Multidimensional intervention to improve the short-term prognosis of frail elderly patients discharged from a short-stay unit: A quasiexperimental study

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Fernández Alonso, M. Fuentes Ferrer, M.I. Jiménez Santana, L. Fernández Hernández, M. de la Cruz García, J. González del Castillo, J.J. González Armengol, P. Gil Gregorio, E. Calvo Manuel, F.J. Martín-Sánchez" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Fernández Alonso" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Fuentes Ferrer" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.I." "apellidos" => "Jiménez Santana" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Fernández Hernández" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "de la Cruz García" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "González del Castillo" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.J." "apellidos" => "González Armengol" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Gil Gregorio" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Calvo Manuel" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." 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Alonso, M.F. Ferrer, M.I.J. Santana, L.F. Hernández, M. de la Cruz García, J.G. del Castillo, J.J.G. Armengol, P.G. Gregorio, E.C. Manuel, F.J. Martín-Sánchez" "autores" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C.F." "apellidos" => "Alonso" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.F." "apellidos" => "Ferrer" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.I.J." "apellidos" => "Santana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L.F." "apellidos" => "Hernández" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." 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Abbreviation: ISAR, Identification of Seniors at Risk." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "BackgroundUnder strict diagnostic and treatment protocols, short-stay units (SSUs) admit patients whose stay is shorter than 72h.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">1</a> The patients are generally elderly and experience infectious processes or exacerbated chronic diseases. These units have shown good results in terms of safety and efficacy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">2–4</a>Elderly patients are associated with more complications, greater consumption of resources, more readmissions, more visits to the emergency department and greater institutionalization and death after discharge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180">5,6</a> However, the simple term “elderly” does not help us identify the population at high risk of adverse results. This identification has improved with the introduction of the concept of frailty and the state of vulnerability in an individual.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">7</a>The assessment of patients in the SSU is usually one-dimensional and focused on the clinical process that caused the hospitalization.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195">8,9</a> The screening of frailty using the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) tool has shown to be useful for predicting the adverse results in the short term among elderly patients hospitalized in a SSU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205">10,11</a> An increasing number of authors therefore recommend this screening and the implementation of an abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment (aCGA) if a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) cannot be performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">12–15</a> The aim is to identify elderly patients at risk of poor results, as well as to design an individualized care plan according to the affected domains.The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a multidimensional intervention on the short-term prognosis of elderly frail patients discharged from an SSU.Material and methodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted after implementing a pilot intervention program for elderly frail patients discharged from the SSU of Clinic Hospital San Carlos between January and December 2016. The comparison group was a historical control cohort. The study was approved by the center's research ethics committee, and all patients or their representatives consented in writing to participate in the study (C.I. 14/003-E).The Clinic Hospital San Carlos is a tertiary university center that treats a reference population of 500,000 individuals of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. The SSU has 20 beds, with 2 physicians on duty during the morning shift (8:00am–3:00pm) on weekdays and 1 physician on call during afternoon and night shifts on weekdays and 24h on weekends and holidays. There were no changes in terms of human resources or structure during the various study periods.The inclusion criteria for the intervention group (IG) were an age 75 years or older, a total ISAR score ≥2, no institutionalization and a discharge to the patient's home from the SSU on a weekday. The maximum ISAR score was 6 points, resulting from the sum of 6 dichotomous items scored as either 0 or 1, based on answering in the affirmative to the following self-referred questions: needing regular assistance for daily life activities before the acute process, need for more assistance after the acute process, sensory deficit, cognitive impairment, hospitalization in the past 6 months and consumption of 3 or more drugs. We excluded patients who were admitted to a support center, home hospitalization program or palliative care program, those who could not be located during the follow-up and those who declined to participate.The control group (CG) consisted of patients from a previously published study,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">10</a> which consecutively included all patients 75 years or older discharged to their homes on a weekday from the same care unit over 2 months of 2013. For the present study, we selected those patients who met the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria for the IG.The intervention consisted of the attending physician implementing an individualized care plan consisting of the activation of resources based on the problems detected in the aCGA as well as through coordination with primary care. The aCGA lasted approximately 15min and was performed by a research physician on weekdays during the morning shift (8:00am–3:00pm).The implemented actions were performed according to the affected domains: (1) clinical (scheduling an appointment with a physician within the first 7 days after discharge and detecting and changing potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to the criteria of the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment); (2) nutritional (interconsultation with nutrition specialist and start of energy-protein supplements if needed); (3) functional (scheduling an appointment with the rehabilitation department or geriatrics occupational therapist for potentially reversible acute functional impairment); (4) cognitive (scheduling an appointment with the neurologist or geriatrics specialist and start of psychoactive drugs if needed); and (5) social (intervention by social worker with information and management of new social resources if needed). The nurse liaison contacted primary care to ensure early continuity of care after the discharge of complex chronic patients.We recorded the type of intervention performed in the IG and collected demographic data (age and sex) and the reason for admission (cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, infectious or other). We performed an aCGA that included the degree of comorbidity according to the Charlson index (severe if >3), polypharmacy (≥5 drugs), risk of malnutrition according to the abbreviated version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment, baseline functional state and at admission according to the Barthel index (severe dependence if <60 points), presence of acute confusional syndrome according to the Confusion Assessment Method or, in its absence, the presence of probable cognitive impairment according to the 6-Item Screener scale or probable mood disorder according to the 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220">13,14</a> We recorded the social variable “living alone” or “with someone who cannot care for them” from joining the 2 items of the social-familial assessment of the abbreviated Gijon Scale.