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Uncorrected Proof. Available online 30 September 2026

Prognostic value of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System among people hospitalized with obesity

Valor pronóstico del Edmonton Obesity Staging System en personas hospitalizadas con obesidad
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J. Enaa,
,1
, J. Carretero Gomezb,1, F.J. Sanchez Lorac, M.V. Bonilla Hernandezd, A. Bustos Merloe, V. Lobo-Antuñaf, J.P. Miramontes Gonzalezg, P. Gonzalez Gonzalezh, P. Nadal Gomezi, C. Hernández-Cerónj, J.M. Fernandez Rodriguezk, B. Martinez Muriell, P. Arcos Peredai, A.R. Martinezi, en nombre del Grupo de Trabajo de Diabetes, Obesidad y Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna
a Hospital Marina Baixa, Alicante, Spain
b Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Spain
c Hospital de la Axarquia, Malaga, Spain
d Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Spain
e Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
f Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Spain
g Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
h Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Badajoz, Spain
i Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
j Hospital Comarcal do Salnes, Pontevedra, Spain
k Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Spain
l Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Obesity is a heterogeneous clinical condition whose severity is not adequately reflected by body mass index (BMI). We used the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS), which integrates obesity-related comorbidities and functional impairment, to assess the prognosis of hospitalised patients with obesity.

Methods

Prospective cohort study conducted in 26 Spanish hospitals. Hospitalised individuals with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 were included. We evaluated sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, baseline treatment and treatment prescribed at discharge, EOSS stage, and outcomes at 90 days after discharge (readmissions and mortality).

Results

Of 3218 screened individuals, 496 (15.4%) were obese. The mean age was 75 years, and 50.1% were women. Most patients with obesity were classified into EOSS stages 2 (35.9%) and 3 (33.1%). Advanced stages were associated with higher comorbidity burden, worse laboratory profile (renal dysfunction, anaemia), and greater therapeutic complexity. As the EOSS stage increased, the trend analysis demonstrated a progressive increase in the risk of readmission (p = 0.026) and death (p = 0.023). In the discharge report, we recorded a significant relative increase in prescriptions of medications with cardiometabolic benefit and effect on body weight (relative increase of 33% for SGLT2 inhibitors and 11.8% for GLP-1/GLP1-GIP receptor agonists).

Conclusions

The EOSS classification system applied to hospitalised patients may identify subgroups of patients with worse prognosis helping physicians to initiate specific treatment to improve health outcomes.

Keywords:
Obesity
Edmonton Obesity Staging System
Hospitalisation
Prognosis
Readmission
Mortality
Resumen
Fundamento

La obesidad es una entidad clínica heterogénea cuya gravedad no queda adecuadamente reflejada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Utilizamos el Sistema de Estadificación de la Obesidad de Edmonton (Edmonton Obesity Staging System, EOSS), que integra comorbilidades y limitación funcional para evaluar el pronóstico de los pacientes hospitalizados con obesidad.

Métodos

Estudio de cohortes prospectivo realizado en 26 hospitales españoles. Se incluyeron personas hospitalizadas con IMC > 30 kg/m2. Evaluamos variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, comorbilidades, variables analíticas, tratamiento habitual y tratamiento prescrito al alta del paciente, estadio EOSS y desenlaces ocurridos a los 90 días del alta (reingresos, mortalidad).

Resultados

De 3.218 personas cribadas, 496 (15,4%) presentaban obesidad. La edad media fue de 75 años y el 50,1% eran mujeres. La mayoría de las personas se clasificaron en estadios EOSS 2 (35,9%) y EOSS 3 (33,1%). Los estadios avanzados se asociaron con mayor carga de comorbilidad, peor perfil analítico (deterioro de la función renal, anemia) y mayor complejidad terapéutica. A medida que aumentaba el estadio EOSS, el análisis de tendencias demostró un aumento progresivo en el riesgo de reingreso (p = 0,026) y muerte (p = 0,023). En el informe de alta, registramos un aumento relativo significativo en las prescripciones de medicamentos con beneficio cardiometabólico y efecto sobre el peso corporal (aumento relativo del 33% para inhibidores SGLT2 y del 11,8% para agonistas de los receptores GLP-1 / GLP1-GIP).

Conclusiones

El sistema de clasificación EOSS aplicado a pacientes hospitalizados puede identificar subgrupos de pacientes con peor pronóstico, lo que ayuda a los médicos a iniciar un tratamiento específico para mejorar los resultados en salud.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Sistema de Estadificación de la Obesidad de Edmonton
Medicina Interna
Reingreso hospitalario
Mortalidad
Graphical abstract

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