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sin embargo&#44; su utilidad en la COVID-19 se ha investigado poco<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;12</span></a>&#46; De dichas escalas&#44; la CURB-65 es sencilla y &#250;til para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as de pacientes adultos con neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por ello&#44; este estudio multic&#233;ntrico valora la utilidad de la CURB-65 para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">M&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en el que se revisaron datos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados en alguno de los 6 hospitales participantes de la ciudad de Guayaquil entre el 1 de marzo y el 30 de abril de 2020&#44; con diagn&#243;stico confirmado o sospechoso de COVID-19&#44; de acuerdo con los protocolos para el diagn&#243;stico y el manejo de la COVID-19 en Ecuador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a>&#46; Se incluyeron &#250;nicamente pacientes registrados por los investigadores del estudio y se excluyeron los casos con exudado nasofar&#237;ngeo para SARS-CoV-2 negativo&#46; El registro cont&#243; con la aprobaci&#243;n &#233;tica del Instituto de Investigaci&#243;n e Innovaci&#243;n en Salud Integral de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Guayaquil&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables del estudio COVID-EC se han publicado previamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Los investigadores de cada centro recogieron datos demogr&#225;ficos y variables cl&#237;nicas&#44; anal&#237;ticas&#44; radiol&#243;gicas&#44; microbiol&#243;gicas y terap&#233;uticas&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se registr&#243; la muerte intrahospitalaria por cualquier causa&#44; y en todos los pacientes se calcul&#243; la CURB-65 durante el primer contacto en Urgencias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La variable de resultado principal fue muerte intrahospitalaria y a 30 d&#237;as por cualquier causa&#46; Las variables cualitativas se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas&#46; Las variables cuantitativas se expresaron como media y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46; Para las comparaciones se utiliz&#243; el test de Chi cuadrado o el test de Fisher para las variables cualitativas y el test t de Student para las variables cuantitativas&#46; Se realizaron curvas de Kaplan-Meier para la variable principal de resultado en funci&#243;n de la clasificaci&#243;n por CURB-65&#44; y se compararon mediante el m&#233;todo de log-rank&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para evaluar la asociaci&#243;n independiente de la CURB-65 con la mortalidad&#44; se ajust&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n de Cox en el que se incluyeron variables asociadas a la variable resultado en el an&#225;lisis univariable con una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;10&#46; Las medidas de efecto se mostraron con hazard ratio &#40;HR&#41; y su intervalo de confianza del 95&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&#46; Las &#225;reas bajo las curvas &#40;AUC&#41; de los modelos de predicci&#243;n se compararon utilizando el enfoque de DeLong y Clarke-Pearson&#46; Se consider&#243; que las diferencias eran estad&#237;sticamente significativas cuando el valor de la variable p era inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los an&#225;lisis estad&#237;sticos se realizaron utilizando el paquete estad&#237;stico SPSS &#40;IBM&#44; North Castle&#44; Nueva York&#44; EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En total se incluyeron 247 pacientes &#40;edad media 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 a&#241;os&#59; 70&#37; varones&#59; 47&#44;4&#37; ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#59; mortalidad global del 41&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; La comorbilidad m&#225;s frecuente fue la hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;48&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de sobrepeso&#47;obesidad&#44; presente en el 28&#44;3&#37; de los casos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas de COVID-19 m&#225;s reportados fueron&#58; disnea &#40;90&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; fiebre &#40;85&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; tos &#40;84&#44;2&#37;&#41; y astenia &#40;81&#37;&#41;&#46; El hallazgo radiol&#243;gico m&#225;s com&#250;n fue la presencia de neumon&#237;a bilateral &#40;76&#44;1&#37; de los casos&#41;&#44; y el 35&#44;2&#37; de los pacientes present&#243; afectaci&#243;n intersticial en la tomograf&#237;a tor&#225;cica&#46; En el 22&#37; de los pacientes se confirm&#243; la infecci&#243;n mediante exudado nasofar&#237;ngeo para SARS-CoV-2 seg&#250;n la t&#233;cnica de reacci&#243;n en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa&#46; En 193 pacientes no fue posible confirmar la infecci&#243;n mediante dicha t&#233;cnica por falta de disponibilidad de las pruebas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras clasificar a los pacientes seg&#250;n la CURB-65 &#40;0-1 vs&#46; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; aquellos con CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 presentaron edades m&#225;s avanzadas &#40;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 vs&#46; 54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;6 a&#241;os&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y mayor comorbilidad &#40;hipertensi&#243;n 57 vs&#46; 36&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#59; sobrepeso&#47;obesidad 34 vs&#46; 20&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#59; enfermedad