array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0014256517300504"
  "issn" => "00142565"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.01.009"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
  "aid" => "1364"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "edi"
  "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:210-1"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 77
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 45
      "PDF" => 32
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0014256517300656"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
    "aid" => "1376"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:212-21"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 129
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 86
        "PDF" => 43
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo especial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Compromiso por la calidad de las sociedades cient&#237;ficas en Espa&#241;a"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "212"
          "paginaFinal" => "221"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Commitment to quality of the Spanish scientific societies"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1639
              "Ancho" => 2228
              "Tamanyo" => 290564
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metodolog&#237;a para la selecci&#243;n final de las recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a, S&#46; V&#225;zquez-Fern&#225;ndez del Pozo, F&#46; Salcedo-Fern&#225;ndez, J&#46;M&#46; Garc&#237;a-Lechuz Moya, G&#46; Andr&#233;s Zaragoza-Gaynor, M&#46; L&#243;pez-Orive, S&#46; Garc&#237;a-San Jose, P&#46; Casado-Dur&#225;ndez"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez-Fern&#225;ndez del Pozo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Salcedo-Fern&#225;ndez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Lechuz Moya"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Andr&#233;s Zaragoza-Gaynor"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Orive"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-San Jose"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Casado-Dur&#225;ndez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S225488741730036X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.02.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S225488741730036X?idApp=WRCEE"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300656?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300656/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256517300590"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
    "aid" => "1372"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:208-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 130
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 70
        "PDF" => 60
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "El reto de no hacer"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "208"
          "paginaFinal" => "209"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "The challenge of do not do"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300590?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300590/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0014256516301680"
      "issn" => "00142565"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2016.10.013"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
      "aid" => "1328"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:188-92"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 80
        "formatos" => array:2 [
          "HTML" => 47
          "PDF" => 33
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>"
        "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular y obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "188"
            "paginaFinal" => "192"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk factors&#44; nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Lisa Gracia, A&#46; C&#243;rdoba Alonso, J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez, R&#46; P&#233;rez Montes, J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
            "autores" => array:5 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Lisa Gracia"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "C&#243;rdoba Alonso"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez Montes"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Napal Lecumberri"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2254887416300947"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2016.12.005"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887416300947?idApp=WRCEE"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256516301680?idApp=WRCEE"
      "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256516301680/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "es" => array:11 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "Trombosis venosa retiniana&#58; mucho trabajo por hacer"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "210"
        "paginaFinal" => "211"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "L&#46; Guirado Torrecillas, V&#46; Rosa Salazar"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Guirado Torrecillas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "V&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rosa Salazar"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "vladimedico&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n de Patolog&#237;a Venosa y Arterial&#44; Universidad Cat&#243;lica San Antonio de Murcia&#44; Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca&#44; Murcia&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Corta Estancia&#47;Trombosis&#44; Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca&#44; Murcia&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; A lot of work to do"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa &#40;ETEV&#41; existe un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes que tienen trombosis venosas en territorios inusuales&#44; entre las que destacan las de miembros superiores&#44; de senos venosos cerebrales&#44; del territorio espl&#225;cnico y de las venas retinianas &#40;TVR&#41;&#46; Estas &#250;ltimas afectan a unos 16 millones de personas en el mundo&#44; con una edad media de 60 a&#241;os&#44; y sin diferencias de distribuci&#243;n por sexo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La patogenia de la TVR es poco conocida&#44; aunque parece demostrado que la edad es un factor crucial&#44; ya que la gran mayor&#237;a de los pacientes son mayores de 50 a&#241;os y la