Sugerencias
Idioma
Guía para autores
Buscador
Información de la revista
Vol. 219. Núm. 8.
Páginas 415-468 (Noviembre 2019)
Cita
Cita
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Visitas
1046
Vol. 219. Núm. 8.
Páginas 415-468 (Noviembre 2019)
Original

Sarcopenia, fragilidad, deterioro cognitivo y mortalidad en pacientes ancianos con fibrilación auricular no valvular

Sarcopenia, frailty, cognitive impairment and mortality in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Visitas
1046
M.A. Requena Callejaa, A. Arenas Miquéleza, J. Díez-Manglanoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jdiez@aragon.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, A. Gullónb, A. Posec, F. Formigad, J.M. Mostazae, J.M. Cepedaf, C. Suárezb, en nombre de los investigadores del estudio NONAVASC , Grupo de Riesgo Vascular de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna 1
a Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
b Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
c Departamento de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
d Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
e Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, España
f Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Texto completo
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivos

Determinar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia, la fragilidad y el deterioro cognitivo en pacientes ancianos con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) y su influencia en la supervivencia.

Métodos

Estudio de cohortes, prospectivo y multicéntrico realizado con pacientes >75años con FANV hospitalizados en servicios de Medicina Interna en España. Para cada paciente se recogieron los niveles de creatinina, hemoglobina y plaquetas, así como las escalas CHA2DS2-Vasc, HAS-BLED, el índice de Charlson y el uso de anticoagulantes orales. Se midió la sarcopenia con escala SARC-F, la fragilidad con la escala FRAIL y el deterioro cognitivo con el Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire. Se realizó seguimiento durante un año.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 596 pacientes con FANV, con edad media de 84,9 (DE: 5,2) años. De ellos, 295 (49,5%) presentaban sarcopenia, 305 (51,2%) fragilidad y 251 (42,1%) deterioro cognitivo. Al cabo de un año fallecieron 226 (37,9%) pacientes. La mortalidad fue superior en los pacientes con sarcopenia, fragilidad y deterioro cognitivo. En el análisis multivariante la sarcopenia (HR: 1,775; IC95%: 1,270-2,481), la edad, la comorbilidad y el antecedente de embolismo periférico se asociaron con mayor mortalidad, y el uso de anticoagulantes orales al alta (HR: 0,415; IC95%: 0,307-0,560), con menor mortalidad.

Conclusiones

En los pacientes ancianos con FANV la sarcopenia, la fragilidad y el deterioro cognitivo son muy prevalentes y se asocian con frecuencia. La sarcopenia se asocia a mayor mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Fibrilación auricular
Sarcopenia
Fragilidad
Deterioro cognitivo
Mortalidad
Ancianos
Estudio de cohortes
Abstract
Objectives

To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and the factors’ influence on survival.

Methods

Prospective, multicentre cohort study of patients older than 75 years with NVAF hospitalised in internal medicine departments in Spain. For each patient, we recorded the creatinine, haemoglobin and platelet levels, the scores on the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scales and Charlson index, as well as the use of oral anticoagulants. We measured sarcopenia with the SARC-F scale, frailty with the FRAIL scale and cognitive impairment with the Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire. We also conducted a 1-year follow-up.

Results

The study included 596 patients with NVAF, with a mean age of 84.9 (SD: 5.2) years. Of these, 295 (49.5%) presented sarcopenia, 305 (51.2%) presented frailty, and 251 (42.1%) presented cognitive impairment. At the end of 1year, 226 (37.9%) patients had died. Mortality was greater for the patients with sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment. In the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (HR: 1.775; 95%CI: 1.270-2.481), age, comorbidity and a history of peripheral embolism were associated with increased mortality, and the use of oral anticoagulants at discharge (HR: 0.415; 95%CI: 0.307-0.560) was associated with lower mortality.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment are very common in elderly patients with NVAF and are frequently associated. Sarcopenia was associated with increased mortality.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillation
Sarcopenia
Frailty
Cognitive impairment
Mortality
Elderly
Cohort study

Artículo

Opciones para acceder a los textos completos de la publicación Revista Clínica Española
Socio
Si es usted socio de FESEMI siga los siguientes pasos:

Diríjase desde aquí a la web de la >>>https://www.fesemi.org/publicaciones/revista-clinica/noticias<<< e inicie sesión mediante el formulario que se encuentra en la barra superior, pulsando sobre el candado.

Deslice el cursor hacia abajo hasta la sección "PUBLICACIONES" y pinche en "Revista Clínica Española":

>>>https://www.fesemi.org/publicaciones/revista-clinica/noticias<<<

Suscriptor
Suscriptor de la revista

Si ya tiene sus datos de acceso, clique aquí.