coronaria 7&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41;&#46; Estos pacientes presentaron saturaciones de ox&#237;geno m&#225;s bajas &#40;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#37; vs&#46; 88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; requirieron mayor soporte con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#40;55 vs&#46; 36&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41;&#44; presentaron m&#225;s s&#237;ndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda &#40;68&#44;9 vs&#46; 49&#44;8&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41; y muerte &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas generales de la muestra se presentan en el anexo 1 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0035">ver material suplementario</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier mostraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes seg&#250;n CURB-65 &#40;0-1 vs&#46; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; para la variable mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; la CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 se relacion&#243; de forma independiente con la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as por COVID-19 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La puntuaci&#243;n CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 present&#243; una capacidad discriminatoria adecuada para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#44; con una sensibilidad del 84&#37;&#44; una especificidad del 54&#37;&#44; un VPP del 56&#37; y un VPN del 83&#37; &#40;AUC 0&#44;72&#44; IC 95&#37; 68-86&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0035">anexo 2&#46; Ver material suplementario</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La CURB-65 es probablemente la escala de predicci&#243;n de mortalidad de neumon&#237;a m&#225;s utilizada a nivel mundial&#44; ya que combina solo 5 variables para determinar la gravedad de la enfermedad&#44; poniendo m&#225;s &#233;nfasis en los par&#225;metros fisiol&#243;gicos y siendo m&#225;s f&#225;cil de calcular que otras escalas&#44; como el Pneumonia Severity Index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Por estos motivos la CURB-65 se ha incluido en protocolos hospitalarios para el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudios previos han identificado factores de riesgo de muerte en adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#59; en particular&#44; una edad mayor de 50 a&#241;os&#44; padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares&#44; unos niveles de D-d&#237;mero<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml y una puntuaci&#243;n SOFA elevada al ingreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s&#44; se han observado con m&#225;s frecuencia niveles aumentados en sangre de IL-6&#44; troponina I y LDH en pacientes con enfermedad grave<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En un estudio reciente con 681 pacientes se objetiv&#243; que una CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 present&#243; una adecuada capacidad discriminatoria para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#44; similar a lo encontrado en nuestro estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otras evidencias se&#241;alan que escalas como APACHE II y SOFA predicen mejor la mortalidad intrahospitalaria que CURB-65 &#40;AUC 0&#44;96&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;94-0&#44;99 para APACHE II&#59; AUC 0&#44;86&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;81-0&#44;93 para SOFA&#44; y AUC 0&#44;84&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;78-0&#44;91 para CURB-65&#44; utilizando puntos de corte de 17&#44; 3 y 1&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Esto se explicar&#237;a porque APACHE II incluye entre sus variables comorbilidad y edad&#44; mientras que CURB-65 solo incluye la edad&#46; Por ello&#44; las escalas APACHE II y Pneumonia Severity Index podr&#237;an ser m&#225;s adecuadas para estratificar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con comorbilidades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros hallazgos confirman que la CURB-65 es una herramienta &#250;til en pacientes con COVID-19&#44; pese a que originalmente fue dise&#241;ada como una herramienta para la neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;12</span></a>&#46; Utilizando un punto de corte<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en mortalidad en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; la mortalidad del grupo con CURB-65 0-1 fue del 17&#37;&#44; lo que contrasta con lo previamente reportado en neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una serie francesa publicada recientemente con 279 pacientes se observ&#243; que el 21&#44;1&#37; de aquellos con CURB-65 0-1 present&#243; mala evoluci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Esto permite inferir que la puntuaci&#243;n CURB-65 se relaciona con una mayor mortalidad&#44; pero su aplicabilidad para guiar la toma de decisiones respecto al ingreso hospitalario de pacientes con COVID-19 es dudosa&#58; no identifica adecuadamente a los que se pueden manejar de forma ambulatoria&#46; Esto podr&#237;a deberse a que existen diferencias en t&#233;rminos epidemiol&#243;gicos y de severidad en pacientes con COVID-19 respecto a aquellos con neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; Por esto&#44; si se utiliza la CURB-65&#44; antes de tomar la decisi&#243;n de dar de alta al paciente directamente desde Urgencias&#44; se debe considerar la probabilidad de presentar complicaciones directas de la neumon&#237;a&#44; como insuficiencia respiratoria&#44; derrame