incidencia aumenta con la edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se cree que al igual que en la ETEV cl&#225;sica&#44; en su fisiopatolog&#237;a est&#225; implicada la triada de Virchow<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Aqu&#237; la arteria desempe&#241;a un papel protagonista&#44; ya que tanto en la l&#225;mina cribosa como en los cruces arteriovenosos retinianos permanece adyacente a la vena compartiendo adventicia y tejido glial&#46; Por tanto&#44; cualquier enfermedad arterial que conlleve un aumento de tama&#241;o de la arteria origina un estrechamiento de la vena&#44; ralentizaci&#243;n del flujo sangu&#237;neo y p&#233;rdida de la conducci&#243;n laminar&#44; situaciones que se consideran protromb&#243;ticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Este mecanismo parece ser el que provoca su asociaci&#243;n con la enfermedad arterial y lo diferencia de la ETEV convencional&#44; por lo que se podr&#237;a considerar la TVR como una complicaci&#243;n de la arterioesclerosis m&#225;s que una forma de ETEV&#46; Algunos autores asocian la TVR a un elevado riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares&#44; aunque los resultados sobre TVR y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en los distintos estudios son contradictorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6&#8211;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hipertensi&#243;n arterial supone el factor de riesgo de TVR m&#225;s importante&#44; ya que est&#225; presente en m&#225;s del 50&#37; de los pacientes&#44; como se demuestra en el estudio de Gracia et al&#46;&#44; publicado en este n&#250;mero de <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Revista Cl&#237;nica Espa&#241;ola</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; y en otros trabajos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; se ha encontrado asociaci&#243;n con el tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo&#44; los anticonceptivos orales estrog&#233;nicos y los s&#237;ndromes mieloproliferativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Otras asociaciones menos frecuentes son las enfermedades que cursan con vasculitis retinianas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la evidencia de la hipercoagulabilidad como mecanismo etiol&#243;gico en pacientes con TVR es menos consistente&#44; aunque puede ser un factor principal en pacientes menores de 45 a&#241;os sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46; Aunque algunos estudios &#40;la mayor&#237;a retrospectivos y con muestras peque&#241;as&#41; han descrito una asociaci&#243;n de la TVR con distintas trombofilias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#44; un metaan&#225;lisis de 26 estudios sugiri&#243; que solo la hiperhomocisteinemia y los anticuerpos anticardiolipina lo hac&#237;an de forma independiente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; Sobre la base de este metaan&#225;lisis no parece justificado realizar un estudio sistem&#225;tico y completo de trombofilia en todas las obstrucciones venosas retinianas&#44; m&#225;xime teniendo en cuenta que no hay datos disponibles sobre la actitud&#44; el tratamiento a seguir ni el efecto de la anticoagulaci&#243;n como profilaxis secundaria de la TVR con datos de trombofilia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; En definitiva&#44; como no hay una asociaci&#243;n demostrada de la trombofilia hereditaria con la TVR&#44; parece poco &#250;til incluirla en el protocolo de valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica de estos pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tratamiento sist&#233;mico se han valorado multitud de agentes con datos dispares&#44; en estudios heterog&#233;neos de escaso tama&#241;o muestral&#46; Destacan los antiagregantes plaquetarios&#44; pentoxifilina&#44; troxerutina&#44; prostaciclina&#44; fibrinol&#237;ticos&#44; anticoagulantes &#40;warfarina&#44; heparinas de bajo peso molecular&#41;&#44; e incluso la hemodiluci&#243;n&#46; Como se muestra en el estudio de Gracia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> no existe evidencia sobre el beneficio de la anticoagulaci&#243;n en la TVR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;16&#8211;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada la compleja patogenia de la TVR se aconseja que en estos pacientes se realice una valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; que sirva para decidir el tratamiento m&#225;s apropiado&#44; con el objetivo de prevenir da&#241;os sist&#233;micos asociados y recurrencias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;16&#44;19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; No existe consenso sobre los par&#225;metros que se deben estudiar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;10</span></a>&#46; Marcucci et al&#46; propusieron los siguientes&#58; electrocardiograma&#44; ecocardiograma &#40;solo en determinadas situaciones&#41;&#44; ecograf&#237;a doppler de troncos supraa&#243;rticos&#44; valoraci&#243;n de los antecedentes familiares de aterotrombosis y ETEV&#44; y antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; dislipidemia &#40;incluyendo colesterol-LDL&#44; colesterol-HDL&#44; colesterol total y triglic&#233;ridos&#41; y obesidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n se recomienda un hemograma&#44; medici&#243;n de la homociste&#237;na en sangre&#44; anticuerpos antifosfol&#237;pidos &#40;otros estudios inmunol&#243;gicos en casos seleccionados&#41; y&#44; aunque controvertido&#44; un estudio completo de trombofilia en pacientes menores de 50 a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la literatura cient&#237;fica en espa&#241;ol solo existen publicados alrededor de 40 art&#237;culos sobre TVR &#40;WOK y PubMed&#59; palabras clave <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">retinal vein occlusion</span>&#44; idioma espa&#241;ol&#41;&#44; de los que en menos de 10 se realiz&#243; una valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; y solo en 3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;9&#44;21</span></a> la muestra de pacientes fue mayor de 20&#46; La medicina interna y el grupo de trabajo de ETEV deben ayudar a esclarecer las dudas existentes en este tipo de trombosis&#44; quiz&#225;s con los datos de los registros ya existentes como RIETE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#58; &#191;hasta qu&#233; punto es importante realizar el estudio sist&#233;mico&#63;&#44; &#191;qu&#233; peso tiene cada factor de riesgo&#63;&#44; &#191;son tan prevalentes los factores de riesgo vascular&#63;&#44; &#191;son igual de prevalentes los factores de riesgo de la ETEV&#63;&#44; &#191;qu&#233; papel tiene la anticoagulaci&#243;n&#63;&#44; y &#191;es necesario el estudio de trombofilia en los menores de 50 a&#241;os&#63;</p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Hayreh"
