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generalmente leve&#44; cuya cuant&#237;a parece proporcional a los a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n de la diabetes y al grado de control gluc&#233;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Los autores concluyen que los sujetos con menor capacidad vital forzada &#40;CVF&#41; ten&#237;an mayor riesgo de diabetes incidente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; As&#237; mismo&#44; se ha documentado que los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 &#40;DM2&#41; tienen valores espirom&#233;tricos significativamente menores que los valores de referencia y que la exposici&#243;n gluc&#233;mica es un potente predictor negativo de la funci&#243;n pulmonar a largo plazo&#44; tras ajustar por diversas variables confundentes&#44; lo que sugiere que la disminuci&#243;n de vol&#250;menes pulmonares y la limitaci&#243;n al flujo a&#233;reo pueden ser complicaciones cr&#243;nicas de la DM2&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; 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de modo que la disfunci&#243;n pulmonar podr&#237;a considerarse como un marcador de insulinrresistencia y de prediabetes&#46; Por otro lado&#44; existen datos que sugieren que la alteraci&#243;n del metabolismo de la glucosa se asocia a una alteraci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; En un estudio realizado en poblaci&#243;n adulta no diab&#233;tica se encontr&#243; una relaci&#243;n inversa entre el volumen espirado m&#225;ximo en un segundo &#40;VEMS&#41;&#44; la CVF y la glucemia a las 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de una sobrecarga oral de glucosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nurses&#39;s Health Study</span>&#44; las mujeres con EPOC tuvieron mayor riesgo de desarrollar DM2 &#40;RR 1&#44;8&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#44;1&#8211;2&#44;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Aunque bien es cierto que otros estudios solo encuentran asociaci&#243;n entre enfermedad pulmonar restrictiva y DM2&#44; no entre EPOC y diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; El tabaco es un factor etiol&#243;gico com&#250;n a la EPOC y la DMT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> y se ha sugerido que la inflamaci&#243;n podr&#237;a ser el nexo patog&#233;nico com&#250;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Resulta necesario esperar nuevos estudios cuyo objetivo sea evaluar con mayor certeza y evidencia los lazos etiopatog&#233;nicos entre la EPOC y la diabetes para poder asegurar&#44; como sugieren los datos expuestos&#44; que hay algo m&#225;s que una mera coincidencia entre ambos procesos&#46;</p><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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EPOC y diabetes, ¿algo más que una simple coincidencia?
COPD and diabetes: Something more than a simple coincidence?
R. Gómez-Huelgasa, V. Buonaiutoa, P. Medinab, C.M.. C.M. de San Románb,
Autor para correspondencia
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Comarcal de La Axarquía, Vélez-Málaga, Málaga, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el editorial titulado <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">La EPOC&#58; m&#225;s all&#225; de los pulmones</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; &#193;lvarez Sala califica la comorbilidad de la EPOC de causal &#40;en el caso del c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#41;&#44; de complicaci&#243;n &#40;insuficiencia cardiaca&#41;&#44; de intercurrencia &#40;infecci&#243;n respiratoria&#41; o de coincidencia para el caso de la diabetes mellitus&#46; Existen m&#250;ltiples datos en la literatura que apuntan a la existencia de una relaci&#243;n m&#225;s estrecha entre estas dos entidades de elevada prevalencia&#46;</p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un estudio de cohorte prospectiva realizado con m&#225;s de 11&#46;000 pacientes&#44; seguidos durante 9 a&#241;os&#44; se ha descrito que los pacientes diab&#233;ticos presentan un patr&#243;n respiratorio restrictivo&#44; generalmente leve&#44; cuya cuant&#237;a parece proporcional a los a&#241;os de evoluci&#243;n de la diabetes y al grado de control gluc&#233;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Los autores concluyen que los sujetos con menor capacidad vital forzada &#40;CVF&#41; ten&#237;an mayor riesgo de diabetes incidente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; As&#237; mismo&#44; se ha documentado que los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 &#40;DM2&#41; tienen valores espirom&#233;tricos significativamente menores que los valores de referencia y que la exposici&#243;n gluc&#233;mica es un potente predictor negativo de la funci&#243;n pulmonar a largo plazo&#44; tras ajustar por diversas variables confundentes&#44; lo que sugiere que la disminuci&#243;n de vol&#250;menes pulmonares y la limitaci&#243;n al flujo a&#233;reo pueden ser complicaciones cr&#243;nicas de la DM2&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la limitaci&#243;n al flujo a&#233;reo se manifiesta como un predictor independiente de muerte en DM2 tras ajustar por otros factores de riesgo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#46; No est&#225; claro si estas alteraciones de la funci&#243;n pulmonar son un mero marcador o un verdadero factor de riesgo de DM2&#46;</p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tambi&#233;n se ha objetivado que los pacientes diab&#233;ticos tienen m&#225;s riesgo de presentar enfermedades pulmonares &#40;asma&#44; EPOC&#44; fibrosis&#44; neumon&#237;a&#41;&#44; quiz&#225;s por la disminuci&#243;n de la reserva funcional pulmonar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib2"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otros estudios recientes indican que un defecto espirom&#233;trico restrictivo es habitual en pacientes prediab&#233;ticos y con s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib5"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> y puede preceder en a&#241;os al desarrollo de DM2&#44; de modo que la disfunci&#243;n pulmonar podr&#237;a considerarse como un marcador de insulinrresistencia y de prediabetes&#46; Por otro lado&#44; existen datos que sugieren que la alteraci&#243;n del metabolismo de la glucosa se asocia a una alteraci&#243;n de la funci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; En un estudio realizado en poblaci&#243;n adulta no diab&#233;tica se encontr&#243; una relaci&#243;n inversa entre el volumen espirado m&#225;ximo en un segundo &#40;VEMS&#41;&#44; la CVF y la glucemia a las 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h de una sobrecarga oral de glucosa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib6"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Nurses&#39;s Health Study</span>&#44; las mujeres con EPOC tuvieron mayor riesgo de desarrollar DM2 &#40;RR 1&#44;8&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#44;1&#8211;2&#44;8&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib7"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Aunque bien es cierto que otros estudios solo encuentran asociaci&#243;n entre enfermedad pulmonar restrictiva y DM2&#44; no entre EPOC y diabetes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib8"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; El tabaco es un factor etiol&#243;gico com&#250;n a la EPOC y la DMT2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib9"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> y se ha sugerido que la inflamaci&#243;n podr&#237;a ser el nexo patog&#233;nico com&#250;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib10"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Resulta necesario esperar nuevos estudios cuyo objetivo sea evaluar con mayor certeza y evidencia los lazos etiopatog&#233;nicos entre la EPOC y la diabetes para poder asegurar&#44; como sugieren los datos expuestos&#44; que hay algo m&#225;s que una mera coincidencia entre ambos procesos&#46;</p><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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