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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most studies on the subject conducted in standard practice agree that the percentage of patients with well-controlled asthma is low&#46; According to a number of studies&#44; a lack of good control can affect almost 80&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In addition to a poor quality of life&#44; this lack of control entails a greater risk of exacerbations&#44; increased asthma-related morbidity and mortality&#44; and increased healthcare expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> To counter this situation&#44; however&#44; there is an increasing availability of more effective and easier-to-follow treatments&#46; Therefore&#44; it can be stated unequivocally that achieving good control in a significant number of patients &#40;those with mild to moderate asthma and most of those with severe asthma&#41; is in the hands of the practitioners who treat them&#46; Another salient fact reported in a large portion of these studies is the low compliance with the clinical practice guidelines&#44; a situation that occurs in most countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> This lack of compliance is directly associated with poorer asthma control&#44; increased exacerbations and hospitalizations and greater overall asthma-related healthcare expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It is also known that therapeutic noncompliance with these guidelines is greater in primary care than specialized care<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;7</span></a> and can affect &#8220;frail&#8221; sectors of the population&#44; such as elderly patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> and&#44; paradoxically&#44; patients with moderate to severe asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> With these patients with severe asthma&#44; compliance with the guidelines should be more exhaustively recommended&#44; due to the more harmful implications that not complying with the guidelines can have on the patients&#8217; morbidity and mortality&#46; The study by Roman-Rodriguez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> highlights these circumstances And assesses the compliance with the recommendations of the Spanish asthma management guidelines &#40;GEMA 2009 and GEMA 2015&#41; by 314 primary care physicians who treated 2864 patients&#46; The results indicate a low rate of compliance with the 2 guidelines &#40;rates that were very similar for the two&#41;&#44; and the rates did not exceed a quarter of the practitioners&#46; There was&#44; however&#44; an increase in compliance compared with the 2003 guidelines&#46; This study also confirmed that one of the factors related to achieving good asthma control was complying with the recommendations included in these guidelines&#46; There was also a noteworthy discrepancy&#44; which has been indicated in other studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;11</span></a> between physician&#47;patient-perceived control and the actual control&#44; as well as a discrepancy between the practitioners&#8217; perception of their understanding and compliance with the guidelines &#40;high&#41; and their actual compliance &#40;low&#41;&#46; A false perception of one&#8217;s understanding of and compliance with the guidelines is far worse than not knowing the recommendations&#46; This &#8220;illusion&#8221; does not match the reality of clinical practice&#46; If practitioners did possess a good understanding of these guidelines then the use of clinical control tests&#44; the examinations required for diagnosing and following-up the disease and the education and treatment compliance strategies would be different&#46; It is important not only to understand the guidelines but also to truly implement the recommendations and integrate them into standard practice&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delving deeper into the question of what leads to this lack of compliance&#44; perhaps there is a lack of training regarding the recommendations of the guidelines and perhaps there is a lack of time&#44; training and means to perform examinations &#40;such as forced spirometry&#41; that are the basis for diagnosing and following-up patients with the disease&#46; Another related factor is the lack of trained nursing staff to support the implementation of these tests and for conducting patient follow-up&#46; Along with the physicians&#44; these nurses can participate in implementing education and medication compliance programs&#44; which are so important for achieving proper asthma control&#46; Another factor could be the lack of interest in asthma&#44; both by practitioners and healthcare administrations&#44; which results in asthma not being included as a priority chronic disease in the control objectives of healthcare units&#46; Primary care practitioners are under significant pressure to not only provide care but also provide care that is fast and of high-quality&#46; There are factors such as the lack of provisions for human resources in primary care&#44; the aging of practitioners &#40;whose replacement is hindered by the lack of specialists in family and community medicine&#41; and the precarious nature of employment&#44; with its high rate of temporary contracts and low wages&#44; which could be at the root of the lack of practitioners&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In short&#44; there is insufficient investment in primary care by most healthcare administrations of Spain&#8217;s autonomous communities&#46; Spain also has on average fewer nursing professionals than neighboring countries&#44; which complicates their effective involvement in asthma education and follow-up programs&#46; In light of this problem&#44; we need to call on the proven professionalism of healthcare agents and demand improvements from the government&#46; Currently&#44; there are numerous initiatives in Spain that have been launched by the scientific societies involved in improving the coordination among the various practitioners involved in treating asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;15</span></a> These initiatives will hopefully enhance compliance with the asthma guidelines and thereby improve asthma control&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many poorly controlled diseases urgently need new and effective therapies to be developed&#46; It is regrettable that for a chronic disease such as asthma&#44; for which good control can be achieved for most patients with the currently available therapies&#44; the studies in standard practice still indicate negative results and that the morbidity and mortality of asthma in Spain are still increasing&#46; Together&#44; the government and healthcare practitioners can change these results by at least decidedly supporting the initiatives developed by professionals&#46; As with the previous version &#40;GEMA 4&#46;4&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> the new version of the GEMA guidelines &#40;GEMA 5&#46;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> will include an ambitious dissemination&#44; implementation and assessment program&#46; It is hoped that all of these efforts underway will definitively improve the control of this disease&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our professional ethics and especially our patients demand this of us&#44; a mission that is definitely possible&#46;</p></span>"
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Editorial
Asthma control and adherence to clinical practice guidelines: mission impossible?
Control del asma y seguimiento de las guías de práctica clínica: ¿misión imposible?
