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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute heart failure &#40;AHF&#41; is defined as the rapid onset or worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure&#46; AHF can present as the first manifestation of heart failure &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#41; or&#44; more typically&#44; as the consequence of an acute decompensation of chronic heart failure and can be caused by a primary cardiac dysfunction or triggered by extrinsic factors&#44; more commonly in patients with chronic heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> AHF is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency assessment and treatment and typically entails hospitalization&#46; In Spain&#44; AHF is the leading cause of hospitalization for individuals older than 65 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> although 24&#37; of patients with AHF are discharged from hospital emergency departments without requiring hospitalization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this issue of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Cl&#237;nica Espa&#241;ola</span>&#44; Garc&#237;a&#44; Sarasola et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> present the results of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> Acute Heart Failure study &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insuficiencia Cardiaca Aguda de novo&#44;</span> NOVICA&#41;&#44; a secondary and retrospective analysis of the Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Departments &#40;EAHFE&#41; registry&#44; a multicenter&#44; multipurpose&#44; analytical&#44; noninterventional registry&#44; with a prospective follow-up that consecutively included all patients treated for AHF in 34 Spanish hospital emergency departments&#46; This study included 8647 patients from EAHFE-1 &#40;2007&#41; to EAHFE-4 &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> for which the variable &#8220;first episode of AHF or HF decompensation in patients with a previous AHF episode&#8221; was available&#46; The patients were differentiated between de novo acute heart failure &#40;NOAHF&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3288&#41; and acute decompensated heart failure &#40;ADHF&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5359&#41;&#46; Patients were considered to have NOAHF if they had an initial decompensated AHF that required emergency care&#46; The study&#8217;s primary objective was two-fold&#58; 1&#41; to report the clinical characteristics and conduct with the patients treated in the hospital emergency departments for NOAHF and compare them with those who were treated for ADHF and 2&#41; to assess the prognosis of the patients with NOAHF compared with that of the patients with ADHF in terms of survival &#40;hospital&#44; at 30 days and at 12 months&#41; and emergency department readmission for AHF 30 after the discharge&#46; In terms of the results&#44; NOAHF was associated with lower comorbidity&#44; better baseline condition&#44; lesser severity of the acute episode and lower hospitalization rate&#46; The patients with NOAHF were more often admitted to the cardiology departments or intensive care units than those with ADHF&#44; who were more often managed in short-stay units&#46; Rates of raw mortality at 30 days and 12 months and readmission at 30 days were lower for the patients with NOAHF&#46; In the adjusted analysis&#44; however&#44; only the rate of readmission at 30 days was lower for NOAHF &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The epidemiology and risk factors of AHF have merited the attention of various registries &#40;ADHERE&#44; OPTIMIZE-HF&#44; EHFS I AND II&#44; ESC-HF and ALARM-HF&#44; among others&#41;&#46; These registries have observed data similar to that found in NOVICA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> given that the mean age at presentation was approximately 70 years&#44; with approximately 50&#37; women&#44; arterial hypertension being the most common comorbidity and with a proportion of patients with ADHF of 65&#8211;75&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An important point is that the pathophysiology and profile of patients with NOAHF are different from those of patients with ADHF&#46; NOAHF usually presents as acute pulmonary edema within a sudden increase in intracardiac filling pressure and&#47;or in the presence of acute myocardial dysfunction&#46; ADHF presents as the result of chronic neurohormonal deregulation&#44; which leads to the onset of congestive signs and symptoms in patients with already known cardiomyopathy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Patients with ADHF are also older&#44; with a higher proportion of women and a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As in previous studies&#44; the raw mortality in NOVICA for the patients with ADHF was higher than that for those with NOAHF&#44; due in part to the fact that patients with ADHF are in a more advanced stage of disease&#46; However&#44; the weight of a history of heart failure varies from one study to another&#46; For example&#44; the FINN-AKVA registry analyzed 620 patients with AHF and found that a history of heart failure was an independent predictor of mortality at 5 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In the EHFS II registry&#44; which included 2981 patients with AHF&#44; the factors independently associated with increased mortality were age&#44; previous myocardial infarction&#44; serum creatinine and hyponatremia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The main finding of NOVICA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> is that all-cause mortality during the year following the emergency department visit was similar for the patients with ADHF and for those with NOAHF&#44; when the analysis was performed adjusted to the baseline characteristics and those of the acute episode&#46; Unfortunately&#44; we do not have the causes of death &#40;cardiac vs&#46; non-cardiac&#41;&#44; whose analysis would have been very interesting&#46; One of the reasons that could have contributed to these results and a strength of NOVICA is that it provides a holistic view of the problem&#44; because it includes all patients who were admitted to an emergency department for AHF&#44; while most registries that compare both forms of the AHF presentation have an approach limited to patients hospitalized in certain medical departments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors openly recognized 2&#8239;obvious limitations of the registry&#58; exclusion of patients with acute coronary syndrome and the lack of the sample size calculation&#44; given that this was a secondary analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; NOVICA once more demonstrates that AHF is an entity with a somber prognosis&#46; We therefore need to continue researching strategies&#44; both pharmacological and organizational&#44; that can contribute to preventing episodes of decompensation&#46;</p></span>"
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Editorial
De novo or acutely decompensated heart failure: the 2 sides of the coin
Insuficiencia cardiaca de novo o agudamente descompensada: las 2 caras de la moneda
B. Díaz-Molinaa,b, P. Avanzasa,b,c,
Corresponding author
avanzas@secardiologia.es

Corresponding author.
a Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute heart failure &#40;AHF&#41; is defined as the rapid onset or worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure&#46; AHF can present as the first manifestation of heart failure &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span>&#41; or&#44; more typically&#44; as the consequence of an acute decompensation of chronic heart failure and can be caused by a primary cardiac dysfunction or triggered by extrinsic factors&#44; more commonly in patients with chronic heart failure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> AHF is a life-threatening condition that requires emergency assessment and treatment and typically entails hospitalization&#46; In Spain&#44; AHF is the leading cause of hospitalization for individuals older than 65 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> although 24&#37; of patients with AHF are discharged from hospital emergency departments without requiring hospitalization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this issue of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Revista Cl&#237;nica Espa&#241;ola</span>&#44; Garc&#237;a&#44; Sarasola et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> present the results of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> Acute Heart Failure study &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Insuficiencia Cardiaca Aguda de novo&#44;</span> NOVICA&#41;&#44; a secondary and retrospective analysis of the Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Departments &#40;EAHFE&#41; registry&#44; a multicenter&#44; multipurpose&#44; analytical&#44; noninterventional registry&#44; with a prospective follow-up that consecutively included all patients treated for AHF in 34 Spanish hospital emergency departments&#46; This study included 8647 patients from EAHFE-1 &#40;2007&#41; to EAHFE-4 &#40;2014&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> for which the variable &#8220;first episode of AHF or HF decompensation in patients with a previous AHF episode&#8221; was available&#46; The patients were differentiated between de novo acute heart failure &#40;NOAHF&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3288&#41; and acute decompensated heart failure &#40;ADHF&#44; n&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5359&#41;&#46; Patients were considered to have NOAHF if they had an initial decompensated AHF that required emergency care&#46; The study&#8217;s primary objective was two-fold&#58; 1&#41; to report the clinical characteristics and conduct with the patients treated in the hospital emergency departments for NOAHF and compare them with those who were treated for ADHF and 2&#41; to assess the prognosis of the patients with NOAHF compared with that of the patients with ADHF in terms of survival &#40;hospital&#44; at 30 days and at 12 months&#41; and emergency department readmission for AHF 30 after the discharge&#46; In terms of the results&#44; NOAHF was associated with lower comorbidity&#44; better baseline condition&#44; lesser severity of the acute episode and lower hospitalization rate&#46; The patients with NOAHF were more often admitted to the cardiology departments or intensive care units than those with ADHF&#44; who were more often managed in short-stay units&#46; Rates of raw mortality at 30 days and 12 months and readmission at 30 days were lower for the patients with NOAHF&#46; In the adjusted analysis&#44; however&#44; only the rate of readmission at 30 days was lower for NOAHF &#40;p&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The epidemiology and risk factors of AHF have merited the attention of various registries &#40;ADHERE&#44; OPTIMIZE-HF&#44; EHFS I AND II&#44; ESC-HF and ALARM-HF&#44; among others&#41;&#46; These registries have observed data similar to that found in NOVICA&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> given that the mean age at presentation was approximately 70 years&#44; with approximately 50&#37; women&#44; arterial hypertension being the most common comorbidity and with a proportion of patients with ADHF of 65&#8211;75&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An important point is that the pathophysiology and profile of patients with NOAHF are different from those of patients with ADHF&#46; NOAHF usually presents as acute pulmonary edema within a sudden increase in intracardiac filling pressure and&#47;or in the presence of acute myocardial dysfunction&#46; ADHF presents as the result of chronic neurohormonal deregulation&#44; which leads to the onset of congestive signs and symptoms in patients with already known cardiomyopathy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Patients with ADHF are also older&#44; with a higher proportion of women and a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As in previous studies&#44; the raw mortality in NOVICA for the patients with ADHF was higher than that for those with NOAHF&#44; due in part to the fact that patients with ADHF are in a more advanced stage of disease&#46; However&#44; the weight of a history of heart failure varies from one study to another&#46; For example&#44; the FINN-AKVA registry analyzed 620 patients with AHF and found that a history of heart failure was an independent predictor of mortality at 5 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In the EHFS II registry&#44; which included 2981 patients with AHF&#44; the factors independently associated with increased mortality were age&#44; previous myocardial infarction&#44; serum creatinine and hyponatremia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The main finding of NOVICA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> is that all-cause mortality during the year following the emergency department visit was similar for the patients with ADHF and for those with NOAHF&#44; when the analysis was performed adjusted to the baseline characteristics and those of the acute episode&#46; Unfortunately&#44; we do not have the causes of death &#40;cardiac vs&#46; non-cardiac&#41;&#44; whose analysis would have been very interesting&#46; One of the reasons that could have contributed to these results and a strength of NOVICA is that it provides a holistic view of the problem&#44; because it includes all patients who were admitted to an emergency department for AHF&#44; while most registries that compare both forms of the AHF presentation have an approach limited to patients hospitalized in certain medical departments&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors openly recognized 2&#8239;obvious limitations of the registry&#58; exclusion of patients with acute coronary syndrome and the lack of the sample size calculation&#44; given that this was a secondary analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; NOVICA once more demonstrates that AHF is an entity with a somber prognosis&#46; We therefore need to continue researching strategies&#44; both pharmacological and organizational&#44; that can contribute to preventing episodes of decompensation&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; D&#237;az-Molina B&#44; Avanzas P&#46; Insuficiencia cardiaca <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">de novo</span> o agudamente descompensada&#58; las 2 caras de la moneda&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2019&#59;219&#58;490&#8211;491&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 22548874
Original language: English
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