or acquired thrombophilia were attended to periodically in the clinic &#40;at least once per year indefinitely&#41;&#46; Among those without thrombophilia&#44; follow-up in the clinic was carried out in-person up until VRF monitoring&#46; After that point&#44; it was carried out remotely at least once per year&#46; All were examined remotely or in-person before the study in order to obtain clinical data&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients&#8217; VRF treatment was optimized according to current recommendations and antiplatelet therapy&#44; generally with acetylsalicylic acid &#40;ASA&#41; 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#44; was indicated in patients with high or very high vascular risk unless there was a local or systemic contraindication&#46; Anticoagulation was only considered in patients with NVAF or high thrombotic-risk thrombophilias &#40;mainly antiphospholipid syndrome&#41;&#46; A small part of the study of our cohort of patients with RVO and NVAF has been published in this journal&#44; although it analyzed partial data<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Cantabria and subjects gave their informed consent&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire in a computer database&#46; They included demographic &#40;age and sex&#41;&#44; clinical&#44; laboratory&#44; imaging&#44; and electrocardiographic data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Clinical variables</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical variables collected were&#58; HT &#40;greater than or equal to 140&#47;90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg or antihypertensive treatment&#41;&#59; diabetes mellitus &#40;according to the American Diabetes Association criteria&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#59; dyslipidemia &#40;defined as levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides in at least two measurements after a 12-h fasting period of &#62;230<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL and &#62;150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; respectively&#44; or receiving lipid-lowering treatment&#41;&#59; central or branch RVO&#59; presence of NVAF &#40;defined as AF without significant mitral stenosis or having a mechanical valve&#41;&#59; presence of glaucoma&#59; development of stroke&#44; embolic phenomena&#44; or myocardial infarction before and after RVO&#59; type of anticoagulant indicated&#59; and level of anticoagulation closest in time to the RVO &#40;defined by the International Normalized Ratio &#40;INR&#41; in the case of acenocoumarol&#41;&#46; Patients were followed-up on until May 2020&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Laboratory parameters</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein after 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of nighttime fasting&#46; Routine biochemical parameters were measured using an ADVIA&#174; 2400 autoanalyzer &#40;Siemens&#41;&#46; The estimated glomerular filtration rate &#40;eGFR&#41; was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Imaging test variables</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram was performed in all patients to verify the presence of atrial fibrillation or other potentially emboligenic arrhythmias&#46; In most patients with RVO&#44; a Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic trunks was performed to evaluate the presence of atheromatous plaques and to quantify the degree of vascular stenosis &#40;by means of a B mode and color and spectral Doppler ultrasound of the bilateral carotid and vertebral systems using a General Electric Logiq&#174; model high-frequency linear probe&#41;&#46; In patients with NVAF&#44; a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to estimate left ventricular ejection fraction &#40;LVEF&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative variables were expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation and qualitative variables were expressed as percentages&#46; The former were analyzed using Student&#8217;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test and the latter were analyzed using the Fisher test or chi-square test&#46; The correlation between non-parametric variables was analyzed using Spearman&#8217;s rank correlation coefficient&#46; Values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered significant&#46; The IBM SPSS&#174; Statistics for Windows&#44; Version 28&#46;0 statistical package was used&#46; Armonk&#44; NY&#58; IBM Corp&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Results</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Between December 2008 and March 2020&#44; 386 patients with RVO and a control group of 343 subjects were analyzed&#46; The RVO was peripheral in 262 patients &#40;67&#46;9&#37;&#59; 256 temporal and 6 nasal&#41; and central in 124 cases &#40;32&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; The RVO was a first episode in 368 patients &#40;95&#46;4&#37;&#41; and a relapse in 18 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the demographic characteristics&#44; VRF&#44; and vascular events in patients with RVO and the population controls&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of NVAF between cases and controls in an initial evaluation was similar&#58; 8&#46;2&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#44; 28 of which were anticoagulated and with known disease and four diagnosed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#41; and 6&#46;1&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#44; 19 of the 20 were anticoagulated and with known disease and one diagnosed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#41;&#44; respectively &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;26&#41;&#46; NVAF &#40;considering cases and controls&#41; was associated with age &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;168&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; male sex &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;09&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;012&#41;&#44; HT &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;129&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0001&#41;&#44; vascular events prior to the RVO diagnosis &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;127&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and carotid atheromatosis &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;121&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;021&#41;&#46; No correlation was found with dyslipidemia &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&#41; or diabetes &#40;rho<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;045&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;23&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the baseline