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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Espa&#241;a&#44; la leptospirosis aparec&#237;a cl&#225;sicamente de manera ocasional&#44; y se concentraba en regiones con abundante agua como Catalu&#241;a&#44; Arag&#243;n&#44; Asturias y deltas de los r&#237;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; En la Comunidad Valenciana&#44; una zona considerada hist&#243;ricamente end&#233;mica&#44; debido principalmente al cultivo del arroz<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; en el periodo 2009-2012 su incidencia fue de 0&#44;55 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#47;a&#241;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En el &#225;rea de Badajoz se evidenci&#243; que la incidencia de esta zoonosis no era despreciable&#44; llegando a producir una alta mortalidad en pacientes ancianos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los colectivos en los que se debe tener en cuenta esta entidad son&#44; entre otros&#44; los viajeros que regresan de zonas tropicales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> y sujetos en estrecho contacto con animales &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; veterinarios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la incidencia de esta infecci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a a trav&#233;s del registro de altas hospitalarias en el conjunto m&#237;nimo b&#225;sico de datos &#40;CMBD&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo y retrospectivo de las personas atendidas en hospitales espa&#241;oles entre 2009 y 2012&#44; cuyo diagn&#243;stico &#40;principal o secundario&#41; al alta se hubiera codificado en el CMBD&#44; de acuerdo a la Clasificaci&#243;n Internacional de Enfermedades &#40;CIE 9-MC&#41;&#44; como&#58; 100 &#40;leptospirosis&#41;&#44; 100&#46;0 &#40;leptospirosis icterohemorr&#225;gica&#41;&#44; 100&#46;8 &#40;otras infecciones leptospirales especificadas&#41;&#44; 100&#46;81 &#40;meningitis leptospiral&#44; as&#233;ptica&#41;&#44; o 100&#46;89 &#40;otras&#41;&#46; Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a trav&#233;s del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> fStats&#46; Se consider&#243; la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola como din&#225;mica estable&#44; con una media anual de 46&#46;239&#46;271 habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Resultados</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se obtuvieron un total de 157 diagn&#243;sticos de leptospirosis&#46; El 82&#37; fueron varones y el 18&#37; mujeres&#44; con una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La mediana de edad fue de 52 a&#241;os &#40;rango&#58; 11-94 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; El grupo etario predominante se situ&#243; entre los 50-59 a&#241;os&#46; La distribuci&#243;n temporal de los casos fue heterog&#233;nea&#44; registr&#225;ndose 42 casos en 2009&#44; 39 en 2010&#44; 50 en 2011 y 26 en 2012&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia anual en Espa&#241;a fue de 0&#44;86 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#47;a&#241;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; La mayor incidencia anual por mill&#243;n de habitantes se registr&#243; en Extremadura &#40;3&#44;88&#41;&#44; Ceuta &#40;3&#44;25&#41;&#44; Canarias &#40;2&#44;72&#41; y Asturias &#40;2&#44;32&#41;&#44; siendo las comunidades aut&#243;nomas con mayor n&#250;mero de casos Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco &#40;22 casos cada una&#41;&#46; Se hallaron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en las comunidades con una incidencia menor a la de Asturias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No se registraron casos en Arag&#243;n&#44; La Rioja y Melilla&#46; Las provincias con mayor incidencia anual por mill&#243;n de habitantes fueron Badajoz &#40;6&#44;21&#41;&#44; Las Palmas &#40;4&#44;02&#41;&#44; Ceuta &#40;3&#44;25&#41; y Gipuzkoa &#40;3&#44;20&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los casos no se distribu&#237;an de la misma forma en las diferentes estaciones del a&#241;o &#40;valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0052&#41;&#46; La mayor parte de pacientes fueron atendidos en oto&#241;o &#40;35&#37;&#41;&#59; 15&#37; de ellos en septiembre&#46; El menor n&#250;mero de casos se registr&#243; en primavera &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentaron leptospirosis&#44; como diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; el 90&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes&#44; mientras que en el 9&#44;5&#37; la enfermedad se registr&#243; como diagn&#243;stico secundario&#46; Los pacientes se diagnosticaron en los servicios de medicina interna &#40;55&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; enfermedades infecciosas &#40;15&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; nefrolog&#237;a &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; medicina intensiva &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41; y digestivo &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa bruta de mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados por leptospirosis fue del 6&#44;3&#37;&#44; y las causas principales fueron&#58; leptospirosis en 3 pacientes&#44; septicemia no especificada en 2&#44; y necrosis hep&#225;tica&#44; fiebre botonosa mediterr&#225;nea&#44; miocardiopat&#237;a primaria&#44; bronconeumon&#237;a y lesiones hep&#225;ticas debidas al consumo de alcohol en uno&#46; La estancia media intrahospitalaria fue de 13&#44;1 d&#237;as&#44; y el gasto medio por paciente 7&#46;091&#44;54&#8364;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de leptospirosis en Espa&#241;a es baja &#40;0&#44;86 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;&#44; si se compara con las detectadas en &#225;reas end&#233;micas como el Caribe&#44; Am&#233;rica