Si olvidó su clave de acceso puede recuperarla clicando aquí y seleccionando la opción "He olvidado mi contraseña".
Suscribirse
Suscribirse a:
Revista Clínica Española
Comprar
Comprar acceso al artículo

Comprando el artículo el PDF del mismo podrá ser descargado

Comprar ahora
Contactar
Teléfono para suscripciones e incidencias
De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h
Llamadas desde España
932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España
+34 932 415 960
Email
Bibliografía
[1]
J.J. Gómez-Doblas, J. Muñiz, J.J. Martin, G. Rodríguez-Coca, J.M. Lobos, P. Awamleh, OFRECE study collaborators, et al.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Spain. OFRECE study results.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Eng Ed), 67 (2014), pp. 259-269
[2]
R.B. Schnabel, X. Yin, P. Gona, M.G. Larson, A.S. Beiser, D.D. McManus, et al.
50 year trends in atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: A cohort study.
[3]
G. Annoni, P. Mazzola.
Real-world characteristics of hospitalized frail elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: Can we improve the current prescription of anticoagulants?.
J Geriatr Cardiol, 13 (2016), pp. 226-232
[4]
L.P. Fried, C.M. Tangen, J. Walston, A.B. Newman, C. Hirsch, J. Gottdiener, et al.
Frailty in older adults: Evidence of phenotype.
J Gerontol, 56A (2001), pp. 146-156
[5]
M.J. Delmonico, T.B. Harris, J.S. Lee, M. Visser, M. Nevitt, S.B. Kritchevsky, et al.
Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 55 (2007), pp. 769-774
[6]
A.J. Cruz-Jentoft, J.P. Baeyens, J. Bauer, Y. Boirie, T. Cederholm, F. Landi, Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Report of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people, et al.
Age Ageing, 39 (2010), pp. 412-423
[7]
E.L. Thacker, B. McKnight, B.M. Psaty, W.T. Longstreht Jr., C.M. Sitlani, S. Dublin, et al.
Atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study.
Neurology, 81 (2013), pp. 119-125
[8]
I. Marzona, M. O’Donell, K. Teo, P. Gao, C. Anderson, J. Bosch, et al.
Increased risk of cognitive and functional decline in patients with atrial fibrillation: Results of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies.
CMAJ, 184 (2012), pp. E329-E336
[9]
J.N. Liao, T.F. Chao, C.J. Liu, K.L. Wang, S.J. Chen, T.C. Tuan, et al.
Risk and prediction of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation — A nationwide population-based cohort study.
Int J Cardiol, 199 (2015), pp. 25-30
[10]
S. Kalantarian, T.A. Stern, M. Mansour, J.N. Ruskin.
Cognitive impairment associated with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis.
[11]
A. Gullón, C. Suárez, J. Díez-Manglano, F. Formiga, J.M. Cepeda, A. Pose, en representación de los investigadores del estudio NONAVASC, et al.
Antithrombotic treatment and characteristics of elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation hospitalized at Internal Medicine departments. NONAVASC registry.
Med Clin (Barc), 148 (2017), pp. 204-210
[12]
L. Fauchier, R. Philippart, N. Clementy, T. Bourguignon, D. Angoulvant, F. Ivanes, et al.
How to define valvular atrial fibrillation?.
Arch Cardiovasc Dis., 108 (2015), pp. 530-539
[13]
A.J. Camm, G.Y. Lip, R. de Caterina, I. Savelieva, D. Atar, S.H. Hohnloser, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), et al.
2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: An update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation.
Eur Heart J., 33 (2012), pp. 2719-2747
[14]
G.Y. Lip, R. Nieuwlaat, R. Pisters, D.A. Lane, H.J. Crijns.
Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation.
Chest, 137 (2010), pp. 263-272
[15]
R. Pisters, D.A. Lane, R. Nieuwlaat, C.B. de Vos, H.J. Crijns, G.Y. Lip.
A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: The Euro Heart Survey.
Chest, 138 (2010), pp. 1093-1100
[16]
M.E. Charlson, P. Pompei, K.L. Ales, C.R. MacKenzie.
A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation.
J Chronic Dis, 40 (1987), pp. 373-383
[17]
F.I. Mahoney, D.W. Barthel.
Functional evaluation: The Barthel index.
Md State Med J, 4 (1965), pp. 61-65
[18]
E. Pfeiffer.
A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 3 (1975), pp. 433-441
[19]
T.K. Malmstrom, J.E. Morley.
SARC-F: A simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia.
J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14 (2013), pp. 531-532
[20]
J.E. Morley, T.K. Malmstrom, D.K. Miller.
A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged Africans Americans.
J Nutr Health Aging., 16 (2012), pp. 601-608
[21]
M. Akishita, K. Kozaki, K. Iijima, T. Tanaka, K. Shibasaki, S. Ogawa, et al.
Definitions and diagnosis of sarcopenia.
Geriatr Gerontol Int, 18 (2018), pp. 7-12
[22]
J.E. Morley, S.D. Anker, S. von Haehling.
Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: Facts, numbers, and epidemiology — update 2014.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 5 (2014), pp. 253-259
[23]
C. Welch, Z.K. Hassan-Smith, C.A. Greig, J.M. Lord, T.A. Jackson.
Acute sarcopenia secondary to hospitalization — An emerging condition affecting older adults.
Aging Dis, 9 (2018), pp. 151-164
[24]
B.R. Weil, C. Ozcan.
Cardiomyocyte remodeling in atrial fibrillation and hibernating myocardium: Shared pathophysiologic traits identify novel treatment strategies.
Biomed Res Int, 2015 (2015), pp. 587361
[25]
J. Brzeszczynska, A. Meyer, R. McGregor, A. Schilb, S. Degen, V. Tadini, et al.
Alteration in the in vitro and in vivo regulation of muscle regeneration in healthy ageing and the influence of sarcopenia.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 9 (2018), pp. 93-105
[26]
S. Conroy, A. Elliot.
The frailty syndrome.
Medicine, 45 (2017), pp. 15-18
[27]
Z. Oqab, P. Pournazari, R.S. Sheldon.
What is the impact of frailty on prescription of anticoagulation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Atrial Fib, 10 (2018), pp. 1870
[28]
M.C. Lefevre, M. St-Onge, M. Glazer-Cavanagh, L. Bell, J.N. Kha Nguyen, P. Viet-Quoc Nguyen, et al.
The effect of bleeding risk and frailty status on anticoagulation patterns in octogenarians with atrial fibrillation: The FRAIL-AF study.
Can J Cardiol, 32 (2016), pp. 169-176
[29]
T.N. Nguyen, R.G. Cumming, S.N. Hilmer.
The impact of frailty on mortality, length of stay and re-hospitalisation in older patients with atrial fibrillation.
Heart Lung Circ, 25 (2016), pp. 551-557
[30]
V. Perera, B.W. Bajorek, S. Matthews, S.N. Hilmer.
The impact of frailty on the utilisation of antithrombotic therapy in older patients with atrial fibrillation.
Age Ageing, 38 (2009), pp. 156-162
[31]
S.W. Kim, S.J. Yoon, J.Y. Choi, M.G. Kang, Y. Cho, I.H. Oh, et al.
Clinical implication of frailty assessment in older patients with atrial fibrillation.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 70 (2017), pp. 1-7
[32]
P. Santangeli, L. di Biase, R. Bai, S. Mohanty, A. Pump, M. Cereceda Brantes, et al.
Atrial fibrillation and the risk of incident dementia: A meta-analysis.
Heart Rhythm, 9 (2012), pp. 1761-1768
[33]
R.F. De Brujin, J. Heeringa, F.J. Wolters, O.H. Franco, B.H.C. Stricker, A. Hofman, et al.
Association between atrial fibrillation and dementia in the general population.
JAMA Neurol, 72 (2015), pp. 1288-1294
[34]
R. Chopard, G. Piazza, S.A. Gale, U. Campia, I.E. Albertsen, J. Kim, et al.
Dementia and atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Am J Med, 131 (2018), pp. 1408-1417
[35]
M. Madhavan, T.Y. Hu, B.J. Gersh, V.L. Roger, J. Kilian, S.A. Weston, et al.
Efficacy of warfarin anticoagulation and incident dementia in a community-based cohort of atrial fibrillation.
Mayo Clin Proc, 93 (2018), pp. 145-154
[36]
V. Jacobs, H.T. May, T.L. Bair, B.G. Crandall, M.J. Cutler, J.D. Day, et al.
Long-term population-based cerebral ischemic event and cognitive outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin among long-term anticoagulated patients for atrial fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol, 118 (2016), pp. 210-214
[37]
L. Fanning, T.E. Ryan-Atwood, S.J. Bell, A. Meretoja, K.P. McNamara, P. Darzins, et al.
Prevalence, safety, and effectiveness of oral anticoagulant use in people with and without dementia or cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Alzheimers Dis, 65 (2018), pp. 489-517
[38]
B.K. Martinez, S.A. Nood, T.J. Bunz, C.I. Coleman.
Effectiveness and safety of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban versus warfarin in frail patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
[39]
J. Steffel, R.P. Giugliano, E. Braunwald, S.A. Murphy, M. Mercuri, S. Choi, et al.
Edoxaban versus warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients at risk of falling. ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 analysis.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 68 (2016), pp. 1169-1178
[40]
J. Díez-Manglano, M. Bernabeu-Wittel, J. Murcia-Zaragoza, B. Escolano-Fernandez, G. Jarava-Rol, C. Hernandez-Quiles, et al.
Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and medical non-neoplastic disease in a terminal stage.
Intern Emerg Med, 12 (2017), pp. 53-61
[41]
O. Liu, Q. Hao, S. Hai, H. Wang, L. Cao, B. Dong.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
[42]
S.S. Risom, A.D. Zwisler, P.P. Johansen, K.L. Sibilitz, J. Lindschou, C. Gluud, et al.
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2 (2017), pp. CD011197
[43]
E. Dent, J.E. Morley, A.J. Cruz-Jentoft, H. Arai, S.B. Kritchevsky, J. Guralnik, et al.
International clinical practice guidelines for sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, diagnosis and management.
J Nutr Health Aging, 22 (2018), pp. 1148-1161
Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas