Correspondence
The misnomer of ‘elderly’
La mala denominación de «anciano»
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Giner-Galvañ, M.L. Asensio-Tomás, D. Díez-Herrero, P. Wikman-Jorgensen" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Giner-Galvañ" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Asensio-Tomás" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Díez-Herrero" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." 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Ruiz-Cantero" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Ruiz-Cantero" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "aruizc@telefonica.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Serranía, Ronda, Málaga, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Grupo de Trabajo Paciente Pluripatológico y Edad Avanzada, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La mala denominación de «anciano»" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple scientific publications use the word “elderly” to describe a population group by their age. One such example is this journal, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Clínica Española</span>, in which this word is used in the title or content of 493 articles from January 2000 to September 2022.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is also used in our daily lives in the name of some institutions, such as ‘homes for the elderly’ or ‘elder care homes,’ and even in the medical records we write or comments made between professionals. It is also present when we address older people by interacting with them using child-like language (so-called ‘elderspeak’).</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean life expectancy at birth is 73 years, according to the most recent data from the World Bank<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in 2020. However, in some African countries, life expectancy is among the lowest in the world, such as the Central African Republic at 54 years or Lesotho, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone at 55 years. We know that life expectancy continues to increase in all countries and thus, an older adult in the early years of the 20th century would not be considered an older adult today, and even today, it depends on the country. In the case of Spain, life expectancy in 1960 was 69 years; in 2019, it was 84 years; in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was 82 years.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, there is no cut-off point for such a definition. What’s more, the term “elderly” is discriminative and derogatory, as described by Claudia Mahler, an Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> in the United Nations Human Rights Council A/HRC/48/53 of August 4, 2021: ageism is the set of “stereotypes, prejudice and/or discriminatory actions or practices against older persons that are based on their chronological age or on a perception that the person is ‘old’ (or ‘elderly’).”</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mahler also indicates that, “the term ‘elderly’ is often used to describe an older person, or older persons in general. However, the use of the term perpetuates ageist stereotypes about older persons, suggesting that they are frail and vulnerable and lack capacity… Ageism is based on the assumption that older persons are somehow lacking as a result of their age. The term ‘ageism’ was coined by Robert N. Butler, who described the phenomenon as the systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old, just as racism and sexism accomplish this with skin color and gender. Old people are categorized as senile, rigid in thought and manner, and old fashioned in morality and skills”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This same report states that during the pandemic, the vulnerability of older people’s human rights was evident and violations of said rights were made worse<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The World Health Organization’s world report on ageism<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> also states that language transmits meaning and that some words, such as “elderly,” (rather than “elderly person,” which should be used), “old,” or “senile” generate stereotypes that make one think that older people are always frail and dependent.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition, the term “adult person” is also used with certain frequency as something more subtle when the term “older person” should be used, as it is a neutral term. Indeed, the International Day of “Older Persons” is celebrated on October 1, according to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 45/106 of December 14, 1990.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1966, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Francis Peyton Rous (1879–1970) at 87 years of age; to date, he is the oldest recipient of the Nobel Prize.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, we should not discriminate against older people because in reality, we are discriminating against ourselves when we age. What’s more, the public must be educated so they know and recognize what ageism is and so they know it not only discriminates against older people, but also against young people or people of any other age group.</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For all of the above, I believe we should eliminate these words from both our day-to-day language and from the educational, professional, and scientific fields.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Wouldn’t it be marvelous if age were just a number?</span> Sir Muir Grey. 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