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">14</a>The resulting variable was defined as the presence of an adverse result at 30 days of discharge from the SSU. This variable included death or hospital readmission for any cause or severe functional impairment (defined as the presence of severe functional dependence not present before the index visit). This information was obtained during a telephone call by a researcher who was unaware of the intervention conducted.Statistical analysisWe calculated a sample size of 130 patients to have a minimum power of 80% when detecting a relative reduction of 50% or more in the primary endpoint, starting with an adverse events rate of 30% in the control group. The qualitative variables are listed with their absolute and relative frequency distributions, and the quantitative variables are listed with their mean and deviation standard or median and interquartile range when their distribution was not normal. We compared the clinical characteristics of the 2 study groups. For the analysis of the qualitative variables, we employed the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, when more than 25% of the observed data were less than 5. For the quantitative variables, we used Student's t-test if they followed a normal distribution or the Mann–Whitney U test for an asymmetric distribution. We assessed the gross and adjusted effect of the result of the multidimensional intervention on the onset of an adverse result using a logistic regression model. To calculate the adjusted effect, we inserted into the model those variables that presented a significance level p<.10 in the comparison between the 2 groups or that were clinically relevant. The measures of effect are shown as relative risk along with their 95% confidence interval. We accepted a p-value<0.05 as statistically significant. The data processing and analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 statistical software (StataCorp LP, TX, US).ResultsWe included 137 (62.8%) patients in the IG (mean age, 84.4 years [5.7]), 86 (62.8%) of whom were women and included 81 (37.2%) patients in the CG (mean age, 81 years [5.9]), 48 (59.3%) of whom were women (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics of each group. The IG patients were older and more frequently had polypharmacy. The CG patients had greater comorbidity and severe dependence and more often lived alone or with someone who could not care for them. The length of stay in the SSU did not differ between the two groups.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In the IG, a clinical intervention was conducted on 131 (95.6%) patients (detection and change of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in 54 cases [39.4%] and scheduling of an appointment with the attending physician after discharge within 7 days in 120 cases [87.6%]). A nutritional intervention was conducted in 19 (13.9%) cases, a functional intervention was conducted in 21 (15.3%) cases; a cognitive intervention was conducted in 27 (19.7%) cases; a social intervention was conducted in 37 (27.0%) cases; and an intervention with the nursing liaison was conducted for 46 (33.6%) patients. An intervention was performed on only 1 domain in 73 (53.5%) patients, on 2 domains in 41 (29.9%), on 3 domains in 14 (10.2%), on 4 domains in 7 (5.1%) and on 5 domains in 2 (1.5%) patients.Eighteen (13.1%) patients in the IG and 29 (35.8%) in the CG presented an adverse event within 30 days of the discharge. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results of the univariate analysis between the 2 groups regarding adverse results in the short term, overall and individualized. The number of interventions was not significantly associated with the endpoint (linear tendency p=0.997).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>After performing the multivariate analysis, adjusted for possible confounding factors (age, high degree of comorbidity, polypharmacy, severe dependence at admission and living alone or with someone who could not care for them), we observed that the multidimensional assessment had a protective effect on the onset of an adverse event within 30 days of a discharge from an SSU (adjusted relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI 0.23–0.68; p=.001). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a> shows the gross and adjusted effect of each intervention on the primary endpoint.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThe present study shows the effectiveness in the short-term results (23% absolute reduction in risk) of a multidimensional intervention that is easily applied to frail elderly patients discharged from an SSU.The implementation of a CGA during hospital admission helps increase survival and the ability to remain at home at 1 year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">16</a> The CGA is usually performed by a team composed of a geriatrician, nurse, occupational therapist and social worker, which entails a high consumption of time and human resources and, could therefore hinder its routine implementation in an SSU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">3–5</a> Various strategies have been explored, which are easier than the CGA, to improve continuity of care for discharged elderly patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215">12–14</a> Given the limited number of available studies and the heterogeneity of the interventions, a recent meta-analysis could not establish recommendations different from those for standard care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">17</a> The strategies for ensuring continuity of care vary and include telephone follow-up, contact with the family doctor, various types of support (e.g., home visit 24h after the discharge) and follow-up by the attending physician.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">17</a> Studies with positives results share the implementation of a geriatric assessment, generally performed by nursing, the formulation of a care plan and contact with the primary care physician.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">18–21</a> In our study, the aCGA was performed by a resident medical researcher, the care plan was formulated by the attending physicians, and coordination with the community was the responsibility of the nursing liaison and social worker.A novel aspect of this study was the analysis of the intervention's overall effect and its effect according to the most affected domains. We documented the importance of the clinical and social intervention and that of the nursing liaison. Previous studies have shown that the presence of one or more potentially inappropriate prescriptions is associated with adverse results and that the incorporation of a pharmacist can reduce medication-related problems in elderly patients hospitalized in an SSU.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265">22,23</a> Studies have documented that those responsible for hospital care report the discharge to the family doctor in fewer than half of the cases, leaving this responsibility in the hands of the patient.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">24</a> A number of studies have revealed the positive effect of the social intervention and that of the nurse liaison on the patient's prognosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280">25,26</a>It should be noted that our intervention was performed exclusively in a patient group of 75 years of age or older, selected according to the ISAR scale. The cutoff of ≥2 on the ISAR scale has shown greater sensitivity when detecting patients at high risk of adverse results and selects the patient group that can achieve greater benefits from the CGA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">27,28</a> The intervention studies that included exclusively high-risk elderly patients were the ones that achieved positive results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">20,21,28</a> It therefore seems logical to perform a 2-step assessment: first, a screening of high-risk elderly patients and, second, an aCGA and intervention for those previously identified as high risk. The incorporation of this strategy is not associated with a longer hospital stay. This fact could facilitate the performance of the intervention during hospitalization and not, as proposed by other authors, after discharge.