pleural&#44; exacerbaci&#243;n de enfermedad subyacente&#44; capacidad de tomar medicaci&#243;n oral y disponibilidad de un cuidador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Si bien ya se ha desarrollado y validado una puntuaci&#243;n de riesgo espec&#237;fica para predecir el desarrollo de enfermedad grave&#47;cr&#237;tica entre pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 &#40;AUC 0&#44;88&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;84-0&#44;93&#41;&#44; esta requiere de 10 variables&#44; y la utilizaci&#243;n de la CURB-65 contin&#250;a siendo m&#225;s sencilla<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; A efectos pr&#225;cticos&#44; la simplificaci&#243;n de clasificar pacientes en grupos de riesgo intermedio-bajo o moderado-alto puede resultar adecuada y&#44; por este motivo&#44; consideramos que la utilizaci&#243;n de la CURB-65 resulta m&#225;s viable en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio tiene varias limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; las inherentes a un estudio retrospectivo no aleatorizado&#46; Segundo&#44; el diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19 no se pudo confirmar en todos los casos&#44; dado que en Ecuador no hubo suficiente cantidad de pruebas para el diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> y&#44; al igual que en otros pa&#237;ses&#44; los criterios diagn&#243;sticos se modificaron a lo largo del tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Tercero&#44; no todas las pruebas radiol&#243;gicas y&#47;o de laboratorio estuvieron disponibles para todos los pacientes&#46; Sin embargo&#44; pese a las limitaciones se&#241;aladas&#44; se trata de un registro de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#44; el &#250;nico multic&#233;ntrico realizado en hospitales de Guayaquil&#44; Ecuador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La escala CURB-65 es una herramienta &#250;til y sencilla para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19&#44; utilizando un punto de corte<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que no tienen ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar la utilidad del CURB-65 para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cohorte realizada entre el 1 de marzo y el 30 de abril de 2020 en Ecuador&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 247 pacientes &#40;edad media 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 a&#241;os&#44; 70&#37; varones&#44; mortalidad global 41&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 presentaron mayor mortalidad &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; en asociaci&#243;n con otros marcadores de riesgo&#58; edad avanzada&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; sobrepeso&#47;obesidad&#44; fracaso renal&#44; hipoxemia&#44; requerimiento de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica o desarrollo de distr&#233;s respiratorio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis univariado &#40;Kaplan-Meier&#41; y multivariado &#40;regresi&#243;n de Cox&#41; el CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 se relacion&#243; con una mayor mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#46;</p></span>"
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            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article aims to assess the utility of CURB-65 in predicting 30-day mortality in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This work is a cohort study conducted between March 1 and April 30&#44; 2020 in Ecuador&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 247 patients were included &#40;mean age 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 years&#44; 70&#37; men&#44; overall mortality 41&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Patients with CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 had a higher mortality rate &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; that was associated with other markers of risk&#58; advanced age&#44; hypertension&#44; overweight&#47;obesity&#44; kidney failure&#44; hypoxemia&#44; requirement for mechanical ventilation&#44; or onset of respiratory distress&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 was associated with higher 30-day mortality on the univariate &#40;Kaplan-Meier estimator&#41; and multivariate &#40;Cox regression&#41; analysis&#46;</p></span>"
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
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            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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      0 => array:3 [
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">El resto de los componentes del grupo COVID-EC est&#225;n relacionados en el <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0030">anexo</a>&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn0005"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Carriel&#44; Roberto Mu&#241;oz-Jaramillo&#44; Bella Morales-Cabezas&#44; Osvaldo Seijas-Cabrera&#44; Pamela Zea-Santill&#225;n&#44; Herman Alarc&#243;n-Peralta&#44; Giomary Nucette&#44; Jorge Men&#233;ndez-Sanch&#243;n&#44; Diana Guam&#225;n-Guti&#233;rrez&#44; Jorge Bucaram-Matamoros&#44; Karim Larrea-Olivero&#44; Daniel Tettamanti-Miranda&#44; Pia Manrique-Acosta&#44; Guillermo Bejarano-Wagner&#44; Carlos Jaramillo-Sotomayor&#44; Fausto Heredia-Villacreses&#44; Julio Cevallos-Quiroz&#44; Mat&#237;as Altes-Ezequiel&#44; Oswaldo Bola&#241;os-Ladinez&#44; Ana Casta&#241;ares Perdig&#243;n&#44; Jimmy Martin-Delgado&#44; Alejandra Espinoza de los Monteros&#44; Giuliana Roggiero Bueno&#44; Peter Chedraui y Gustavo Ram&#237;rez Amat&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo"
            "titulo" => "Grupo de investigadores COVID-EC"
            "identificador" => "sec0030"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Anexo A"
            "titulo" => "Material adicional"
            "identificador" => "sec0040"
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      0 => array:7 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Probabilidad de supervivencia acumulada a 30 d&#237;as&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CURB-65&#58; confusi&#243;n&#44; urea<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#44; frecuencia respiratoria<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; tensi&#243;n arterial<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;sist&#243;lica&#41; o<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;diast&#243;lica&#41;&#44; 65 a&#241;os o m&#225;s&#59; HBPM&#58; heparina de bajo peso molecular a dosis profil&#225;ctica &#40;enoxaparina 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h o equivalentes&#41;&#59; HR&#58; hazard ratio&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;&#59; PCR&#58; prote&#237;na C reactiva&#59; SO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IC 95&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;189&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enfermedad coronaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;23-2&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Inmunosupresi&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;21-2&#44;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exfumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;14-2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>92&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;27-3&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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ORIGINAL BREVE
CURB-65 como predictor de mortalidad a 30 días en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en Ecuador: estudio COVID-EC
CURB-65 as a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Ecuador: COVID-EC study
J. Carriela,f,
Corresponding author
jorge.carriel84@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, R. Muñoz-Jaramillob, O. Bolaños-Ladinezc, F. Heredia-Villacresesc, J. Menéndez-Sanchónd, J. Martin-Delgadoe, en representación del grupo de investigadores COVID-EC
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Zarzuela, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital IESS Ceibos, Guayaquil, Ecuador
c Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínica San Francisco, Guayaquil, Ecuador
d Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Guayaquil, Ecuador
e Grupo de Investigación Atenea, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
f Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil. Guayaquil. Ecuador
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y se compararon mediante el m&#233;todo de log-rank&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para evaluar la asociaci&#243;n independiente de la CURB-65 con la mortalidad&#44; se ajust&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n de Cox en el que se incluyeron variables asociadas a la variable resultado en el an&#225;lisis univariable con una p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;10&#46; Las medidas de efecto se mostraron con hazard ratio &#40;HR&#41; y su intervalo de confianza del 95&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&#46; Las &#225;reas bajo las curvas &#40;AUC&#41; de los modelos de predicci&#243;n se compararon utilizando el enfoque de DeLong y Clarke-Pearson&#46; Se consider&#243; que las diferencias eran estad&#237;sticamente significativas cuando el valor de la variable p era inferior a 0&#44;05&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los an&#225;lisis estad&#237;sticos se realizaron utilizando el paquete estad&#237;stico SPSS &#40;IBM&#44; North Castle&#44; Nueva York&#44; EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En total se incluyeron 247 pacientes &#40;edad media 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 a&#241;os&#59; 70&#37; varones&#59; 47&#44;4&#37; ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#59; mortalidad global del 41&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; La comorbilidad m&#225;s frecuente fue la hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;48&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#44; seguida de sobrepeso&#47;obesidad&#44; presente en el 28&#44;3&#37; de los casos&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los s&#237;ntomas de COVID-19 m&#225;s reportados fueron&#58; disnea &#40;90&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; fiebre &#40;85&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; tos &#40;84&#44;2&#37;&#41; y astenia &#40;81&#37;&#41;&#46; El hallazgo radiol&#243;gico m&#225;s com&#250;n fue la presencia de neumon&#237;a bilateral &#40;76&#44;1&#37; de los casos&#41;&#44; y el 35&#44;2&#37; de los pacientes present&#243; afectaci&#243;n intersticial en la tomograf&#237;a tor&#225;cica&#46; En el 22&#37; de los pacientes se confirm&#243; la infecci&#243;n mediante exudado nasofar&#237;ngeo para SARS-CoV-2 seg&#250;n la t&#233;cnica de reacci&#243;n en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa&#46; En 193 pacientes no fue posible confirmar la infecci&#243;n mediante dicha t&#233;cnica por falta de disponibilidad de las pruebas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras clasificar a los pacientes seg&#250;n la CURB-65 &#40;0-1 vs&#46; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41;&#44; aquellos con CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 presentaron edades m&#225;s avanzadas &#40;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13 vs&#46; 54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#44;6 a&#241;os&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; y mayor comorbilidad &#40;hipertensi&#243;n 57 vs&#46; 36&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#59; sobrepeso&#47;obesidad 34 vs&#46; 20&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;02&#59; enfermedad coronaria 7&#44;3 vs&#46; 0&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;007&#41;&#46; Estos pacientes presentaron saturaciones de ox&#237;geno m&#225;s bajas &#40;81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#37; vs&#46; 88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; requirieron mayor soporte con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica &#40;55 vs&#46; 36&#44;2&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;005&#41;&#44; presentaron m&#225;s s&#237;ndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda &#40;68&#44;9 vs&#46; 49&#44;8&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;002&#41; y muerte &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas generales de la muestra se presentan en el anexo 1 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0035">ver material suplementario</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las curvas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier mostraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes seg&#250;n CURB-65 &#40;0-1 vs&#46; &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#41; para la variable mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; la CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 se relacion&#243; de forma independiente con la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as por COVID-19 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La puntuaci&#243;n CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 present&#243; una capacidad discriminatoria adecuada para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#44; con una sensibilidad del 84&#37;&#44; una especificidad del 54&#37;&#44; un VPP del 56&#37; y un VPN del 83&#37; &#40;AUC 0&#44;72&#44; IC 95&#37; 68-86&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0035">anexo 2&#46; Ver material suplementario</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La CURB-65 es probablemente la escala de predicci&#243;n de mortalidad de neumon&#237;a m&#225;s utilizada a nivel mundial&#44; ya que combina solo 5 variables para determinar la gravedad de la enfermedad&#44; poniendo m&#225;s &#233;nfasis en los par&#225;metros fisiol&#243;gicos y siendo m&#225;s f&#225;cil de calcular que otras escalas&#44; como el Pneumonia Severity Index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Por estos motivos la CURB-65 se ha incluido en protocolos hospitalarios para el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudios previos han identificado factores de riesgo de muerte en adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#59; en particular&#44; una edad mayor de 50 a&#241;os&#44; padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares&#44; unos niveles de D-d&#237;mero<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml y una puntuaci&#243;n SOFA elevada al ingreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adem&#225;s&#44; se han observado con m&#225;s frecuencia niveles aumentados en sangre de IL-6&#44; troponina I y LDH en pacientes con enfermedad grave<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En un estudio reciente con 681 pacientes se objetiv&#243; que una CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 present&#243; una adecuada capacidad discriminatoria para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#44; similar a lo encontrado en nuestro estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otras evidencias se&#241;alan que escalas como APACHE II y SOFA predicen mejor la mortalidad intrahospitalaria que CURB-65 &#40;AUC 0&#44;96&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;94-0&#44;99 para APACHE II&#59; AUC 0&#44;86&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;81-0&#44;93 para SOFA&#44; y AUC 0&#44;84&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;78-0&#44;91 para CURB-65&#44; utilizando puntos de corte de 17&#44; 3 y 1&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; Esto se explicar&#237;a porque APACHE II incluye entre sus variables comorbilidad y edad&#44; mientras que CURB-65 solo incluye la edad&#46; Por ello&#44; las escalas APACHE II y Pneumonia Severity Index podr&#237;an ser m&#225;s adecuadas para estratificar el riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con comorbilidades<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros hallazgos confirman que la CURB-65 es una herramienta &#250;til en pacientes con COVID-19&#44; pese a que originalmente fue dise&#241;ada como una herramienta para la neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;12</span></a>&#46; Utilizando un punto de corte<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en mortalidad en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; la mortalidad del grupo con CURB-65 0-1 fue del 17&#37;&#44; lo que contrasta con lo previamente reportado en neumon&#237;a bacteriana<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una serie francesa publicada recientemente con 279 pacientes se observ&#243; que el 21&#44;1&#37; de aquellos con CURB-65 0-1 present&#243; mala evoluci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Esto permite inferir que la puntuaci&#243;n CURB-65 se relaciona con una mayor mortalidad&#44; pero su aplicabilidad para guiar la toma de decisiones respecto al ingreso hospitalario de pacientes con COVID-19 es dudosa&#58; no identifica adecuadamente a los que se pueden