                            1 => "M&#46;B&#46; Zimmerman"
                            2 => "P&#46; Podhajsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "429"
                        "paginaFinal" => "441"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154523"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk factors and outcome in patients with retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Di Capua"
                            1 => "A&#46; Coppola"
                            2 => "R&#46; Albisinni"
                            3 => "A&#46; Tufano"
                            4 => "A&#46; Guida"
                            5 => "M&#46;N&#46; Di Minno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11239-009-0388-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thromb Thrombolysis"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19705255"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systemic factors contributory to retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; McGrath"
                            1 => "F&#46; Wechsler"
                            2 => "A&#46;B&#46;L&#46; Hunyor"
                            3 => "R&#46; Penny"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "138"
                        "paginaInicial" => "216"
                        "paginaFinal" => "220"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/626551"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415008602"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusion&#58; An approach to diagnosis&#44; systemic risk factors and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Yau"
                            1 => "P&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "T&#46;Y&#46; Wong"
                            3 => "J&#46; Best"
                            4 => "A&#46; Jenkins"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01720.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Med J"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "904"
                        "paginaFinal" => "910"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19120547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; Pathogenesis and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rehak"
                            1 => "P&#46; Wiedemann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03909.x"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1886"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1894"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20492457"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415012807"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular y enfermedad obstructiva microvascular de la retina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rodr&#237;guez"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Borregero"
                            2 => "E&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Vi&#241;a"
                            4 => "M&#46; Serrano"
                            5 => "F&#46; Santolaria"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "95"
                        "paginaFinal" => "100"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0049017210002568"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00490172"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nine year follow-up study of morbidity and mortality in retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;D&#46; Tsaloumas"
                            1 => "J&#46; Kirwan"
                            2 => "H&#46; Vinall"
                            3 => "M&#46;B&#46; O¿Leary"
                            4 => "P&#46; Prior"
                            5 => "E&#46;E&#46; Kritzinger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/eye.2000.230"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eye"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "821"
                        "paginaFinal" => "827"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11584836"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458412008965"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;C&#46; Martin"
                            1 => "A&#46; Butcher"
                            2 => "N&#46; Martin"
                            3 => "J&#46; Farmer"
                            4 => "P&#46;M&#46; Dobson"
                            5 => "W&#46;A&#46; Bartlett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "774"
                        "paginaFinal" => "776"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12084748"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular y obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Lisa Gracia"
                            1 => "A&#46; C&#243;rdoba Alonso"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
                            3 => "R&#46; P&#233;rez Montes"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "217"
                        "paginaInicial" => "182"
                        "paginaFinal" => "186"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusions&#58; A review for the internist"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                            1 => "F&#46; Sofi"
                            2 => "E&#46; Grifoni"
                            3 => "A&#46; Sodi"
                            4 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11739-010-0478-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Emerg Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "307"
                        "paginaFinal" => "314"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547483"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular and thrombophilic risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                            1 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                            2 => "L&#46; Bertini"
                            3 => "A&#46;M&#46; Gori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "163"
                        "paginaFinal" => "169"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12020623"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458412010254"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; Risk factors&#44; pathogenesis and therapeutic approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                            1 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "73587"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13679663"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coagulation disorders and the risk of retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Kuhli-Hattenbach"