characteristics for demographic variables&#44; the location of the occlusion &#40;peripheral or central&#41;&#44; classic VRF and history of vascular events &#40;stroke&#44; ischemic heart disease&#44; peripheral ischemia&#41;&#44; and carotid atheromatosis in patients with RVO with NVAF and the remaining patients with RVO&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the initial evaluation in the internal medicine clinic after the RVO&#44; in addition to the 28 with known NVAF&#44; four patients were diagnosed with NVAF <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#46; Three were anticoagulated &#40;two with apixaban and another with acenocoumarol&#41; and anticoagulation was ruled out in the other due to presence of comorbidities &#40;alcohol use disorder and chronic liver disease&#41;&#46; Of the 20 control subjects with known NVAF&#44; one did not receive anticoagulation because it was not indicated &#40;CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;VASc<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#41; and the remaining patient diagnosed <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> was not anticoagulated either &#40;CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;VASc<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During follow-up on the cohorts&#44; the incidence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> NVAF after the initial evaluation was similar in both groups&#58; 7&#46;9&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#41; among the cases and 5&#46;9&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#41; among the controls &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;3&#41;&#46; At the end of follow-up&#44; 15&#46;6&#37; of the cases &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41; and 11&#46;7&#37; of controls &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&#41; presented with NVAF &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;12&#41;&#46; A total of 8&#46;5&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>33&#41; of cases and 6&#46;7&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&#41; of controls died &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;35&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> compares subjects with NVAF who were initially anticoagulated with and without RVO in terms of the various variables studied&#46; In the first group&#44; the DOAC used were rivaroxaban &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&#44; apixaban &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#44; and edoxaban &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; In patients with NVAF without RVO&#44; the DOAC indicated were dabigatran &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&#44; rivaroxaban &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; and apixaban &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41;&#46; The mean score on the CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;VASc scale in subjects with NVAF with RVO was 3 &#40;2&#8211;4&#41; and 2 &#40;2&#8211;3&#41; in the group with NVAF without RVO &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&#41;&#46; Comparing anticoagulated NVAF patients with and without RVO&#44; the only significant difference was the prevalence of glaucoma&#44; which was greater in the group of patients with RVO&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the follow-up of patients with NVAF with and without RVO&#44; no differences were observed in the onset of new vascular events &#40;in the case of atherothrombotic stroke 2 &#40;7&#46;1&#37;&#41; vs&#46; 2 &#40;11&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;62&#41;&#46; One patient with NVAF had presented with RVO despite treatment with rivaroxaban and ASA&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 31 patients with NVAF and RVO anticoagulated before &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&#41; or immediately after the RVO &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&#44; none had embolic phenomena or RVO relapse during the follow-up period&#46; None of the 19 control subjects anticoagulated due to NVAF at the time of inclusion in the study had embolic phenomena either&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RVO is fundamentally a consequence of VRF and aging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a>&#46; This patient series had a high prevalence of VRF among those with RVO&#44; notable among which was hypertension&#44; which is in line with what is reported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6&#44;20</span></a>&#46; In this series&#44; NVAF is more frequent among patients with RVO than among the controls&#44; although this finding was not statistically significant&#46; In this regard&#44; a meta-analysis by Kewchaoren et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> described a greater prevalence of NVAF in patients with RVO&#44; with a significant association between RVO and NVAF &#40;OR&#58; 2&#46;24&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;07&#8211;2&#46;43&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a large Danish cohort&#44; Christiansen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> observed an increase in the incidence of NVAF in subjects with RVO &#40;HR&#58; 1&#46;52&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;15&#8211;2&#46;0&#41;&#44; though the result was lost upon correcting for VRF&#46; On the other hand&#44; Rim et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> observed that RVO is an independent risk factor for the future onset of NVAF&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; despite what is observed in the literature&#44; patients with RVO in this series did not have a significantly greater prevalence of NVAF&#46; This is probably the consequence of an insufficient number of cases for reaching significance&#44; given the relatively low prevalence of NVAF&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was also observed in this study that NVAF is correlated with age&#44; sex &#40;male&#41;&#44; hypertension&#44; and vascular events and&#44; in patients with RVO&#44; with carotid atheromatosis&#44; as has been reported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; In this regard&#44; it must be considered that in a percentage of patients&#44; NVAF may be an indicator or manifestation of an increase in vascular stiffness&#44; diffuse arteriosclerosis&#44; and thus&#44; vascular disease&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Unlike what occurs in patients with RVO who are younger than 50 years &#40;8&#46;5&#37; of cases&#41;&#44; in whom thrombophilia has a greater pathogenic importance and VRF&#44; arteriosclerosis&#44; and NVAF incidence a lesser importance<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6</span></a>&#44; the