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">19,29,30</a>This study had various limitations. First, the study was conducted at a single center. Second, the study's design presented the potential risk of a Hawthorne effect (change in behavior among the study researchers).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">31</a> Third, there was a potential selection bias in the IG from performing an opportunity sampling, rather than a consecutive sampling as was performed for the CG. However, this difference might have been minimized because the endpoint was adjusted by all variables that differed between the 2 groups. Fourth, the care plan was established at the physician's discretion according to the affected domains but without establishing predetermined objective criteria, which could hinder its standardization. Fifth, the intervention was limited to the activation of resources without ensuring a degree of compliance. Sixth, we could not perform an analysis according to the process that motivated the admission, given the limited sample size. We could not therefore establish which of these processes benefited most from this type of intervention. Seventh, the follow-up at 30 days was by telephone; therefore, the follow-up of the functional state was reported by the patient or main caregiver. Lastly, the study selected high-risk patients 75 years of age or older discharged from an SSU. The results are therefore not extrapolatable to other population groups.In conclusion, the implementation of an individualized care plan for frail elderly patients, based on the activation of resources according to the deficiencies detected after an aCGA and in conjunction with primary care, could improve the prognosis at 30 days of discharge from an SSU.FundingThe present study was made possible in part thanks to grants PI15/00773 of the Carlos III Health Institute from funds from the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1022752" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980838" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1022751" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980837" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack345341" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-01" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-01-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980838" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Elderly at risk" 1 => "Intervention" 2 => "Short-stay unit" 3 => "30-day adverse outcome" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980837" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Anciano de riesgo" 1 => "Intervención" 2 => "Unidad de corta estancia" 3 => "Resultado adverso a 30 días" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectiveTo study the effect of a multidimensional intervention on the prognosis at 30 days for frail elderly patients discharged from a short-stay unit. Material and methodA quasiexperimental study was conducted with a historical control cohort. We included frail patients (Identification of Seniors at Risk score ≥2) 75 years of age or older, discharged from a short-stay unit over 2 months in 2013 (control group) and in 2016 (intervention group). An intervention was conducted based on the activation of resources, based on the deficiencies detected after an abbreviated geriatric assessment, in conjunction with Primary Care. The main endpoint was the presence of an adverse result (death or readmission for any cause or severe functional impairment) at 30 days of discharge. ResultsWe included 137 (62.8%) patients in the intervention group and 81 (37.2%) in the control group. Eighteen (13.1%) patients in the intervention group and 29 (35.8%) in the control group presented an adverse event at 30 days. A multivariate analysis showed that the implementation of a multidimensional intervention was a protective factor for presenting an adverse event at 30 days of discharge (adjusted RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23–0.68; p=.001). ConclusionsThe implementation of an individual care plan for frail elderly patients, based on the activation of resources according to the deficiencies detected after an abbreviated geriatric assessment and in conjunction with Primary Care, could improve the results at 30 days of discharge from an short-stay unit." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "ObjetivoEstudiar el efecto de una intervención multidimensional en el pronóstico a 30 días en los ancianos frágiles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia. Material y métodoEstudio cuasiexperimental con una cohorte de control histórica. Se incluyeron pacientes frágiles (Identification of Senior at Risk≥2), de≥75 años, dados de alta desde la unidad de corta estancia durante 2 meses en 2013 (grupo control) y un año (2016; grupo de intervención). Se realizó una intervención basada en la activación de recursos, en función de los déficits detectados tras una valoración geriátrica abreviada, más la coordinación con Atención Primaria. La variable de resultado principal fue la presencia de algún resultado adverso (muerte o reingreso por cualquier causa o deterioro funcional grave) a los 30 días del alta. ResultadosSe incluyeron 137 (62,8%) pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 81 (37,2%) en el control. Dieciocho (13,1%) pacientes en el grupo de intervención y 29 (35,8%) en el control presentaron algún evento adverso a los 30 días. Tras un análisis multivariable, se demostró que la realización de una intervención multidimensional fue un factor de protección para la presentación de algún evento adverso a los 30 días tras el alta (RR ajustado 0,40; IC 95% 0,23-0,68; p=0,001). ConclusionesLa realización de un plan de atención individualizado, basado en la activación de recursos, en función de los déficits detectados tras una valoración geriátrica abreviada, y la coordinación con Atención Primaria, entre los pacientes ancianos frágiles podría mejorar los resultados a los 30 días tras el alta desde una UCE." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Alonso CF, Ferrer MF, Santana MI, Hernández LF, García M, Castillo JG, et al. Intervención multidimensional que mejora el pronóstico a corto plazo entre los ancianos frágiles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia: estudio cuasiexperimental. Rev Clin Esp. 2018;218:163–169." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1490 "Ancho" => 2250 "Tamanyo" => 256955 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flow diagram of the patients included in the study. Abbreviation: ISAR, Identification of Seniors at Risk." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1112 "Ancho" => 2140 "Tamanyo" => 168286 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Gross and adjusted effect of each of the interventions on the variable “some adverse result at 30 days of discharge from a short-stay unit”. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk. *Adjusted for age, high comorbidity, polypharmacy, severe dependence on admission (Barthel index <60 points) and living alone or with someone who cannot care for them." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ISAR, Identification of Seniors at Risk; MNA, mini nutritional assessment; NS, not statistically significant; SD, standard deviation; SSU, short-stay unit." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group (n=81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention Group (n=137) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mean age, years (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81.8 (5.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">84.4 (5.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Female, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 (59.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">86 (62.