                            1 => "I&#46; Scharrer"
                            2 => "M&#46; L&#252;chtenberg"
                            3 => "L&#46;O&#46; Hattenbach"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH09-05-0331"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "299"
                        "paginaFinal" => "305"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126828"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manifestaciones oftalmol&#243;gicas del s&#237;ndrome antifosfol&#237;pido primario"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Nogueira Goriba"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;n S&#225;nchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "201"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11293983"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusion&#58; A form of venous thrombosis or a complication of atherosclerosis&#63; A meta-analysis of thrombophilic factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Janssen"
                            1 => "M&#46; den Heijer"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Cruysberg"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wollersheim"
                            4 => "S&#46;J&#46; Bredie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH04-11-0768"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1021"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1026"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15968383"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal-vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;Y&#46; Wong"
                            1 => "I&#46;U&#46; Scott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMcp1003934"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "363"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2135"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2144"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105795"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Lazo-Langner"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hawel"
                            2 => "W&#46; Ageno"
                            3 => "M&#46;J&#46; Kovacs"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3324/haematol.2010.023614"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Haematologica"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1587"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1593"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305141"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415000473"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs for retinal vein occlusion&#58; A systematic review and a call for action"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Squizzato"
                            1 => "E&#46; Manfredi"
                            2 => "S&#46; Bozzato"
                            3 => "F&#46; Dentali"
                            4 => "W&#46; Ageno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH09-09-0626"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "271"
                        "paginaFinal" => "276"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126837"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Interim guidelines for management of retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Hykin"
                            1 => "W&#46; Amoaku"
                            2 => "S&#46; Sivaprasad"
                            3 => "P&#46; Dodson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "The Royal College of Ophthalmologists"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Managing retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Kiire"
                            1 => "N&#46;V&#46; Chong"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "344"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e499"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362114"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trombofilia y factores de riesgo vascular en la obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
                            1 => "C&#46; Sedano Balbas"
                            2 => "J&#46; Ca&#241;al Villanueva"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2013.01.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "213"
                        "paginaInicial" => "229"
                        "paginaFinal" => "234"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23566482"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Los registros de pacientes y la investigaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "M&#46; Monreal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2016.11.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "217"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988023"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300504/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "1020"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editoriales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300504/v3_201705221132/es/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://revclinesp.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300504?idApp=WRCEE"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista

Estadísticas

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

Editorial
Trombosis venosa retiniana: mucho trabajo por hacer
Retinal vein thrombosis: A lot of work to do
L. Guirado Torrecillasa, V. Rosa Salazarb,
Autor para correspondencia
vladimedico@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Unidad de Investigación de Patología Venosa y Arterial, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
b Unidad de Corta Estancia/Trombosis, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
Leído
95
Veces
se ha leído el artículo
43
Total PDF
52
Total HTML
Compartir estadísticas
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0014256517300504"
  "issn" => "00142565"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.01.009"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
  "aid" => "1364"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "edi"
  "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:210-1"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 77
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 45
      "PDF" => 32
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0014256517300656"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