importance of arteriosclerosis is emphasized more in older patients with NVAF and RVO<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Various authors have observed a significant increase in vascular events in patients with RVO&#44; mainly cerebrovascular accident<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; In fact&#44; Park et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> state that this increase occurs after the first month of the RVO episode&#46; Indeed&#44; a great degree of similarity in the VRF profile of patients with RVO and patients with atherothrombotic stroke has been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; In line with the above&#44; it is recommended to optimize control of classic VRF &#40;HT&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; and dyslipidemia&#41; in patients with RVO&#46; Some authors have also suggested treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;16</span></a>&#46; In regard to antithrombotic therapy for RVO&#44; prolonged antiplatelet therapy&#44; generally with aspirin&#44; should be considered in patients with high or very high vascular risk&#46; It is advisable to evaluate anticoagulation only on an individual basis&#44; especially in patients who are carriers of high-risk thrombophilia &#40;mainly antiphospholipid syndrome&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;9&#44;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with NVAF with and without RVO&#44; no differences were found in INR or the use of DOAC that would allow for explaining the onset of the vascular event during the follow-up period&#46; In the largest cohort of patients with RVO studied in South Korea&#44; Park et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> observed a greater incidence of RVO in patients with NVAF who took DOAC than in those who received treatment with warfarin &#40;HR&#58; 1&#46;59&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;35&#8211;1&#46;86&#41;&#44; although the former had less bleeding &#40;HR&#58; 0&#46;86&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 0&#46;75&#8722;0&#46;98&#41;&#46; Likewise&#44; among anticoagulated patients with NVAF with and without RVO&#44; no differences were observed in the prevalence of VRF or vascular events &#40;stroke&#44; ischemic heart disease&#44; or peripheral ischemia&#41;&#44; estimated glomerular filtration rate&#44; LVEF&#44; CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;VASc&#44; or the onset of a later vascular event&#46; However&#44; there were differences in the prevalence of glaucoma&#46; This disease is a well-known risk factor for the onset of RVO&#44; fundamentally in its central form<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Four new cases of NVAF were able to be diagnosed in patients with RVO and one case was diagnosed among the controls during evaluation in the clinic&#46; Callizo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> did not detect any new cases of NVAF on an ECG performed on 49 patients with RVO&#44; but they did observe that the percentage of arrhythmias detected increased when a seven-day Holter study was performed&#46; Therefore&#44; they suggest using this device on all patients with RVO&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lastly&#44; this work evaluated the relationship between anticoagulation and the onset of cardiovascular events and RVO recurrence&#46; It was observed that anticoagulation with acenocoumarol or DOAC in patients in this series had not been effective in preventing RVO&#46; In fact&#44; in two patients with multiple VRF who developed NVAF&#44; ASA was changed to DOAC and in both cases&#44; RVO was observed in less than two weeks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; The combination of ASA and DOAC&#44; which was taken by one patient&#44; also did not prevent the development of RVO&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the sample is too small to draw robust conclusions&#44; the lack of efficacy of anticoagulation in preventing RVO may be due to the fact that RVO is not the consequence of embolic phenomena associated with NVAF&#44; but rather the consequence of arteriosclerosis&#46; However&#44; anticoagulation in patients in this study with RVO was effective in preventing embolic stroke and peripheral embolism&#44; as is amply supported in the literature<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;12&#44;33&#44;34</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Christiansen et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> found that in patients with NVAF who had had RVO&#44; the risk of developing stroke or systemic thromboembolism was higher&#44; which increased the need for anticoagulation in these patients&#46; Given the apparent lack of efficacy of anticoagulation for preventing RVO in patients with NVAF and the lack of clinical trials in this context&#44; combining anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy could be proposed&#44; as in patients with ischemic heart disease and NVAF in whom percutaneous revascularization procedures have been performed&#46; However&#44; no studies support this or any other therapeutic strategy in these patients and it is difficult to evaluate if the benefit would outweigh the risk of bleeding<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The limits of this study include the sample size of patients with NVAF in the context of RVO&#46; However&#44; it is a prospective study which includes all patients diagnosed with RVO in a healthcare district over a very long period of time &#40;11 years&#41; and compares them to a control group of a similar age and sex from the general population in the same geographical area&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conclusions</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">VRF are very prevalent in patients with RVO&#46; Patients with RVO and NVAF are older and have higher rates of hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis than those who do not have NVAF&#46; A greater prevalence of glaucoma was the only differentiating characteristic between anticoagulated patients with NVAF who presented with RVO and those who did not&#46; This highlights its etiopathogenic role in this disease&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Given the high prevalence of NVAF in the population&#44; we suggest optimizing treatment of VRF and follow-up on glaucoma to prevent the onset of RVO in these patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Funding</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Camargo Cohort study received funding from the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Carlos III Institute of Health</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs0005">PI18&#47;00762</span>&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs0005">PI21&#47;00532</span>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-21"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-11-15"
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            0 => "Retinal vein occlusion"
            1 => "Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation"
            2 => "Anticoagulation"
            3 => "Glaucoma"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
            1 => "Fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular"
            2 => "Anticoagulaci&#243;n"
            3 => "Glaucoma"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retinal vein occlusion &#40;RVO&#41; and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation &#40;NVAF&#41; are associated with vascular risk factors &#40;VRF&#41; and aging&#46; The aim of this study is to analyze differences in the prevalence of VRF&#44; vascular events&#44; glaucoma&#44; and anticoagulant treatment in patients with NVAF and RVO compared to a control group of the general population from the same geographic area&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is a prospective&#44; single-center&#44; case-control study&#46; All patients diagnosed with RVO from December 2008 to March 2020 as well as a control group were included&#46; Clinical&#44; laboratory&#44; electrocardiographic&#44; and carotid ultrasound variables were analyzed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 386 patients with RVO and 343 controls were studied&#46; Patients with RVO and NVAF were older and more of them had hypertension&#44; a history of vascular events&#44; and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF&#46; In patients with NVAF who were on anticoagulants&#44; those who had RVO differed from the controls with NVAF in that they had a higher prevalence of glaucoma &#40;32 vs&#46; 5&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;034&#41;&#44; with no significant differences regarding age&#44; VRF&#44; vascular events&#44; or type of anticoagulant therapy &#40;acenocumarol or direct-acting oral anticoagulants&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with RVO and NVAF were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and carotid atheromatosis than subjects with RVO without NVAF&#46; Patients with NVAF and RVO had higher prevalence of glaucoma than subjects with NVAF without RVO&#46; In patients with NVAF&#44; it is recommended to optimized VRF treatment and glaucoma control to prevent the development of RVO&#46;</p></span>"
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          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Introduction and objectives"
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          1 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Methods"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana &#40;OVR&#41; y la fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular &#40;FANV&#41; se relacionan con los factores de riesgo vascular &#40;FRV&#41; y con el envejecimiento&#46; Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las diferencias en la prevalencia de los FRV&#44; de los eventos vasculares&#44; del glaucoma y del tratamiento anticoagulante en los pacientes con FANV y OVR comparada con un grupo control de la poblaci&#243;n general de la misma &#225;rea geogr&#225;fica&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo unic&#233;ntrico de casos y controles&#46; Se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de OVR desde diciembre de 2008 hasta marzo de 2020&#44; y un grupo control&#46; Se analizaron variables cl&#237;nicas&#44; de laboratorio&#44; electrocardiogr&#225;ficas y de ultrasonidos de car&#243;tida&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 386 pacientes con OVR y 343 controles&#46; Los pacientes con FANV y OVR eran de mayor edad&#44; ten&#237;an m&#225;s hipertensi&#243;n&#44; antecedente de eventos vasculares y ateromatosis carot&#237;dea que los sujetos con OVR sin FANV&#46; En los pacientes con FANV anticoagulados&#44; aquellos que ten&#237;an OVR&#44; difer&#237;an de los controles con FANV en una mayor prevalencia de glaucoma &#40;32 vs&#46; 5&#44;3&#37;&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;034&#41;&#44; sin hallarse diferencias significativas respecto a la edad&#44; los FRV&#44; los eventos vasculares o la terapia anticoagulante pautada &#40;acenocumarol o anticoagulantes de acci&#243;n directa&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con OVR y FANV tienen mayor edad y mayor prevalencia de hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; y ateromatosis carot&#237;dea que los que no tienen FANV&#46; Aquellos con FANV y OVR difieren de los que no tienen OVR en la mayor incidencia de glaucoma&#46; En los pacientes con FANV sugerimos optimizar el tratamiento de los FRV y el control del glaucoma para prevenir el desarrollo de la OVR&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; RVO&#58; retinal vein occlusion&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Control&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>343&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&#44; male&#47;female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">200&#47;186&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">161&#47;182&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">278 &#40;72&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">179 &#40;52&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">254 &#40;65&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">169 &#40;49&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">93 &#40;24&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">53 &#40;15&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stroke&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;6&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;3&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;6&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;6&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular events&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;13&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;9&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">RVO with NVAF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>354&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">67&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&#44; male&#47;female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23 &#40;71&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">177 &#40;50&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;018&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RVO &#40;peripheral&#47;central&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">242 &#40;68&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">248 &#40;70&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">234 &#40;66&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;31&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">82 &#40;23&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stroke&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;9&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;15&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;6&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;2&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular events&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;28&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43 &#40;12&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;025&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Carotid atheromatosis&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;74&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">167 &#40;50&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics of patients with RVO with and without NVAF&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DOAC&#58; direct oral anticoagulants&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; NVAF&#58; nonvalvular atrial fibrillation&#59; LVEF&#58; left ventricular ejection fraction&#59; INR&#58; International Normalized Ratio&#59; RVO&#58; retinal vein occlusion&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">NVAF with RVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">NVAF without RVO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">74&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sex&#44; male&#47;female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;71&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;52&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hypertension&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;96&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;78&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dyslipidemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;60&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;52&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes mellitus&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;21&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Glomerular filtration rate &#40;mL&#47;min&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LVEF &#40;&#37;&#41;&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CHA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>DS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#8211;VASc<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;53&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;36&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Acenocoumarol&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;64&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;68&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">INR&#44; mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DOAC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;35&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;31&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Glaucoma&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;32&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Stroke&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;10&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Ischemic heart disease&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;17&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;26&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peripheral ischemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;10&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of anticoagulated &#40;acenocoumarol or DOAC&#41; subjects with NVAF with and without RVO&#46;</p>"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of retinal vein occlusion pooled data from population studies from the United States&#44; Europe&#44; Asia&#44; and Australia"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Rogers"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Mcintosh"
                            2 => "N&#46; Cheung"
                            3 => "L&#46; Lim"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Wang"
                            5 => "P&#46; Mitchell"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion&#58; review of the literature"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Laouri"
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                      "doi" => "10.1038/eye.2011.92"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trombofilia y factores de riesgo vascular en la obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal"
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                            2 => "J&#46; Ca&#241;al"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez"
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2013.01.012"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "The role of coagulation disorders in patients with retinal vein occlusion"
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal"
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                            4 => "S&#46; Ruiz"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/qjmed/hcv088"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusion&#58; a form of venous thrombosis or a complication of atherosclerosis&#63; A meta-analysis of thrombophilic factors"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46;H&#46; Janssen"
                            1 => "M&#46; Heijer"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46;M&#46; Cruysberg"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wollersheim"
                            4 => "S&#46;J&#46;H&#46; Bredie"
                          ]
                        ]
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Kuhli-Hattenbach"
                            1 => "I&#46; Scharrer"
                            2 => "M&#46; L&#252;chtenberg"
                            3 => "L&#46;-O&#46; Hattenbach"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH09-05-0331"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "299"
                        "paginaFinal" => "305"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association of retinal vein occlusion with cardiovascular events and mortality&#58; a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;Y&#46; Wu"
                            1 => "T&#46; Riangwiwat"
                            2 => "N&#46; Limpruttidham"
                            3 => "P&#46; Rattanawong"
                            4 => "R&#46;B&#46; Rosen"
                            5 => "A&#46; Deobhakta"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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Article information

ISSN: 22548874
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rceng.2022.11.005

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