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">ISAR score, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (42.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 (35.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20 (24.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38 (27.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (25.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39 (28.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6 (7.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (8.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Primary diagnosis, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiorespiratory \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27 (19.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gastrointestinal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (30.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37 (27.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Infectious \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (16.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 (19.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Others \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (30.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 (33.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">High comorbidity (Charlson index ≥3), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64 (79.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">81 (59.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Polypharmacy (no. of drugs >5), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50 (61.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">108 (78.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.006 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Risk of malnutrition (abbreviated MNA), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71 (51.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Severe dependence (Barthel index <60), n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Baseline \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (17.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (7.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Admission \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 (28.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 (16.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Dementia or probable cognitive impairment, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34 (42.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63 (46.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depression or probable mood disorder, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 (40.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 (40.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Acute confusional syndrome, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (8.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">NS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Living alone or with someone who cannot care for them, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">23 (28.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21 (15.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.020 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Median stay in the SSU, days (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (1–2.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (1–2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">.176 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1738096.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of the clinical characteristics according to study group." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group (n=81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention group (n=137) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">RR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Some adverse result at 30 days, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52 (64.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">119 (86.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.22–0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">29 (35.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (13.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Overall mortality at 30 days, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">77 (95.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">136 (99.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02–1.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.065 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (4.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (0.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Overall readmission at 30 days, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63 (77.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">123 (89.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.24–0.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">.016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 (10.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top">Severe functional impairment at 30 days, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">63 (77.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">130 (96.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.06–0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (22.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (3.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1738097.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Univariate analysis of the results at 30 days of discharge from a short-stay unit." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Unidad Médica de Corta Estancia, una alternativa a la hospitalización convencional" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. 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Multidimensional intervention to improve the short-term prognosis of frail elderly patients discharged from a short-stay unit: A quasiexperimental study

Intervención multidimensional que mejora el pronóstico a corto plazo entre los ancianos frágiles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia: estudio cuasiexperimental

C.F. Alonsoa,b, M.F. Ferrerc, M.I.J. Santanaa, L.F. Hernándeza, M. de la Cruz Garcíaa, J.G. del Castilloa,b, J.J.G. Armengola,b, P.G. Gregoriob,d, E.C. Manuelb,e, F.J. Martín-Sáncheza,b,

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fjjms@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

a Servicio de Urgencias, Unidad de Corta Estancia, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

c Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital San Carlos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Madrid, Spain

d Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

e Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain

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        "titulo" => "Intervenci&#243;n multidimensional que mejora el pron&#243;stico a corto plazo entre los ancianos fr&#225;giles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia&#58; estudio cuasiexperimental"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of the patients included in the study&#46; Abbreviation&#58; ISAR&#44; Identification of Seniors at Risk&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Background</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Under strict diagnostic and treatment protocols&#44; short-stay units &#40;SSUs&#41; admit patients whose stay is shorter than 72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The patients are generally elderly and experience infectious processes or exacerbated chronic diseases&#46; These units have shown good results in terms of safety and efficacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Elderly patients are associated with more complications&#44; greater consumption of resources&#44; more readmissions&#44; more visits to the emergency department and greater institutionalization and death after discharge&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> However&#44; the simple term &#8220;elderly&#8221; does not help us identify the population at high risk of adverse results&#46; This identification has improved with the introduction of the concept of frailty and the