    "aid" => "1376"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:212-21"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 129
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 86
        "PDF" => 43
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Art&#237;culo especial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Compromiso por la calidad de las sociedades cient&#237;ficas en Espa&#241;a"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "212"
          "paginaFinal" => "221"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Commitment to quality of the Spanish scientific societies"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1639
              "Ancho" => 2228
              "Tamanyo" => 290564
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Metodolog&#237;a para la selecci&#243;n final de las recomendaciones de &#171;no hacer&#187;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a, S&#46; V&#225;zquez-Fern&#225;ndez del Pozo, F&#46; Salcedo-Fern&#225;ndez, J&#46;M&#46; Garc&#237;a-Lechuz Moya, G&#46; Andr&#233;s Zaragoza-Gaynor, M&#46; L&#243;pez-Orive, S&#46; Garc&#237;a-San Jose, P&#46; Casado-Dur&#225;ndez"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez-Fern&#225;ndez del Pozo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Salcedo-Fern&#225;ndez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Lechuz Moya"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "G&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Andr&#233;s Zaragoza-Gaynor"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Orive"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-San Jose"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Casado-Dur&#225;ndez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S225488741730036X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2017.02.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S225488741730036X?idApp=WRCEE"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300656?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300656/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0014256517300590"
    "issn" => "00142565"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2017.02.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
    "aid" => "1372"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:208-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 130
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 70
        "PDF" => 60
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "El reto de no hacer"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "208"
          "paginaFinal" => "209"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "The challenge of do not do"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Alegr&#237;a"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300590?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300590/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0014256516301680"
      "issn" => "00142565"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2016.10.013"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2017-05-01"
      "aid" => "1328"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2017;217:188-92"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 80
        "formatos" => array:2 [
          "HTML" => 47
          "PDF" => 33
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ORIGINAL</span>"
        "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular y obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "188"
            "paginaFinal" => "192"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk factors&#44; nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and retinal vein occlusion"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Lisa Gracia, A&#46; C&#243;rdoba Alonso, J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez, R&#46; P&#233;rez Montes, J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
            "autores" => array:5 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Lisa Gracia"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "C&#243;rdoba Alonso"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez Montes"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Napal Lecumberri"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2254887416300947"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2016.12.005"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887416300947?idApp=WRCEE"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256516301680?idApp=WRCEE"
      "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256516301680/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "es" => array:11 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "Trombosis venosa retiniana&#58; mucho trabajo por hacer"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "210"
        "paginaFinal" => "211"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "L&#46; Guirado Torrecillas, V&#46; Rosa Salazar"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Guirado Torrecillas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "V&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rosa Salazar"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "vladimedico&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n de Patolog&#237;a Venosa y Arterial&#44; Universidad Cat&#243;lica San Antonio de Murcia&#44; Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca&#44; Murcia&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Corta Estancia&#47;Trombosis&#44; Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca&#44; Murcia&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; A lot of work to do"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa &#40;ETEV&#41; existe un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes que tienen trombosis venosas en territorios inusuales&#44; entre las que destacan las de miembros superiores&#44; de senos venosos cerebrales&#44; del territorio espl&#225;cnico y de las venas retinianas &#40;TVR&#41;&#46; Estas &#250;ltimas afectan a unos 16 millones de personas en el mundo&#44; con una edad media de 60 a&#241;os&#44; y sin diferencias de distribuci&#243;n por sexo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La patogenia de la TVR es poco conocida&#44; aunque parece demostrado que la edad es un factor crucial&#44; ya que la gran mayor&#237;a de los pacientes son mayores de 50 a&#241;os y la incidencia aumenta con la edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se cree que al igual que en la ETEV cl&#225;sica&#44; en su fisiopatolog&#237;a est&#225; implicada la triada