central&#44; Sudam&#233;rica&#44; Sudeste Asi&#225;tico y Ocean&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; En Espa&#241;a&#44; Pappas et al&#46; reportaron una incidencia en 2007 de 0&#44;3 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; inferior a la detectada en el presente trabajo&#46; La distinta fuente de informaci&#243;n puede justificar esta diferencia de valores&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La leptospirosis fue m&#225;s frecuente en los varones&#44; en la quinta d&#233;cada de la vida&#46; Esto coincide con la mayor&#237;a de estudios internacionales&#44; que confirman la afectaci&#243;n predominante de los varones de mediana edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; probablemente debido a su mayor exposici&#243;n laboral y recreacional&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La regi&#243;n espa&#241;ola m&#225;s afectada en el periodo estudiado fue Badajoz &#40;6&#44;21 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;&#44; con una cifra inferior a la incidencia estimada en dicha zona entre 1997 y 2013 &#40;19&#44;9 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; que se obtuvo a trav&#233;s del registro propio de una unidad de enfermedades infecciosas y el CMBD&#46; Esta m&#225;xima incidencia podr&#237;a relacionarse con un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha&#44; con las condiciones clim&#225;ticas&#44; la agricultura y la mayor presencia de industrias ganaderas en la zona&#44; entre otros factores&#46; Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco fueron las 2 comunidades aut&#243;nomas que concentraron el mayor n&#250;mero de casos &#40;22&#41;&#44; en contraposici&#243;n con los datos de una revisi&#243;n anterior de casos de leptospirosis en Espa&#241;a realizada entre 1982 y 1999<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; donde Catalu&#241;a registr&#243; hasta un 50&#37; del total de casos espa&#241;oles&#46; Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco se situaron en ese estudio casi a la cola en n&#250;mero de casos &#40;1&#44;4 y 3&#44;4&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor&#237;a de las infecciones se produjeron en verano y oto&#241;o&#44; en concordancia con el car&#225;cter estacional de la enfermedad en las regiones templadas&#44; descrito en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa bruta de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en Espa&#241;a se situ&#243; en el 6&#44;3&#37;&#46; Este dato es comparable a valores de un estudio dan&#233;s &#40;2&#44;3&#37; entre 1980 y 2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; y m&#225;s bajo que el de los brotes epid&#233;micos registrados en Brasil o Filipinas &#40;15 y 10&#44;8&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#59; en cualquier caso&#44; concuerda con las estimaciones de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud &#40;3-30&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n que presenta este estudio es su metodolog&#237;a&#44; 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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#243;rdoba&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;laga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sevilla&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asturias&#44; Principado de</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asturias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Balears&#44; Illes</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Balears&#44; Illes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Palmas&#44; Las&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Santa Cruz de Tenerife&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cantabria</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cantabria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Castilla-La Mancha</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Toledo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Castilla y Le&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Le&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Zamora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Catalu&#241;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Barcelona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Girona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tarragona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ceuta</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ceuta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comunitat Valenciana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alicante&#47;Alacant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Castell&#243;n&#47;Castell&#243;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Valencia&#47;Val&#232;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Extremadura</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Badajoz&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Galicia</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;08&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coru&#241;a&#44; A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pontevedra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;53&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Correspondencia
Incidencia de leptospirosis en España entre 2009-2012
Incidence of leptospirosis in Spain, 2009-2012
I. Domingoa,
Autor para correspondencia
igdokam@me.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, M. Cuencab,c, F. Gimenob, A. Guerreroa,b
a Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, España
b Dirección de Investigación y Docencia, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, España
c Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Espa&#241;a&#44; la leptospirosis aparec&#237;a cl&#225;sicamente de manera ocasional&#44; y se concentraba en regiones con abundante agua como Catalu&#241;a&#44; Arag&#243;n&#44; Asturias y deltas de los r&#237;os<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; En la Comunidad Valenciana&#44; una zona considerada hist&#243;ricamente end&#233;mica&#44; debido principalmente al cultivo del arroz<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; en el periodo 2009-2012 su incidencia fue de 0&#44;55 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#47;a&#241;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En el &#225;rea de Badajoz se evidenci&#243; que la incidencia de esta zoonosis no era despreciable&#44; llegando a producir una alta mortalidad en pacientes ancianos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Los colectivos en los que se debe tener en cuenta esta entidad son&#44; entre otros&#44; los viajeros que regresan de zonas tropicales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a> y sujetos en estrecho contacto con animales &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; veterinarios&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la incidencia de esta infecci&#243;n en Espa&#241;a a trav&#233;s del registro de altas hospitalarias en el conjunto m&#237;nimo b&#225;sico de datos &#40;CMBD&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo y retrospectivo de las personas atendidas en hospitales espa&#241;oles entre 2009 y 2012&#44; cuyo diagn&#243;stico &#40;principal o secundario&#41; al alta se hubiera codificado en el CMBD&#44; de acuerdo a la Clasificaci&#243;n Internacional de Enfermedades &#40;CIE 9-MC&#41;&#44; como&#58; 100 &#40;leptospirosis&#41;&#44; 100&#46;0 &#40;leptospirosis icterohemorr&#225;gica&#41;&#44; 100&#46;8 &#40;otras infecciones leptospirales especificadas&#41;&#44; 100&#46;81 &#40;meningitis leptospiral&#44; as&#233;ptica&#41;&#44; o 100&#46;89 &#40;otras&#41;&#46; Los datos obtenidos se analizaron a trav&#233;s del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">software</span> fStats&#46; Se consider&#243; la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola como din&#225;mica estable&#44; con una media anual de 46&#46;239&#46;271 habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Resultados</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se obtuvieron un total de 157 diagn&#243;sticos de leptospirosis&#46; El 82&#37; fueron varones y el 18&#37; mujeres&#44; con una diferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&#41;&#46; La mediana de edad fue de 52 a&#241;os &#40;rango&#58; 11-94 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; El grupo etario predominante se situ&#243; entre los 50-59 a&#241;os&#46; La distribuci&#243;n temporal de los casos fue heterog&#233;nea&#44; registr&#225;ndose 42 casos en 2009&#44; 39 en 2010&#44; 50 en 2011 y 26 en 2012&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia anual en Espa&#241;a fue de 0&#44;86 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#47;a&#241;o &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; La mayor incidencia anual por mill&#243;n de habitantes se registr&#243; en Extremadura &#40;3&#44;88&#41;&#44; Ceuta &#40;3&#44;25&#41;&#44; Canarias &#40;2&#44;72&#41; y Asturias &#40;2&#44;32&#41;&#44; siendo las comunidades aut&#243;nomas con mayor n&#250;mero de casos Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco &#40;22 casos cada una&#41;&#46; Se hallaron diferencias estad&#237;sticamente significativas en las comunidades con una incidencia menor a la de Asturias &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#46; No se registraron casos en Arag&#243;n&#44; La Rioja y Melilla&#46; Las provincias con mayor incidencia anual por mill&#243;n de habitantes fueron Badajoz &#40;6&#44;21&#41;&#44; Las Palmas &#40;4&#44;02&#41;&#44; Ceuta &#40;3&#44;25&#41; y Gipuzkoa &#40;3&#44;20&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los casos no se distribu&#237;an de la misma forma en las diferentes estaciones del a&#241;o &#40;valor de p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0052&#41;&#46; La mayor parte de pacientes fueron atendidos en oto&#241;o &#40;35&#37;&#41;&#59; 15&#37; de ellos en septiembre&#46; El menor n&#250;mero de casos se registr&#243; en primavera &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentaron leptospirosis&#44; como diagn&#243;stico principal&#44; el 90&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes&#44; mientras que en el 9&#44;5&#37; la enfermedad se registr&#243; como diagn&#243;stico secundario&#46; Los pacientes se diagnosticaron en los servicios de medicina interna &#40;55&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; enfermedades infecciosas &#40;15&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#44; nefrolog&#237;a &#40;6&#44;3&#37;&#41;&#44; medicina intensiva &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41; y digestivo &#40;3&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa bruta de mortalidad de los pacientes ingresados por leptospirosis fue del 6&#44;3&#37;&#44; y las causas principales fueron&#58; leptospirosis en 3 pacientes&#44; septicemia no especificada en 2&#44; y necrosis hep&#225;tica&#44; fiebre botonosa mediterr&#225;nea&#44; miocardiopat&#237;a primaria&#44; bronconeumon&#237;a y lesiones hep&#225;ticas debidas al consumo de alcohol en uno&#46; La estancia media intrahospitalaria fue de 13&#44;1 d&#237;as&#44; y el gasto medio por paciente 7&#46;091&#44;54&#8364;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de leptospirosis en Espa&#241;a es baja &#40;0&#44;86 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;&#44; si se compara con las detectadas en &#225;reas end&#233;micas como el Caribe&#44; Am&#233;rica central&#44; Sudam&#233;rica&#44; Sudeste Asi&#225;tico y Ocean&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; En Espa&#241;a&#44; Pappas et al&#46; reportaron una incidencia en 2007 de 0&#44;3 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; inferior a la detectada en el presente trabajo&#46; La distinta fuente de informaci&#243;n puede justificar esta diferencia de valores&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La leptospirosis fue m&#225;s frecuente en los varones&#44; en la quinta d&#233;cada de la vida&#46; Esto coincide con la mayor&#237;a de estudios internacionales&#44; que confirman la afectaci&#243;n predominante de los varones de mediana edad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; probablemente debido a su mayor exposici&#243;n laboral y recreacional&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La regi&#243;n espa&#241;ola m&#225;s afectada en el periodo estudiado fue Badajoz &#40;6&#44;21 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;&#44; con una cifra inferior a la incidencia estimada en dicha zona entre 1997 y 2013 &#40;19&#44;9 casos por mill&#243;n de habitantes&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; que se obtuvo a trav&#233;s del registro propio de una unidad de enfermedades infecciosas y el CMBD&#46; Esta m&#225;xima incidencia podr&#237;a relacionarse con un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha&#44; con las condiciones clim&#225;ticas&#44; la agricultura y la mayor presencia de industrias ganaderas en la zona&#44; entre otros factores&#46; Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco fueron las 2 comunidades aut&#243;nomas que concentraron el mayor n&#250;mero de casos &#40;22&#41;&#44; en contraposici&#243;n con los datos de una revisi&#243;n anterior de casos de leptospirosis en Espa&#241;a realizada entre 1982 y 1999<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; donde Catalu&#241;a registr&#243; hasta un 50&#37; del total de casos espa&#241;oles&#46; Canarias y Pa&#237;s Vasco se situaron en ese estudio casi a la cola en n&#250;mero de casos &#40;1&#44;4 y 3&#44;4&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor&#237;a de las infecciones se produjeron en verano y oto&#241;o&#44; en concordancia con el car&#225;cter estacional de la enfermedad en las regiones templadas&#44; descrito en otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa bruta de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en Espa&#241;a se situ&#243; en el 6&#44;3&#37;&#46; Este dato es comparable a valores de un estudio dan&#233;s &#40;2&#44;3&#37; entre 1980 y 2012&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; y m&#225;s bajo que el de los brotes epid&#233;micos registrados en Brasil o Filipinas &#40;15 y 10&#44;8&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;14</span></a>&#59; en cualquier caso&#44; concuerda con las estimaciones de la Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud &#40;3-30&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n que presenta este estudio es su metodolog&#237;a&#44; que impide detectar todos los casos de la enfermedad&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el CMBD solo registra los casos m&#225;s graves que requieren hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46; No obstante&#44; estas limitaciones no invalidan las principales conclusiones del estudio&#44; como son la baja incidencia y heterogenicidad de las tasas en diferentes zonas espa&#241;olas&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comunidades aut&#243;nomas y provincias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Incidencia acumulada por mill&#243;n de habitantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Incidencia anual por mill&#243;n de habitantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Andaluc&#237;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#225;diz&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#243;rdoba&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M&#225;laga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sevilla&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Asturias&#44; Principado de</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asturias&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Balears&#44; Illes</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Balears&#44; Illes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Canarias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Palmas&#44; Las&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Santa Cruz de Tenerife&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cantabria</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cantabria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Castilla-La Mancha</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Toledo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Castilla y Le&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Le&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#44;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Zamora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Catalu&#241;a</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Barcelona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Girona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tarragona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ceuta</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ceuta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comunitat Valenciana</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alicante&#47;Alacant&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Castell&#243;n&#47;Castell&#243;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Valencia&#47;Val&#232;ncia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Extremadura</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#44;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Badajoz&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">24&#44;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Incidencia de leptospirosis en Espa&#241;a por mill&#243;n de habitantes &#40;2009-2012&#41;</p>"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 00142565
Idioma original: Español
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