state of vulnerability in an individual&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The assessment of patients in the SSU is usually one-dimensional and focused on the clinical process that caused the hospitalization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> The screening of frailty using the Identification of Seniors at Risk &#40;ISAR&#41; tool has shown to be useful for predicting the adverse results in the short term among elderly patients hospitalized in a SSU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a> An increasing number of authors therefore recommend this screening and the implementation of an abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment &#40;aCGA&#41; if a comprehensive geriatric assessment &#40;CGA&#41; cannot be performed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;15</span></a> The aim is to identify elderly patients at risk of poor results&#44; as well as to design an individualized care plan according to the affected domains&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a multidimensional intervention on the short-term prognosis of elderly frail patients discharged from an SSU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A quasi-experimental study was conducted after implementing a pilot intervention program for elderly frail patients discharged from the SSU of Clinic Hospital San Carlos between January and December 2016&#46; The comparison group was a historical control cohort&#46; The study was approved by the center&#39;s research ethics committee&#44; and all patients or their representatives consented in writing to participate in the study &#40;C&#46;I&#46; 14&#47;003-E&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Clinic Hospital San Carlos is a tertiary university center that treats a reference population of 500&#44;000 individuals of the Autonomous Community of Madrid&#46; The SSU has 20 beds&#44; with 2 physicians on duty during the morning shift &#40;8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>am&#8211;3&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pm&#41; on weekdays and 1 physician on call during afternoon and night shifts on weekdays and 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h on weekends and holidays&#46; There were no changes in terms of human resources or structure during the various study periods&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria for the intervention group &#40;IG&#41; were an age 75 years or older&#44; a total ISAR score &#8805;2&#44; no institutionalization and a discharge to the patient&#39;s home from the SSU on a weekday&#46; The maximum ISAR score was 6 points&#44; resulting from the sum of 6 dichotomous items scored as either 0 or 1&#44; based on answering in the affirmative to the following self-referred questions&#58; needing regular assistance for daily life activities before the acute process&#44; need for more assistance after the acute process&#44; sensory deficit&#44; cognitive impairment&#44; hospitalization in the past 6 months and consumption of 3 or more drugs&#46; We excluded patients who were admitted to a support center&#44; home hospitalization program or palliative care program&#44; those who could not be located during the follow-up and those who declined to participate&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The control group &#40;CG&#41; consisted of patients from a previously published study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> which consecutively included all patients 75 years or older discharged to their homes on a weekday from the same care unit over 2 months of 2013&#46; For the present study&#44; we selected those patients who met the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria for the IG&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The intervention consisted of the attending physician implementing an individualized care plan consisting of the activation of resources based on the problems detected in the aCGA as well as through coordination with primary care&#46; The aCGA lasted approximately 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and was performed by a research physician on weekdays during the morning shift &#40;8&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>am&#8211;3&#58;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pm&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The implemented actions were performed according to the affected domains&#58; &#40;1&#41; clinical &#40;scheduling an appointment with a physician within the first 7 days after discharge and detecting and changing potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to the criteria of the Screening Tool of Older Person&#39;s Prescriptions and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; nutritional &#40;interconsultation with nutrition specialist and start of energy-protein supplements if needed&#41;&#59; &#40;3&#41; functional &#40;scheduling an appointment with the rehabilitation department or geriatrics occupational therapist for potentially reversible acute functional impairment&#41;&#59; &#40;4&#41; cognitive &#40;scheduling an appointment with the neurologist or geriatrics specialist and start of psychoactive drugs if needed&#41;&#59; and &#40;5&#41; social &#40;intervention by social worker with information and management of new social resources if needed&#41;&#46; The nurse liaison contacted primary care to ensure early continuity of care after the discharge of complex chronic patients&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We recorded the type of intervention performed in the IG and collected demographic data &#40;age and sex&#41; and the reason for admission &#40;cardiopulmonary&#44; gastrointestinal&#44; infectious or other&#41;&#46; We performed an aCGA that included the degree of comorbidity according to the Charlson index &#40;severe if &#62;3&#41;&#44; polypharmacy &#40;&#8805;5 drugs&#41;&#44; risk of malnutrition according to the abbreviated version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment&#44; baseline functional state and at admission according to the Barthel index &#40;severe dependence if &#60;60 points&#41;&#44; presence of acute confusional syndrome according to the Confusion Assessment Method or&#44; in its absence&#44; the presence of probable cognitive impairment according to the 6-Item Screener scale or probable mood disorder according to the 5-Item Geriatric Depression Scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a> We recorded the social variable &#8220;living alone&#8221; or &#8220;with someone who cannot care for them&#8221; from joining the 2 items of the social-familial assessment of the abbreviated Gijon Scale&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The resulting variable was defined as the presence of an adverse result at 30 days of discharge from the SSU&#46; This variable included death or hospital readmission for any cause or severe functional impairment &#40;defined as the presence of severe functional dependence not present before the index visit&#41;&#46; This information was obtained during a telephone call by a researcher who was unaware of the intervention conducted&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We calculated a sample size of 130 patients to have a minimum power of 80&#37; when detecting a relative reduction of 50&#37; or more in the primary endpoint&#44; starting with an adverse events rate of 30&#37; in the control group&#46; The qualitative variables are listed with their absolute and relative frequency distributions&#44; and the quantitative variables are listed with their mean and deviation standard or median and interquartile range when their distribution was not normal&#46; We compared the clinical characteristics of the 2 study groups&#46; For the analysis of the qualitative variables&#44; we employed the chi-squared test or Fisher&#39;s exact test&#44; when more than 25&#37; of the observed data were less than 5&#46; For the quantitative variables&#44; we used Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test if they followed a normal distribution or the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test for an asymmetric distribution&#46; We assessed the gross and adjusted effect of the