de Virchow<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Aqu&#237; la arteria desempe&#241;a un papel protagonista&#44; ya que tanto en la l&#225;mina cribosa como en los cruces arteriovenosos retinianos permanece adyacente a la vena compartiendo adventicia y tejido glial&#46; Por tanto&#44; cualquier enfermedad arterial que conlleve un aumento de tama&#241;o de la arteria origina un estrechamiento de la vena&#44; ralentizaci&#243;n del flujo sangu&#237;neo y p&#233;rdida de la conducci&#243;n laminar&#44; situaciones que se consideran protromb&#243;ticas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Este mecanismo parece ser el que provoca su asociaci&#243;n con la enfermedad arterial y lo diferencia de la ETEV convencional&#44; por lo que se podr&#237;a considerar la TVR como una complicaci&#243;n de la arterioesclerosis m&#225;s que una forma de ETEV&#46; Algunos autores asocian la TVR a un elevado riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares&#44; aunque los resultados sobre TVR y mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en los distintos estudios son contradictorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;6&#8211;8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hipertensi&#243;n arterial supone el factor de riesgo de TVR m&#225;s importante&#44; ya que est&#225; presente en m&#225;s del 50&#37; de los pacientes&#44; como se demuestra en el estudio de Gracia et al&#46;&#44; publicado en este n&#250;mero de <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Revista Cl&#237;nica Espa&#241;ola</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; y en otros trabajos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; se ha encontrado asociaci&#243;n con el tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo&#44; los anticonceptivos orales estrog&#233;nicos y los s&#237;ndromes mieloproliferativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;8</span></a>&#46; Otras asociaciones menos frecuentes son las enfermedades que cursan con vasculitis retinianas&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la evidencia de la hipercoagulabilidad como mecanismo etiol&#243;gico en pacientes con TVR es menos consistente&#44; aunque puede ser un factor principal en pacientes menores de 45 a&#241;os sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46; Aunque algunos estudios &#40;la mayor&#237;a retrospectivos y con muestras peque&#241;as&#41; han descrito una asociaci&#243;n de la TVR con distintas trombofilias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#44; un metaan&#225;lisis de 26 estudios sugiri&#243; que solo la hiperhomocisteinemia y los anticuerpos anticardiolipina lo hac&#237;an de forma independiente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; Sobre la base de este metaan&#225;lisis no parece justificado realizar un estudio sistem&#225;tico y completo de trombofilia en todas las obstrucciones venosas retinianas&#44; m&#225;xime teniendo en cuenta que no hay datos disponibles sobre la actitud&#44; el tratamiento a seguir ni el efecto de la anticoagulaci&#243;n como profilaxis secundaria de la TVR con datos de trombofilia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; En definitiva&#44; como no hay una asociaci&#243;n demostrada de la trombofilia hereditaria con la TVR&#44; parece poco &#250;til incluirla en el protocolo de valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica de estos pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto al tratamiento sist&#233;mico se han valorado multitud de agentes con datos dispares&#44; en estudios heterog&#233;neos de escaso tama&#241;o muestral&#46; Destacan los antiagregantes plaquetarios&#44; pentoxifilina&#44; troxerutina&#44; prostaciclina&#44; fibrinol&#237;ticos&#44; anticoagulantes &#40;warfarina&#44; heparinas de bajo peso molecular&#41;&#44; e incluso la hemodiluci&#243;n&#46; Como se muestra en el estudio de Gracia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> no existe evidencia sobre el beneficio de la anticoagulaci&#243;n en la TVR<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;16&#8211;18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada la compleja patogenia de la TVR se aconseja que en estos pacientes se realice una valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; que sirva para decidir el tratamiento m&#225;s apropiado&#44; con el objetivo de prevenir da&#241;os sist&#233;micos asociados y recurrencias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;16&#44;19&#44;20</span></a>&#46; No existe consenso sobre los par&#225;metros que se deben estudiar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;10</span></a>&#46; Marcucci et al&#46; propusieron los siguientes&#58; electrocardiograma&#44; ecocardiograma &#40;solo en determinadas situaciones&#41;&#44; ecograf&#237;a doppler de troncos supraa&#243;rticos&#44; valoraci&#243;n de los antecedentes familiares de aterotrombosis y ETEV&#44; y antecedentes personales de diabetes mellitus&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#44; dislipidemia &#40;incluyendo colesterol-LDL&#44; colesterol-HDL&#44; colesterol total y triglic&#233;ridos&#41; y obesidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n se recomienda un hemograma&#44; medici&#243;n de la homociste&#237;na en sangre&#44; anticuerpos antifosfol&#237;pidos &#40;otros estudios inmunol&#243;gicos en casos seleccionados&#41; y&#44; aunque controvertido&#44; un estudio completo de trombofilia en pacientes menores de 50 a&#241;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la literatura cient&#237;fica en espa&#241;ol solo existen publicados alrededor de 40 art&#237;culos sobre TVR &#40;WOK y PubMed&#59; palabras clave <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">retinal vein occlusion</span>&#44; idioma espa&#241;ol&#41;&#44; de los que en menos de 10 se realiz&#243; una valoraci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; y solo en 3<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;9&#44;21</span></a> la muestra de pacientes fue mayor de 20&#46; La medicina interna y el grupo de trabajo de ETEV deben ayudar a esclarecer las dudas existentes en este tipo de trombosis&#44; quiz&#225;s con los datos de los registros ya existentes como RIETE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#58; &#191;hasta qu&#233; punto es importante realizar el estudio sist&#233;mico&#63;&#44; &#191;qu&#233; peso tiene cada factor de riesgo&#63;&#44; &#191;son tan prevalentes los factores de riesgo vascular&#63;&#44; &#191;son igual de prevalentes los factores de riesgo de la ETEV&#63;&#44; &#191;qu&#233; papel tiene la anticoagulaci&#243;n&#63;&#44; y &#191;es necesario el estudio de trombofilia en los menores de 50 a&#241;os&#63;</p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidence of various types of retinal vein occlusion and their recurrence and demographic characteristics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;S&#46; Hayreh"
                            1 => "M&#46;B&#46; Zimmerman"
                            2 => "P&#46; Podhajsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "429"
                        "paginaFinal" => "441"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154523"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk factors and outcome in patients with retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Di Capua"
                            1 => "A&#46; Coppola"
                            2 => "R&#46; Albisinni"
                            3 => "A&#46; Tufano"
                            4 => "A&#46; Guida"
                            5 => "M&#46;N&#46; Di Minno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11239-009-0388-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thromb Thrombolysis"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19705255"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Systemic factors contributory to retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; McGrath"
                            1 => "F&#46; Wechsler"
                            2 => "A&#46;B&#46;L&#46; Hunyor"
                            3 => "R&#46; Penny"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "1978"
                        "volumen" => "138"
                        "paginaInicial" => "216"
                        "paginaFinal" => "220"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/626551"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415008602"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusion&#58; An approach to diagnosis&#44; systemic risk factors and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Yau"
                            1 => "P&#46; Lee"
                            2 => "T&#46;Y&#46; Wong"
                            3 => "J&#46; Best"
                            4 => "A&#46; Jenkins"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01720.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Med J"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "904"
                        "paginaFinal" => "910"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19120547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; Pathogenesis and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rehak"
                            1 => "P&#46; Wiedemann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03909.x"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1886"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1894"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20492457"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415012807"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular y enfermedad obstructiva microvascular de la retina"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rodr&#237;guez"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Borregero"
                            2 => "E&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Vi&#241;a"
                            4 => "M&#46; Serrano"
                            5 => "F&#46; Santolaria"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "134"
                        "paginaInicial" => "95"
                        "paginaFinal" => "100"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0049017210002568"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00490172"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nine year follow-up study of morbidity and mortality in retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;D&#46; Tsaloumas"
                            1 => "J&#46; Kirwan"
                            2 => "H&#46; Vinall"
                            3 => "M&#46;B&#46; O¿Leary"
                            4 => "P&#46; Prior"
                            5 => "E&#46;E&#46; Kritzinger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/eye.2000.230"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eye"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "821"
                        "paginaFinal" => "827"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11584836"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458412008965"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;C&#46; Martin"
                            1 => "A&#46; Butcher"
                            2 => "N&#46; Martin"
                            3 => "J&#46; Farmer"
                            4 => "P&#46;M&#46; Dobson"
                            5 => "W&#46;A&#46; Bartlett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "774"
                        "paginaFinal" => "776"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12084748"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo vascular&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular no valvular y obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Lisa Gracia"
                            1 => "A&#46; C&#243;rdoba Alonso"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
                            3 => "R&#46; P&#233;rez Montes"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "217"
                        "paginaInicial" => "182"
                        "paginaFinal" => "186"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusions&#58; A review for the internist"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                            1 => "F&#46; Sofi"
                            2 => "E&#46; Grifoni"
                            3 => "A&#46; Sodi"
                            4 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11739-010-0478-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Emerg Med"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "307"
                        "paginaFinal" => "314"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547483"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cardiovascular and thrombophilic risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                            1 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                            2 => "L&#46; Bertini"
                            3 => "A&#46;M&#46; Gori"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "163"
                        "paginaFinal" => "169"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12020623"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458412010254"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein thrombosis&#58; Risk factors&#44; pathogenesis and therapeutic approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Prisco"