F.J. Alvarez-Gutiérrez
Unidad de Asma, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (UMQER), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most studies on the subject conducted in standard practice agree that the percentage of patients with well-controlled asthma is low&#46; According to a number of studies&#44; a lack of good control can affect almost 80&#37; of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In addition to a poor quality of life&#44; this lack of control entails a greater risk of exacerbations&#44; increased asthma-related morbidity and mortality&#44; and increased healthcare expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> To counter this situation&#44; however&#44; there is an increasing availability of more effective and easier-to-follow treatments&#46; Therefore&#44; it can be stated unequivocally that achieving good control in a significant number of patients &#40;those with mild to moderate asthma and most of those with severe asthma&#41; is in the hands of the practitioners who treat them&#46; Another salient fact reported in a large portion of these studies is the low compliance with the clinical practice guidelines&#44; a situation that occurs in most countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> This lack of compliance is directly associated with poorer asthma control&#44; increased exacerbations and hospitalizations and greater overall asthma-related healthcare expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> It is also known that therapeutic noncompliance with these guidelines is greater in primary care than specialized care<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4&#44;7</span></a> and can affect &#8220;frail&#8221; sectors of the population&#44; such as elderly patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> and&#44; paradoxically&#44; patients with moderate to severe asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> With these patients with severe asthma&#44; compliance with the guidelines should be more exhaustively recommended&#44; due to the more harmful implications that not complying with the guidelines can have on the patients&#8217; morbidity and mortality&#46; The study by Roman-Rodriguez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> highlights these circumstances And assesses the compliance with the recommendations of the Spanish asthma management guidelines &#40;GEMA 2009 and GEMA 2015&#41; by 314 primary care physicians who treated 2864 patients&#46; The results indicate a low rate of compliance with the 2 guidelines &#40;rates that were very similar for the two&#41;&#44; and the rates did not exceed a quarter of the practitioners&#46; There was&#44; however&#44; an increase in compliance compared with the 2003 guidelines&#46; This study also confirmed that one of the factors related to achieving good asthma control was complying with the recommendations included in these guidelines&#46; There was also a noteworthy discrepancy&#44; which has been indicated in other studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;11</span></a> between physician&#47;patient-perceived control and the actual control&#44; as well as a discrepancy between the practitioners&#8217; perception of their understanding and compliance with the guidelines &#40;high&#41; and their actual compliance &#40;low&#41;&#46; A false perception of one&#8217;s understanding of and compliance with the guidelines is far worse than not knowing the recommendations&#46; This &#8220;illusion&#8221; does not match the reality of clinical practice&#46; If practitioners did possess a good understanding of these guidelines then the use of clinical control tests&#44; the examinations required for diagnosing and following-up the disease and the education and treatment compliance strategies would be different&#46; It is important not only to understand the guidelines but also to truly implement the recommendations and integrate them into standard practice&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Delving deeper into the question of what leads to this lack of compliance&#44; perhaps there is a lack of training regarding the recommendations of the guidelines and perhaps there is a lack of time&#44; training and means to perform examinations &#40;such as forced spirometry&#41; that are the basis for diagnosing and following-up patients with the disease&#46; Another related factor is the lack of trained nursing staff to support the implementation of these tests and for conducting patient follow-up&#46; Along with the physicians&#44; these nurses can participate in implementing education and medication compliance programs&#44; which are so important for achieving proper asthma control&#46; Another factor could be the lack of interest in asthma&#44; both by practitioners and healthcare administrations&#44; which results in asthma not being included as a priority chronic disease in the control objectives of healthcare units&#46; Primary care practitioners are under significant pressure to not only provide care but also provide care that is fast and of high-quality&#46; There are factors such as the lack of provisions for human resources in primary care&#44; the aging of practitioners &#40;whose replacement is hindered by the lack of specialists in family and community medicine&#41; and the precarious nature of employment&#44; with its high rate of temporary contracts and low wages&#44; which could be at the root of the lack of practitioners&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In short&#44; there is insufficient investment in primary care by most healthcare administrations of Spain&#8217;s autonomous communities&#46; Spain also has on average fewer nursing professionals than neighboring countries&#44; which complicates their effective involvement in asthma education and follow-up programs&#46; In light of this problem&#44; we need to call on the proven professionalism of healthcare agents and demand improvements from the government&#46; Currently&#44; there are numerous initiatives in Spain that have been launched by the scientific societies involved in improving the coordination among the various practitioners involved in treating asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;15</span></a> These initiatives will hopefully enhance compliance with the asthma guidelines and thereby improve asthma control&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many poorly controlled diseases urgently need new and effective therapies to be developed&#46; It is regrettable that for a chronic disease such as asthma&#44; for which good control can be achieved for most patients with the currently available therapies&#44; the studies in standard practice still indicate negative results and that the morbidity and mortality of asthma in Spain are still increasing&#46; Together&#44; the government and healthcare practitioners can change these results by at least decidedly supporting the initiatives developed by professionals&#46; As with the previous version &#40;GEMA 4&#46;4&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> the new version of the GEMA guidelines &#40;GEMA 5&#46;0&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> will include an ambitious dissemination&#44; implementation and assessment program&#46; It is hoped that all of these efforts underway will definitively improve the control of this disease&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our professional ethics and especially our patients demand this of us&#44; a mission that is definitely possible&#46;</p></span>"
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