manejar de forma ambulatoria&#46; Esto podr&#237;a deberse a que existen diferencias en t&#233;rminos epidemiol&#243;gicos y de severidad en pacientes con COVID-19 respecto a aquellos con neumon&#237;a bacteriana&#46; Por esto&#44; si se utiliza la CURB-65&#44; antes de tomar la decisi&#243;n de dar de alta al paciente directamente desde Urgencias&#44; se debe considerar la probabilidad de presentar complicaciones directas de la neumon&#237;a&#44; como insuficiencia respiratoria&#44; derrame pleural&#44; exacerbaci&#243;n de enfermedad subyacente&#44; capacidad de tomar medicaci&#243;n oral y disponibilidad de un cuidador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Si bien ya se ha desarrollado y validado una puntuaci&#243;n de riesgo espec&#237;fica para predecir el desarrollo de enfermedad grave&#47;cr&#237;tica entre pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 &#40;AUC 0&#44;88&#44; IC 95&#37; 0&#44;84-0&#44;93&#41;&#44; esta requiere de 10 variables&#44; y la utilizaci&#243;n de la CURB-65 contin&#250;a siendo m&#225;s sencilla<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; A efectos pr&#225;cticos&#44; la simplificaci&#243;n de clasificar pacientes en grupos de riesgo intermedio-bajo o moderado-alto puede resultar adecuada y&#44; por este motivo&#44; consideramos que la utilizaci&#243;n de la CURB-65 resulta m&#225;s viable en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente estudio tiene varias limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; las inherentes a un estudio retrospectivo no aleatorizado&#46; Segundo&#44; el diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19 no se pudo confirmar en todos los casos&#44; dado que en Ecuador no hubo suficiente cantidad de pruebas para el diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> y&#44; al igual que en otros pa&#237;ses&#44; los criterios diagn&#243;sticos se modificaron a lo largo del tiempo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Tercero&#44; no todas las pruebas radiol&#243;gicas y&#47;o de laboratorio estuvieron disponibles para todos los pacientes&#46; Sin embargo&#44; pese a las limitaciones se&#241;aladas&#44; se trata de un registro de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica real&#44; el &#250;nico multic&#233;ntrico realizado en hospitales de Guayaquil&#44; Ecuador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La escala CURB-65 es una herramienta &#250;til y sencilla para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19&#44; utilizando un punto de corte<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que no tienen ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar la utilidad del CURB-65 para predecir la mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cohorte realizada entre el 1 de marzo y el 30 de abril de 2020 en Ecuador&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 247 pacientes &#40;edad media 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 a&#241;os&#44; 70&#37; varones&#44; mortalidad global 41&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Los pacientes con CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 presentaron mayor mortalidad &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#44; en asociaci&#243;n con otros marcadores de riesgo&#58; edad avanzada&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; sobrepeso&#47;obesidad&#44; fracaso renal&#44; hipoxemia&#44; requerimiento de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica o desarrollo de distr&#233;s respiratorio&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis univariado &#40;Kaplan-Meier&#41; y multivariado &#40;regresi&#243;n de Cox&#41; el CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 se relacion&#243; con una mayor mortalidad a 30 d&#237;as&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article aims to assess the utility of CURB-65 in predicting 30-day mortality in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This work is a cohort study conducted between March 1 and April 30&#44; 2020 in Ecuador&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 247 patients were included &#40;mean age 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14 years&#44; 70&#37; men&#44; overall mortality 41&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#46; Patients with CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 had a higher mortality rate &#40;57 vs&#46; 17&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;001&#41; that was associated with other markers of risk&#58; advanced age&#44; hypertension&#44; overweight&#47;obesity&#44; kidney failure&#44; hypoxemia&#44; requirement for mechanical ventilation&#44; or onset of respiratory distress&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CURB-65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 was associated with higher 30-day mortality on the univariate &#40;Kaplan-Meier estimator&#41; and multivariate &#40;Cox regression&#41; analysis&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;23-2&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Inmunosupresi&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;21-2&#44;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;068&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exfumador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;14-2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>92&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;27-3&#44;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;20-2&#44;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>D-d&#237;mero &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 00142565
Original language: Spanish
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Revista Clínica Española (English Edition)