                            1 => "R&#46; Marcucci"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "73587"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13679663"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Coagulation disorders and the risk of retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Kuhli-Hattenbach"
                            1 => "I&#46; Scharrer"
                            2 => "M&#46; L&#252;chtenberg"
                            3 => "L&#46;O&#46; Hattenbach"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH09-05-0331"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "299"
                        "paginaFinal" => "305"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126828"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manifestaciones oftalmol&#243;gicas del s&#237;ndrome antifosfol&#237;pido primario"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Nogueira Goriba"
                            1 => "M&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;n S&#225;nchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "201"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11293983"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal vein occlusion&#58; A form of venous thrombosis or a complication of atherosclerosis&#63; A meta-analysis of thrombophilic factors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Janssen"
                            1 => "M&#46; den Heijer"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Cruysberg"
                            3 => "H&#46; Wollersheim"
                            4 => "S&#46;J&#46; Bredie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH04-11-0768"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1021"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1026"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15968383"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Retinal-vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "T&#46;Y&#46; Wong"
                            1 => "I&#46;U&#46; Scott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMcp1003934"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "363"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2135"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2144"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105795"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of retinal vein occlusion&#58; A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Lazo-Langner"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hawel"
                            2 => "W&#46; Ageno"
                            3 => "M&#46;J&#46; Kovacs"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3324/haematol.2010.023614"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Haematologica"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1587"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1593"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305141"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1063458415000473"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "10634584"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antithrombotic and fibrinolytic drugs for retinal vein occlusion&#58; A systematic review and a call for action"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Squizzato"
                            1 => "E&#46; Manfredi"
                            2 => "S&#46; Bozzato"
                            3 => "F&#46; Dentali"
                            4 => "W&#46; Ageno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1160/TH09-09-0626"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "271"
                        "paginaFinal" => "276"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20126837"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Interim guidelines for management of retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Hykin"
                            1 => "W&#46; Amoaku"
                            2 => "S&#46; Sivaprasad"
                            3 => "P&#46; Dodson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "The Royal College of Ophthalmologists"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Managing retinal vein occlusion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Kiire"
                            1 => "N&#46;V&#46; Chong"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMJ"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "344"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e499"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362114"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Trombofilia y factores de riesgo vascular en la obstrucci&#243;n venosa retiniana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Napal Lecumberri"
                            1 => "C&#46; Sedano Balbas"
                            2 => "J&#46; Ca&#241;al Villanueva"
                            3 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2013.01.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "213"
                        "paginaInicial" => "229"
                        "paginaFinal" => "234"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23566482"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Los registros de pacientes y la investigaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "M&#46; Monreal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2016.11.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "217"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27988023"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300504/v3_201705221132/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "1020"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editoriales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00142565/0000021700000004/v3_201705221132/S0014256517300504/v3_201705221132/es/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://revclinesp.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256517300504?idApp=WRCEE"
]
Información del artículo
ISSN: 00142565
Idioma original: Español
Datos actualizados diariamente
año/Mes Html Pdf Total
2023 Marzo 4 4 8
2023 Enero 1 3 4
2022 Mayo 1 2 3
2020 Noviembre 1 2 3
2019 Septiembre 1 2 3
2018 Julio 1 0 1
2018 Marzo 1 0 1
2018 Febrero 3 0 3
2017 Noviembre 1 1 2
2017 Octubre 1 1 2
2017 Agosto 1 3 4
2017 Julio 5 1 6
2017 Junio 2 2 4
2017 Mayo 26 5 31
2017 Abril 3 7 10
2017 Marzo 0 10 10
Mostrar todo

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?