result of the multidimensional intervention on the onset of an adverse result using a logistic regression model&#46; To calculate the adjusted effect&#44; we inserted into the model those variables that presented a significance level <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;10 in the comparison between the 2 groups or that were clinically relevant&#46; The measures of effect are shown as relative risk along with their 95&#37; confidence interval&#46; We accepted a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 as statistically significant&#46; The data processing and analysis was performed using the STATA 12&#46;0 statistical software &#40;StataCorp LP&#44; TX&#44; US&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 137 &#40;62&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients in the IG &#40;mean age&#44; 84&#46;4 years &#91;5&#46;7&#93;&#41;&#44; 86 &#40;62&#46;8&#37;&#41; of whom were women and included 81 &#40;37&#46;2&#37;&#41; patients in the CG &#40;mean age&#44; 81 years &#91;5&#46;9&#93;&#41;&#44; 48 &#40;59&#46;3&#37;&#41; of whom were women &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the characteristics of each group&#46; The IG patients were older and more frequently had polypharmacy&#46; The CG patients had greater comorbidity and severe dependence and more often lived alone or with someone who could not care for them&#46; The length of stay in the SSU did not differ between the two groups&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the IG&#44; a clinical intervention was conducted on 131 &#40;95&#46;6&#37;&#41; patients &#40;detection and change of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in 54 cases &#91;39&#46;4&#37;&#93; and scheduling of an appointment with the attending physician after discharge within 7 days in 120 cases &#91;87&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#46; A nutritional intervention was conducted in 19 &#40;13&#46;9&#37;&#41; cases&#44; a functional intervention was conducted in 21 &#40;15&#46;3&#37;&#41; cases&#59; a cognitive intervention was conducted in 27 &#40;19&#46;7&#37;&#41; cases&#59; a social intervention was conducted in 37 &#40;27&#46;0&#37;&#41; cases&#59; and an intervention with the nursing liaison was conducted for 46 &#40;33&#46;6&#37;&#41; patients&#46; An intervention was performed on only 1 domain in 73 &#40;53&#46;5&#37;&#41; patients&#44; on 2 domains in 41 &#40;29&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; on 3 domains in 14 &#40;10&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; on 4 domains in 7 &#40;5&#46;1&#37;&#41; and on 5 domains in 2 &#40;1&#46;5&#37;&#41; patients&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eighteen &#40;13&#46;1&#37;&#41; patients in the IG and 29 &#40;35&#46;8&#37;&#41; in the CG presented an adverse event within 30 days of the discharge&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the results of the univariate analysis between the 2 groups regarding adverse results in the short term&#44; overall and individualized&#46; The number of interventions was not significantly associated with the endpoint &#40;linear tendency <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;997&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After performing the multivariate analysis&#44; adjusted for possible confounding factors &#40;age&#44; high degree of comorbidity&#44; polypharmacy&#44; severe dependence at admission and living alone or with someone who could not care for them&#41;&#44; we observed that the multidimensional assessment had a protective effect on the onset of an adverse event within 30 days of a discharge from an SSU &#40;adjusted relative risk&#44; 0&#46;40&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;23&#8211;0&#46;68&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a> shows the gross and adjusted effect of each intervention on the primary endpoint&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study shows the effectiveness in the short-term results &#40;23&#37; absolute reduction in risk&#41; of a multidimensional intervention that is easily applied to frail elderly patients discharged from an SSU&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The implementation of a CGA during hospital admission helps increase survival and the ability to remain at home at 1 year&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The CGA is usually performed by a team composed of a geriatrician&#44; nurse&#44; occupational therapist and social worker&#44; which entails a high consumption of time and human resources and&#44; could therefore hinder its routine implementation in an SSU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> Various strategies have been explored&#44; which are easier than the CGA&#44; to improve continuity of care for discharged elderly patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> Given the limited number of available studies and the heterogeneity of the interventions&#44; a recent meta-analysis could not establish recommendations different from those for standard care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The strategies for ensuring continuity of care vary and include telephone follow-up&#44; contact with the family doctor&#44; various types of support &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; home visit 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after the discharge&#41; and follow-up by the attending physician&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Studies with positives results share the implementation of a geriatric assessment&#44; generally performed by nursing&#44; the formulation of a care plan and contact with the primary care physician&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;21</span></a> In our study&#44; the aCGA was performed by a resident medical researcher&#44; the care plan was formulated by the attending physicians&#44; and coordination with the community was the responsibility of the nursing liaison and social worker&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A novel aspect of this study was the analysis of the intervention&#39;s overall effect and its effect according to the most affected domains&#46; We documented the importance of the clinical and social intervention and that of the nursing liaison&#46; Previous studies have shown that the presence of one or more potentially inappropriate prescriptions is associated with adverse results and that the incorporation of a pharmacist can reduce medication-related problems in elderly patients hospitalized in an SSU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> Studies have documented that those responsible for hospital care report the discharge to the family doctor in fewer than half of the cases&#44; leaving this responsibility in the hands of the patient&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> A number of studies have revealed the positive effect of the social intervention and that of the nurse liaison on the patient&#39;s prognosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted that our intervention was performed exclusively in a patient group of 75 years of age or older&#44; selected according to the ISAR scale&#46; The cutoff of &#8805;2 on the ISAR scale has shown greater sensitivity when detecting patients at high risk of adverse results and selects the patient group that can achieve greater benefits from the CGA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a> The intervention studies that included exclusively high-risk elderly patients were the ones that achieved positive results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21&#44;28</span></a> It therefore seems logical to perform a 2-step assessment&#58; first&#44; a screening of high-risk elderly patients and&#44; second&#44; an aCGA and intervention for those previously identified as high risk&#46; The incorporation of this strategy is not associated with a longer hospital stay&#46; This fact could facilitate the performance of the intervention during hospitalization and not&#44; as proposed by other authors&#44; after discharge&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;29&#44;30</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study had various limitations&#46; First&#44; the study was conducted at a single center&#46; Second&#44; the study&#39;s design presented the potential risk of a Hawthorne effect &#40;change in behavior among the study researchers&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Third&#44; there was a potential selection bias in the IG from performing an opportunity sampling&#44; rather than a consecutive sampling as was performed for the CG&#46; However&#44; this difference might have been minimized because the endpoint was adjusted by all variables that differed between the 2 groups&#46; Fourth&#44; the care plan was established at the physician&#39;s discretion according to the affected domains but without establishing predetermined objective criteria&#44; which could hinder its standardization&#46; Fifth&#44; the intervention was limited to the activation of resources without ensuring a degree of compliance&#46; Sixth&#44; we could not perform an analysis according to the process that motivated the admission&#44; given the limited sample size&#46; We could not therefore establish which of these processes benefited most from this type of intervention&#46; Seventh&#44; the follow-up at 30 days was by telephone&#59; therefore&#44; the follow-up of the functional state was reported by the patient or main caregiver&#46; Lastly&#44; the study selected high-risk patients 75 years of age or older discharged from an SSU&#46; The results are therefore not extrapolatable to other population groups&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; the implementation of an individualized care plan for frail elderly patients&#44; based on the activation of resources according to the deficiencies detected after an aCGA and in conjunction with primary care&#44; could improve the prognosis at 30 days of discharge from an SSU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Funding</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study was made possible in part thanks to grants <span class="elsevierStyleGrantNumber" refid="gs1">PI15&#47;00773</span> of the Carlos III Health Institute from funds from the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Ministry of Health&#44; Social Services and Equality</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs2">European Regional Development Fund &#40;ERDF&#41;</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-01"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-01-30"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980838"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Elderly at risk"
            1 => "Intervention"
            2 => "Short-stay unit"
            3 => "30-day adverse outcome"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec980837"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Anciano de riesgo"
            1 => "Intervenci&#243;n"
            2 => "Unidad de corta estancia"
            3 => "Resultado adverso a 30 d&#237;as"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the effect of a multidimensional intervention on the prognosis at 30 days for frail elderly patients discharged from a short-stay unit&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A quasiexperimental study was conducted with a historical control cohort&#46; We included frail patients &#40;Identification of Seniors at Risk score &#8805;2&#41; 75 years of age or older&#44; discharged from a short-stay unit over 2 months in 2013 &#40;control group&#41; and in 2016 &#40;intervention group&#41;&#46; An intervention was conducted based on the activation of resources&#44; based on the deficiencies detected after an abbreviated geriatric assessment&#44; in conjunction with Primary Care&#46; The main endpoint was the presence of an adverse result &#40;death or readmission for any cause or severe functional impairment&#41; at 30 days of discharge&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We included 137 &#40;62&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients in the intervention group and 81 &#40;37&#46;2&#37;&#41; in the control group&#46; Eighteen &#40;13&#46;1&#37;&#41; patients in the intervention group and 29 &#40;35&#46;8&#37;&#41; in the control group presented an adverse event at 30 days&#46; A multivariate analysis showed that the implementation of a multidimensional intervention was a protective factor for presenting an adverse event at 30 days of discharge &#40;adjusted RR 0&#46;40&#59; 95&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>I 0&#46;23&#8211;0&#46;68&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The implementation of an individual care plan for frail elderly patients&#44; based on the activation of resources according to the deficiencies detected after an abbreviated geriatric assessment and in conjunction with Primary Care&#44; could improve the results at 30 days of discharge from an short-stay unit&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Material and method"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiar el efecto de una intervenci&#243;n multidimensional en el pron&#243;stico a 30 d&#237;as en los ancianos fr&#225;giles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio cuasiexperimental con una cohorte de control hist&#243;rica&#46; Se incluyeron pacientes fr&#225;giles &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Identification of Senior at Risk</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; de<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75 a&#241;os&#44; dados de alta desde la unidad de corta estancia durante 2 meses en 2013 &#40;grupo control&#41; y un a&#241;o &#40;2016&#59; grupo de intervenci&#243;n&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; una intervenci&#243;n basada en la activaci&#243;n de recursos&#44; en funci&#243;n de los d&#233;ficits detectados tras una valoraci&#243;n geri&#225;trica abreviada&#44; m&#225;s la coordinaci&#243;n con Atenci&#243;n Primaria&#46; La variable de resultado principal fue la presencia de alg&#250;n resultado adverso &#40;muerte o reingreso por cualquier causa o deterioro funcional grave&#41; a los 30 d&#237;as del alta&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 137 &#40;62&#44;8&#37;&#41; pacientes en el grupo de intervenci&#243;n y 81 &#40;37&#44;2&#37;&#41; en el control&#46; Dieciocho &#40;13&#44;1&#37;&#41; pacientes en el grupo de intervenci&#243;n y 29 &#40;35&#44;8&#37;&#41; en el control presentaron alg&#250;n evento adverso a los 30 d&#237;as&#46; Tras un an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; se demostr&#243; que la realizaci&#243;n de una intervenci&#243;n multidimensional fue un factor de protecci&#243;n para la presentaci&#243;n de alg&#250;n evento adverso a los 30 d&#237;as tras el alta &#40;RR ajustado 0&#44;40&#59; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;23-0&#44;68&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La realizaci&#243;n de un plan de atenci&#243;n individualizado&#44; basado en la activaci&#243;n de recursos&#44; en funci&#243;n de los d&#233;ficits detectados tras una valoraci&#243;n geri&#225;trica abreviada&#44; y la coordinaci&#243;n con Atenci&#243;n Primaria&#44; entre los pacientes ancianos fr&#225;giles podr&#237;a mejorar los resultados a los 30 d&#237;as tras el alta desde una UCE&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Alonso CF&#44; Ferrer MF&#44; Santana MI&#44; Hern&#225;ndez LF&#44; Garc&#237;a M&#44; Castillo JG&#44; et al&#46; Intervenci&#243;n multidimensional que mejora el pron&#243;stico a corto plazo entre los ancianos fr&#225;giles dados de alta desde una unidad de corta estancia&#58; estudio cuasiexperimental&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2018&#59;218&#58;163&#8211;169&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1490
            "Ancho" => 2250
            "Tamanyo" => 256955
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flow diagram of the patients included in the study&#46; Abbreviation&#58; ISAR&#44; Identification of Seniors at Risk&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1112
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            "Tamanyo" => 168286
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Gross and adjusted effect of each of the interventions on the variable &#8220;some adverse result at 30 days of discharge from a short-stay unit&#8221;&#46; Abbreviations&#58; CI&#44; confidence interval&#59; RR&#44; relative risk&#46; &#42;Adjusted for age&#44; high comorbidity&#44; polypharmacy&#44; severe dependence on admission &#40;Barthel index &#60;60 points&#41; and living alone or with someone who cannot care for them&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Abbreviations&#58; IQR&#44; interquartile range&#59; ISAR&#44; Identification of Seniors at Risk&#59; MNA&#44; mini nutritional assessment&#59; NS&#44; not statistically significant&#59; SD&#44; standard deviation&#59; SSU&#44; short-stay unit&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group<br>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G</span>roup<br>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>137&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean age&#44; years &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;8 &#40;5&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&#46;4 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;59&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86 &#40;62&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ISAR score&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;42&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48 &#40;35&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20 &#40;24&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38 &#40;27&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;25&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39 &#40;28&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6 &#40;7&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Primary diagnosis&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiorespiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27 &#40;19&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gastrointestinal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37 &#40;27&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Infectious&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;16&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;19&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Others&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;30&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46 &#40;33&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">High comorbidity &#40;Charlson index <span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">&#8805;</span>3&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;79&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81 &#40;59&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Polypharmacy &#40;no&#46; of drugs &#62;5&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50 &#40;61&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">108 &#40;78&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Risk of malnutrition &#40;abbreviated MNA&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71 &#40;51&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Severe dependence &#40;Barthel index</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">60&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Baseline&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;17&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;7&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;023&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Admission&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;28&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22 &#40;16&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dementia or probable cognitive impairment&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34 &#40;42&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;46&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Depression or probable mood disorder&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32 &#40;40&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56 &#40;40&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Acute confusional syndrome&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Living alone or with someone who cannot care for them&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23 &#40;28&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21 &#40;15&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;020&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#8211;2&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#8211;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;176&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Some adverse result at 30 days&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52 &#40;64&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">119 &#40;86&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;22&#8211;0&#46;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;35&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;13&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall mortality at 30 days&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">77 &#40;95&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">136 &#40;99&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&#8211;1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;065&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;4&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Overall readmission at 30 days&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;77&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">123 &#40;89&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;24&#8211;0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#46;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;10&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Severe functional impairment at 30 days&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;77&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">130 &#40;96&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06&#8211;0&#46;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;22&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unidad M&#233;dica de Corta Estancia&#44; una alternativa a la hospitalizaci&#243;n convencional"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Guirao Mart&#237;nez"
                            1 => "M&#46;T&#46; Sempere Selva"
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                            3 => "M&#46;P&#46; Sendra Pina"
                            4 => "J&#46; S&#225;nchez Pay&#225;"
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                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "208"
                        "paginaInicial" => "216"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                        ]
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Actividad de una unidad de corta estancia en urgencias de un hospital terciario&#58; cuatro a&#241;os de experiencia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Armengol"
                            1 => "C&#46; Fern&#225;ndez Alonso"
                            2 => "F&#46;J&#46; Mart&#237;n S&#225;nchez"
                            3 => "J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez del Castillo"
                            4 => "A&#46; L&#243;pez-Farr&#233;"
                            5 => "C&#46; Elvira Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Emergencias"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "21"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "94"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Proyecto REGICE&#46; Gesti&#243;n cl&#237;nica de las unidades de corta estancia en Espa&#241;a &#40;REGICE 2&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Llopis Roca"
                            1 => "C&#46; Ferr&#233; Losa"
                            2 => "A&#46; Juan Pastor"
                            3 => "F&#46;J&#46; Mart&#237;n S&#225;nchez"
                            4 => "G&#46; Sempere Montes"
                            5 => "P&#46; Llorens Soriano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
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Article information

ISSN: 22548874
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.rceng.2018.01.006

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